共轭导电聚合物电致发光元件的原理与进展

共轭导电聚合物是一种极有应用前途的有机半导体材料。本文综述了共轭导电聚合发光二极管和导电聚合物电化学发光电池的原理及进展。     

可拉伸导体的最新进展

可拉伸导体因能够适应较大的变形以及与三维不规则表面实现无缝接触,受到了广泛关注,在信息、能源、医疗、国防等领域具有广阔的应用前景.在过去的几十年中,人们开发出了很多性能优异的导电纳米材料,如金属纳米线、碳纳米管、石墨烯和导电聚合物等.将导电纳米填料均匀分散到聚合物基质中是制备弹性导体的一种有效方法,可以实现导电性和拉伸性;另一种方法则是对导电复合物进行结构设计,引入可拉伸结构(如褶皱,网型,蛇形等),实现大形变下的性能稳定.本文主要总结了近五年来在弹性导体领域的最新进展,并指出了当前弹性导体领域存在的挑战.另外还讨论了一些柔性电子器件,如发光二极管、传感器、加热器等的研究现状,指明了柔性电子器件的发展趋势.     

导电复合材料的研制

为了适应Z-pinch物理实验对新材料的要求，2003年来对导电复合材料进行了初步研制。由于导电聚合物结构的特殊性，导致了导电聚合物机械加工性能很差，聚吡咯是一种具有较好的热、化学氧化和光照稳定性导电聚合物，因此利用有机材料作为基体，吸附吡咯同时进行氧化聚合，可得到性能较好导电复合材料。在导电聚合物的研制过程中，主要涉及基体材料的选择、氧化剂的选择以及反应时间对复合材料的表面电阻的影响。     

导电聚合物P3MT,P3BT,P3HT的低温物性研究

在导电聚合物的研究领域中,聚噻吩(PTh)是近来引起广泛注意的一种共轭聚合物.为了进一步了解其导电机制,本文对聚噻盼的一系列衍生物 P3MT,P3BT,P3HT 的低温电导,低温高压及低温热电势等基本物性做了系统的研究,并找出这些物性随取代基大小的变化规律.     

导电聚合物自组装纳米器件

导电聚合物自20世纪70年代以来得到了广泛的研究．然而，关于聚合物纳米器件的研究则鲜有报导．从纳米尺度上研究导电聚合物，不仅有利于从更小的尺度上解析聚合物的光电性能、电荷传输机理，也可以将导电聚合物和纳米电子学有机地结合起来，发展聚合物纳米电子学的研究．文章介绍了最近由胡文平等采用自组装的方法构筑的聚合物纳米器件和在纳米器件中观察到的一些有趣的现象．     

等离子体浸没离子注入非导电聚合物的适应性及栅网诱导效应的研究

本文建立了绝缘材料等离子体浸没离子注入过程的动力学Particle-in-cell(PIC)模型, 将二次电子发射系数直接与离子注入即时能量建立关联, 研究了非导电聚合物厚度、介电常数和二次电子发射系数对表面偏压电位的影响规律以及栅网诱导效应. 研究结果表明: 非导电聚合物较厚时, 表面自偏压难以实现全方位离子注入, 栅网诱导可以间接为非导电聚合物提供偏压, 并抑制二次电子发射, 为厚大非导电聚合物表面等离子体浸没离子注入提供了有效途径.     

导电聚合物微米/纳米结构的制备和性质

文章综述了导电聚合物微米／纳米结构(微米管、纳米管、纳米线和微米球等)近几年来所取得的研究进展．重点介绍了三种制备方法(模板合成、无模板法、电纺丝技术)和导电聚合物微米／纳米管的电学、力学、热学、磁学等性能．     

偶氮侧链聚合物液晶的光学性质及其光存储应用

有机聚合物是一类非重要的非线性光学材料，它在光通信和高密度光存储等高技术领域中有良好的应用前景，文章介绍了偶氮侧链聚合物液晶的光学性质及其在光存储领域中的应用。     

导电聚合物P3MT的荧光光谱

本文报道了导电聚合物P3MT的荧光光谱及其随样品掺杂浓度、激光强度和温度的变化。实验表明在基态非简并的导电聚合物P3MT中可同时存在三种不同的辐射跃迁:电子-空穴的带间直接复合,激子复合以及带边和双极化子能级之间的辐射跃迁。 关键词：     

聚合物基导电复合材料的研究进展

众所周知,在三大材料中,金属具有相对较高的导电性能和导热性能,而且其密度高、加工难度大;而聚合物则具有与其相反的特性：电绝缘性和低导热性,密度低,加工容易。将金属和聚合物复合,就可以获得同时具有导电性能、导热性能、低密度、良好加工性能、耐化学腐蚀的材料。     

“Synthetic metals”: a novel role for organic polymers

Since the initial discovery in 1977, that polyacetylene (CH)_x, now commonly known as the prototype conducting polymer, could be p- or n-doped either chemically or electronically to the metallic state, the development of the field conducting polymers, “synthetic metals”, has continued to accelerate at an unexpectedly rapid rate and a variety of other conducting polymers and their derivatives have been discovered. Potential new science/technology has been developed by combining the now well established field of electronic polymers (intrinsically conducting polymers – “synthetic metals”, when doped) with the emerging field of nanoscience (one dimension <100 nm). A simple and inexpensive method is described for producing conducting patterns of electronic polymers on plastic and paper from computer-designed patterns. This method, “Line Patterning”, does not involve printing of the conducting polymers. The difference in hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity between a substrate and a line of regular toner printed on it by a non-modified, standard ofiice laser printer results in conducting polymer areas separated by insulating toner lines.     

不稳定晶格的能带计算

由于导电高分子是宽能带体系,紧束缚近似下的Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(缩写为SSH)模型存在一系列问题,需要加以改进才能满意地研究导电高分子的一维晶格的不稳定性。本工作将稳定晶格的Wannier函数方法加以推广,用来计算不稳定晶格的电子能带。数值结果表明,本方法的收敛性很快,取到三近邻时,能带的准确度可优于1％。同时能很精确地确定不稳定性所引起的二聚化。 关键词：     

导电高聚物的微波吸收机理的研究

本文以“导电孤岛”物理模型阐明界面极化率对导电高聚物电损耗的影响。通过物理模型的数学解析表明,导电高聚物中的“导电孤岛”是导电高聚物的介电损耗的主要来源,并发现“导电孤岛”所引起的介电损耗依赖于“导电孤岛”本身的电导率、介电常数以及它的体积分数。“导电孤岛”物理模型所揭示的介电特性与实验中所观祭到的微波吸收率和导电高聚物的室温电导率有关的实验事实相符合。 关键词：     

Synthesis and study of conductivity behaviour of blended conducting polymer films irradiated with swift heavy ions of silicon

In recent times, blended polymers have shown a lot of promise in terms of easy processability in different shapes and forms. In the present work, polyaniline emeraldine base (PANi-EB) was doped with camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) and combined with the conducting polymer polyfluorene (PF) as well as the insulating polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to synthesize CSA doped PANi–PF and PANi–PVC blended polymers. It is well known that PANi when doped with CSA becomes highly conducting. However, its poor mechanical properties, such as low tensile, compressive, and flexural strength render PANi a non-ideal material to be processed for its various practical applications, such as electromagnetic shielding, anti-corrosion shielding, photolithography and microelectronic devices etc. Thus the search for polymers which are easily processable and are capable of showing high conductivity still continues.PANi–PVC blend was prepared, which showed low conductivity which is limiting factor for certain applications. Therefore, another processable polymer PF was chosen as conducting matrix. Conducting PF can be easily processed into various shapes and forms. Therefore, a blend mixture was prepared by using PANi and PF through the use of CSA as a counter ion which forms a “bridge” between the two polymeric components of the inter-polymer complex.Two blended polymers have been synthesized and investigated for their conductivity behaviour. It was observed that the blended film of CSA doped PANi–PVC showed a room temperature electrical conductivity of 2.8×10⁻⁷ S/cm where as the blended film made by CSA doped PANi with conducting polymer PF showed a room temperature conductivity of 1.3×10⁻⁵ S/cm.Blended films were irradiated with 100 MeV silicon ions with a view to increase their conductivity with a fluence ranging from 10¹¹ ions to 10¹³ per cm² from 15 UD Pelletron accelerator at NSC, New Delhi.     

功能聚合物:从薄膜器件到纳米器件

文章简要回顾了功能聚合物的发现和发展历程,着重介绍了其在发光二极管、太阳能电池、场效应晶体管、传感器件、纳米材料与器件中的应用。     

Transparent conducting hybrid thin films fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly of single-wall carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers

The effect of conducting polymers on the performance of transparent conducting SWNT thin films fabricated by the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly has been investigated. Transparent conducting SWNT thin films were fabricated by the LBL assembly in two ways, one using conducting polymers, PEDOT-PEG, and the other using non-conducting polymers, PAH, and their electrical and optical properties were compared. The sheet resistance of (PSS-SWNT/PEDOT-PEG) _n films is more than thrice lower than that of (PSS-SWNT/PAH) _n films for the same n while the decrease of optical transmittance due to the absorbance of PEDOT-PEG is fairly small (ca. 2?% at n=30). The conductivity ratio of the (PSS-SWNT/PEDOT-PEG)₃₀ is 3.3 times larger than that of the (PSS-SWNT/PAH)₃₀. These figures indicate that the performance of the transparent conducting SWNT thin films fabricated by the LBL assembly is highly improved by using conducting polymers instead of non-conducting ones.     

Conducting polymer based biomolecular electronic devices

Biomolecular electronics is rapidly evolving from physics, chemistry, biology, electronics and information technology. Organic materials such as proteins, pigments and conducting polymers have been considered as alternatives for carrying out the functions that are presently being performed by semiconductor silicon. Conducting polymers such as polypyrroles, polythiophenes and polyanilines have been projected for applications for a wide range of biomolecular electronic devices such as optical, electronic, drug-delivery, memory and biosensing devices. Our group has been actively working towards the application of conducting polymers to Schottky diodes, metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices and biosensors for the past 10 years. This paper is a review of some of the results obtained at our laboratory in the area of conducting polymer biomolecular electronics.     

A new interpretation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to measure accurate doping levels for conducting polymers: Separating Faradaic and capacitive currents

We report an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) based method to measure the doping level of conducting polymers. Using EIS the Faradaic current and the capacitive charging current can be separated without relying on any unverifiable assumptions. We demonstrate the method for three types of conducting polymer thin films that are the basis for many commercial applications (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly-3-hexylthiophene and polypyrrole).     

Novel properties of nanoscale organic–inorganic systems and photonic crystals — conducting polymers in nanoscale periodic structures,microcavities and photonic crystals

Conducting polymer/C₆₀and C₆₀doped conducting polymer/C₆₀heterojunctions have been fabricated and found to exhibit remarkably enhanced photoresponse due to the highly effective photoinduced charge transfer at the interface. In conducting polymer/C₆₀alkali metal nanoscale composite systems, multiphase superconductivity has been clarified and explained by taking the coupling of nanoscale grains by Josephson junctions into consideration. As examples of intramolecular organic-inorganic combined systems, unique electrical and optical characteristics have been revealed in oligosilanylene oligophenylene polymers. Electroluminescence has been demonstrated in organic-inorganic junction devices such as conducting polymer/porous Si and conducting polymer/diamond junctions. Conducting, polymer-based nanoscale multilayer systems have been studied utilizing molecular self-assembly method and novel photosensitive characteristics have been revealed. \indent Novel optical and electrical properties of conducting polymers infiltrated in a photonic crystal, synthetic opal made of SiO₂spheres of several hundred nm in diameter, and also a conducting polymer replica have been revealed. A clear diffraction pattern was observed in a photonic crystal infiltrated with conducting polymers, and transmission spectra are dependent on various ambient conditions. Their photoluminescence (PL) spectra, spectral narrowing of PL and lasing characteristics at relatively low optical excitation have also been clarified. Novel conducting characteristics of conducting polymers in a photonic crystal that was prepared by pyrolysis of a polymer replica of opal have also been observed.