用于太阳光泵浦激光的抛物面环形阵列聚光器

为研制适用于太阳光直接泵浦激光器的聚能系统,在分析菲涅尔透镜聚光原理及缺陷的基础上,提出抛物面环形阵列聚光器的设计方法。完成了由抛物面环形阵列聚光器、菲涅尔透镜及复合抛物面聚光器（CPC）组成的太阳光泵浦激光器二级聚能方案,并与传统菲涅尔透镜方案进行了对比。光线追迹仿真分析表明:新型聚光器能够克服传统菲涅尔透镜的色散、小棱镜面像差及光线遮挡的缺陷,从而提高聚能效,使用抛物面环形阵列聚光器的多级聚能方案较传统菲涅尔透镜的多级聚能方案聚光比提高约18.5%,更适合于大相对孔径、高聚光比聚光场合的应用。     

非视线散射大气光通信的光学天线

由于大气衰减的影响,非视线散射大气光通信需要使用光学天线以提高对光信号的采集能力,进而增加通信距离。针对非视线大气光通信的需求,利用ZEMAX软件对半球透镜、复合抛物面聚光器（CPC）和卡塞格伦望远镜等光学天线进行了性能分析。分析表明：半球透镜和CPC视场较大,增益值高。利用蒙特卡罗法模拟计算了一定条件下,非视线散射光通信在有无半球透镜或CPC作光学天线时到达探测元件的能量随通信距离的变化。结果表明：CPC聚光能力更强,适合作为非视线散射光通信的光学天线。     

A broadband planar acoustic metamaterial lens

Based on quasi-conformal mapping approach, we propose a two-dimensional broadband and low-loss planar lens in the acoustic regime, which can be realized using gradient-index sub-wavelength artificial structures with hard boundary. In this design, QCM is employed in the acoustic regime to convert a parabolic form into a planar one, which makes the resultant material approximately isotropic through minimizing the anisotropic factor. It is found that the planar lens can show the same performance as its parabolic counterparts over a broadband range of frequency. Moreover, the lens is fabricated via 3D printing technology and measured experimentally, which gives identical results with the theoretical prediction. The proposed technique could be extended to realize different acoustic devices and applied for a series of practical applications.     

新型菲涅尔线聚焦聚光太阳电池组件研究

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂为材料,采用热压成型工艺加工成型线聚焦菲涅尔聚光透镜(8×),可用于空间、地面光伏系统太阳电池组件的聚光系统,并对在其聚光条件下,太阳电池的电流电压特性进行测试,结果表明,该菲涅尔线聚焦棱镜能有效提高太阳电池的单位输出功率.模具的机械加工精度和光学抛光精度低,是造成其部分聚光率损失的原因.     

High concentration and homogenized Fresnel lens without secondary optics element

In this paper, we design a single concentrator to homogenize and concentrate the solar energy. The proposed concentrator only consisted of an array of refraction prisms. In order to homogenize the irradiance, all pitches of the Fresnel concentrator focus on the different position of the receiver. Finally, the Fresnel lens that achieves the uniformity of U is 14.6. An acceptance angle of 0.305° is achieved without using additional secondary optics. Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of illumination distribution is 1.4 mm.     

漫射光宽视场光学天线的设计

利用光线追迹的方法分析了半球光学天线及另外两种截取角小于90°的欠半球和大于90°的超半球光学天线的光学增益和接收视场,提出了选择合适截取角的原则,并确认半球形光学天线是一种很合适的漫射光宽视场光学天线;同时分析了均匀能量环境下半球光学天线圆截面上接收到光功率的分布,并提出了设计半球形光学天线基本参量的原则;用光学理论推导出了采用半球形光学天线时能够到达光敏面的光线所应满足的条件,分析了它对光学滤波设计的意义.     

新型菲涅尔线聚光太阳电池组件特性分析

以PMMA为材料,采用热压成型工艺加工线聚焦菲涅尔聚光棱镜,对在其聚光条件下不同入射角度情况下太阳电池的电流电压特性进行测试,结果表明:该菲涅尔线聚焦棱镜能有效提高太阳电池的单位输出功率,而且具有比较宽泛的集光角的特性,基本满足实际应用的要求.     

像面照度均匀的环带式菲涅尔透镜设计

为了解决太阳光经传统菲涅尔聚光镜聚光后太阳能电池接收面上的光强分布不均匀问题,设计了一种环带式菲涅尔聚光镜。根据菲涅尔环带设计方法,把接收面划分为与之对应的环带,使光线在经过菲涅尔聚光镜的表面环带后进入相应的接受面环带,减少了光能损失并提高了光强分布均匀性。给出了在350 nm ~760 nm波段范围内太阳张角角度为0.54°、口径200 mm、高宽比为0.65、聚光比为400的菲涅尔聚光系统设计实例,通过Tracepro模拟并分析了菲涅尔聚光镜的光学能力。结果表明:在接收面尺寸相同的情况下与参数相同的的传统匀光菲涅尔聚光镜相比,此环带菲涅尔透镜光斑能量分布均匀性达到75%。     

A compact and high-power silicon-wafer solar strip-cells-array module integrated with an array concentrator

A compact, low-cost and high-output-power silicon-wafer solar strip-cells-array module(SCAM) was experimentally demonstrated. The proposed SCAM consisted mainly of a silicon-wafer strip-cell sparse array and low-concentrationratio array concentrator based on an epoxy resin polymer(ERP) cylindrical plano-convex lens. A polymer replication process based on a polydimethylsiloxane mold was used to fabricate the ERP lens array concentrator. The results show that 46.94% of the silicon-wafer cell was saved in the designed SCAM. Moreover, the output power of the SCAM with a low concentration ratio of 8 suns was improved by 8.6%, compared with a whole piece of a conventional silicon-wafer solar cell with the same area as the module. The proposed method encapsulating solar cells provides a means to reduce the usage of silicon cells in modules as well as improving the output power of modules.     

Design of an off-axis XR photovoltaic concentrator with SMS method

We present a novel off-axis XR concentrator design that enables a high efficiency energy collection while avoiding the shadowing problem encountered in the designs of symmetry XR type concentrator. Combining with a 1 cm² multi-junction solar cell, the off-axis XR concentrator is able to achieve high optical efficiency of the photovoltaic system. The concentrator design is performed based on the non-imaging optic principle, with one reflective mirror (X) and one refractive lens (R). Both surfaces of the reflective and refractive element are of freeform shapes and fitted as freeform expression in the design analysis. The concentrator has concentration ratio greater than 500× and acceptance angle greater than 2°. A square homogenizing irradiance distribution on the cell is achieved with the help of a suitable rob. The tolerance of the system is analyzed. The results show that the high concentration ratio and greater acceptance angle relax all optical and mechanical tolerances reduce the production and operation cost.     

An optical system incorporating gradient-index lens for confocal inspection

A differential confocal measurement system features high lateral resolution and depth-discriminated sections. In comparison with conventional lens, gradient-index lens is lighter in weight, smaller in volume and easy to couple. In order to facilitate the measurement of a small irregular surface in a limited space, a small optical inspection system is presented, which combines the high axial resolution and absolute position tracking capability of a differential confocal microscopy and the compact design of gradient-index lens, and uses gradient-index lens to obtain a small detector of 1 mm in diameter. The operating principle and construction of the measurement system are detailed. The differential design of the two detectors eliminates both the fluctuation of light source and the electronic noise from probes, and increases the axial resolution as well.     

平板型太阳能聚光器的无漏光设计

针对平板型太阳能聚光器中出现的漏光问题,提出了无漏光聚光器的设计方法.该方法结合简单的数学计算与折射定律、反射定律推导出光线在光波导板中无漏光传播的最大距离理论公式,建立了无漏光聚光比与空气隙结构张角角度、主聚光器高度和宽度之间的数学模型,利用控制变量法分析了无漏光聚光比与各参数之间的关系.运用光线追迹软件对所设计的平板型无漏光太阳能聚光器进行光线追迹模拟,结果表明:在模拟光源选择存在0.27°的发散半角的太阳光源条件下,考虑光线在透射面处的菲涅耳损失和光学材料的吸收,在无漏光范围内实际最大聚光比达到698×、857×和1 032×时的聚光效率分别为88.2%、85.3%和80.2%;超过无漏光范围后随着聚光比进一步增大聚光效率下降较平缓.     

Automatic design of a one-to-many optical-interconnects lens system using aspherics

Use of an aspherical surface in the design of a lens system for one-to-many optical-interconnects (OTM-OI), composed of a doublet lens and a gradient-index (GRIN) lens array has been investigated. Applying the procedure of ALSIE (Automatic Lens design by Solving InEqualities), the off-axis lens systems, which feature the optical performance of the OTM-OI lens system, are optimized at 0.1 numerical aperture with a total field of view of 2°. Three aspherical designs with the aspherical surface for different surfaces are presented. The aspherical designs show preferable modulation transfer function (MTF) for high frequency as compared with the spherical design.     

Effect of crystalline lens surfaces and refractive index on image quality by model simulation analysis

The surfaces and refractive index of crystalline lens play an important role in the optical performance of human eye.On the basis of two eye models,which are widely applied at present,the effect of lens surfaces and its refractive index distribution on optical imaging is analyzed with the optical design software ZEMAX (Zemax Development Co.,San Diego,USA).The result shows that good image quality can be provided by the aspheric lens surfaces or (and) the gradient-index (GRIN) distribution.It has great potential in the design of intraocular lens (IOL).The eye models with an intraocular implantation are presented.     

微型差动式共焦自聚焦光聚焦探测系统

为解决微小内轮廓尺寸为代表的微小尺寸的非接触式超精密测量问题，提出了将自聚焦透镜体积小的特点与共焦显微技术的高分辨率和绝对位置跟踪特性相结合的差动式自聚焦共焦微型显微技术的光探测技术，建立了相应的传感系统，介绍了系统的工作原理和构成，自聚焦透镜测头直径为1mm，两个探测器差动设置，不但消除了光源的光强漂移和探测器的电子漂移产生的共模噪声，提高了测量信噪比，而且有效地提高了系统的轴向分辨率，初步实验表明，系统轴向分辨率在倾斜率小于20度的范围内可达5nm。     

Application of millimeter-sized polymer cylindrical lens array concentrators in solar cells

A unique method is proposed to encapsulate solar cells and improve their power conversion efficiency by using a millimeter-sized cylindrical lens array concentrator. Millimeter-sized epoxy resin polymer(ERP) cylindrical lens array concentrators are fabricated by the soft imprint technique based on polydimethylsiloxane stamps. The photovoltaic measurements show that millimeter-sized ERP cylindrical lens array concentrators can considerably improve the power conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. The validity of the proposed method is proved by the coupled optical and electrical simulations. The designed solar cell devices with the advantages of high-efficiency and convenient cleaning are very useful in practical applications.     

用于光伏系统新型菲涅耳线聚焦聚光透镜设计

根据边缘光线原理,优化设计太阳电池及光伏系统的菲涅耳线聚焦聚光透镜.设计光学聚光率为18×,可用于空间、地面光伏系统的聚光系统.分析了其集光角特性,表明该菲涅耳线聚焦棱镜具有大的集光角(±7°).     

A Non-Energy-Concentrating Lens Using Left-Handed Material

In a planar lens made of left-handed material (LHM), the rays converge to a focal point in the material and once again in free space. The problems exhibited by the planar lens are its great thickness, the long optical path length, and energy concentration in the LHM. We examine a bowl-shaped LHM lens with an index n = −1. In this lens, the back is a concave hemispherical surface and the rays never converge in the LHM, but in free space only. We also designed a quantized bowl-shaped LHM lens composed of multiple layers of thin LHM plates of uniform thickness. A bowl-shaped LHM lens quantized with more than 4 bits has a lens function similar to that of a smooth curved lens. The bowl-shaped lens is characterized by its thinness, its short optical path length, and the absence of energy concentration in the LHM. Furthermore, the quantized bowl-shaped LHM lens can be fabricated. Wave propagation through these lenses is numerically simulated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.     

一维自聚焦透镜及其应用

利用平板自聚焦透镜材料进行离子交换,制成一维自聚焦透镜.分析了平板自聚焦透镜的离子交换原理和折射率分布形成过程,测量了不同厚度时,折射率分布常量A的值.介绍了透镜的应用,并用一维自聚焦透镜制成小型半导体激光器耦合器件.     

Optical efficiency of solar concentrators by a reverse optical path method

A method for the optical characterization of a solar concentrator, based on the reverse illumination by a Lambertian source and measurement of intensity of light projected on a far screen, has been developed. It is shown that the projected light intensity is simply correlated to the angle-resolved efficiency of a concentrator, conventionally obtained by a direct illumination procedure. The method has been applied by simulating simple reflective nonimaging and Fresnel lens concentrators.