无线传感器网络的分布扩散时钟自同步协议研究

针对大规模无线传感器网络同步协议的精度较低、可扩展性差的问题,提出一种分布式扩散时钟自同步协议(DDCSS);DDCSS是一个局部、并行执行的协议,基于分布式扩散的思想,以节点能量、分布和平均传输时延为依据,每轮动态地选取执行局部扩散的一组主节点和扩散节点,把主节点域内的节点平均时钟扩散有限的跳数,周围节点以接收的所有主节点域平均时钟取平均更新本地时钟,采用互扩散的方法使节点时钟近似同步到网络节点的平均时钟上,从而实现全网的时间同步;与RBS、TPSN协议相比较,该协议收敛速度较快,另外消除了误差累积,同步误差较低,扩展性较好。     

EtherCAT时钟同步技术研究

EtherCAT是一种实时工业以太网协议;基于EtherCAT实时性强的特点,重点研究了EtherCAT分布时钟机制,并提出了在嵌入式设备上基于实时操作系统μC/OS II完成主站设计的方案;通过分析传输延时补偿、初始偏移补偿、动态漂移补偿等时钟同步过程,完成了对主站系统时钟同步技术的设计;基于环形冗余结构搭建了一主三从的EtherCAT测试系统,并通过计算机、示波器等设备采集得到从站间产生SYNC0信号的时间差值数据;最后,根据SYNC0周期为1 ms的数据,分析得到系统时钟误差维持在55 ns以内的同步性能,为时钟同步技术的理论研究提供了数据支持。     

基于PTP的多节点微震数据同步采集技术研究

为了同步微震监测系统中各分布式采集节点时钟和提高其精度,提出一种基于PTP(precision time protocol)时钟协议的微震数据同步采集设计方案。该方案将计算机时钟作为系统主时钟,以STM32为处理器,IP178CH为网卡驱动设计时钟分配器,并在其中植入PTP时钟协议,然后通过时钟分配器向网络中各采集节点周期性发送同步信号,最后通过时间偏差和网络延迟时间对每个节点的RTC时钟进行校准,使其与主时钟保持一致,从而实现了节点数据同步采集,其时钟同步精度达到了μs级。     

嵌入式Linux设备的高精度IEEE 1588时钟同步实现

IEEE 1588时钟同步协议用于解决分布式网络测控系统中远距离仪器设备之间的同步问题;在分析IEEE 1588时钟同步实现原理的基础上,提出一种嵌入式Linux设备的高精度IEEE 1588时钟同步实现方案;采用专用PHY芯片DP83640在物理层为PTP报文加盖硬件时间戳,设计网络设备驱动与PTP硬件时钟控制驱动,并在用户层利用Linux系统标准API实现IEEE 1588协议软件;实验结果表明,两台设备直接相连时,时钟同步精度可稳定在±100 ns以内。     

基于IEEE1588协议时钟同步精度影响因素的研究

随着分布式测试技术的快速发展,对地理位置分散的测试设备协同完成测试任务的需求也越来越大,而设备之间的时钟同步精度成为制约测试效果的关键因素;为了对时钟同步精度的影响因素进行研究,提出了基于IEEE1588协议的网络时钟同步实现方案;首先对IEEE1588基本原理进行分析,然后提出了IEEE1588协议的实现方案,最后搭建实验平台对影响同步精度的因素进行研究;研究结果表明,同步间隔和网络拓扑结构影响时钟同步精度的两个主要因素。     

基于EPL的openSAFETY平台构架设计

随着现场总线与可编程控制系统的发展,工业领域的自动控制系统对于安全相关设备和安全网络协议的需求正在不断扩大。然而,由于工业以太网的技术飞速进步,传统的安全协议已经不再适用复杂的实时以太网通讯环境。文章研究了开源实时以太网功能安全协议openSAFETY,在实现工业以太网协议Ethernet POWERLINK(EPL)的基础上设计了openSAEFTY的站点的ARM-FPGA通用平台架构,提出了具体的硬件软件解决方案,为进一步研究工业以太网功能安全协议打下基础。     

船舶电力系统时钟同步及改进技术研究

为了提高船舶电力系统时钟同步精度,减少由于测试时间基准不同带来的误差,提出了一种新的船舶综合平台时钟同步方案;利用PTP同步报文中时间戳的精确值于每周期利用偏差对从时钟进行修正的同时,将多周期的时钟漂移进行综合,改进同步精度;利用Matlab进行时钟误差建模,进行算法改进及硬件验证;仿真和测试结果表明,该算法能够在IEEE1588同步方案的基础上将同步精度进一步提升至60 ns左右,在不改变以太网同步策略的基础上进一步改进同步精度,具有重大的研究价值和工程实践意义。     

无线自组织网络时钟同步系统设计研究

根据在时钟同步方面(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)无线传感器网络和自组织网络具有的相似属性,WSN时钟同步方法可以运用到自组织网络当中。由于影响时钟同步的要素很多,存在抗干扰性弱、同步精度差等问题。根据主从同步的特点,运用脉冲位置测量法,无线传感器与网络时钟之间的关系,构建出一套相对完整的无线自组织网络时钟同步系统,并通过实验成功实现网络时钟数据的同步。     

基于DSP的时间触发总线设计与实现

网络通信系统是现代航空电子系统以及其他分布式实时容错系统的中枢,基于时间触发架构的网络通信系统是一个重要的发展方向。首先对于TTP/C协议的基本架构以及上电群启动过程,全局时钟同步,容错策略等关键技术进行介绍,然后提出一种基于TTP的时间触发总线协议,并基于DSP实现协议控制器进行时间触发通讯。结果表明时间触发总线具有良好的时间确定性,容错特性以及较高的总线利用率,适用于航空,铁路,汽车等安全关键系统的底层网络通信。     

分布式无线地震数据采集同步技术研究

针对目前分布式无线地震数据采集中由于采集节点增多、无线传输延时等因素导致的各采集节点间数据采集同步精度不高的问题,研究并设计了一种针对分布式无线数据同步采集中各个节点同步授时以及对采集数据包进行精确时间标记的方案。采用GPS(Global Positioning System)授时技术对各个采集节点时钟进行授时,同时利用GPS精准的秒脉冲对本地压控晶振器频率误差进行实时修正。采用在地震采集数据包中加入精确的时间戳信息的方法,保证了各个节点间同步误差限制在0.1ms以内。即使在GPS失效的情况下,压控晶振器和计数器联合作用仍可保证各节点同步采集稳定工作6小时。     

On the synchronization of a class of chaotic systems based on backstepping method

This Letter focuses on the synchronization problem of a class of chaotic systems. A synchronization method is presented based on Lyapunov method and backstepping method. Finally some typical numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Synchronized clock multiplication through optical subharmonic injection locking of an optoelectronic oscillator

We propose a remote synchronization scheme based on optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) and external modulators. Synchronized clock multiplication is demonstrated by using optical subharmonic injection locking technique. A 10-GHz slave OEO was successfully synchronized by 2.5-GHz/Gbps injecting optical clock pulse train, return-to-zero (RZ) signal and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signal, respectively. The synchronization scheme is advantageous since it does not require strong nonlinearity presented in the master signal, and is capable of generating electrical and optical clock with small add-on phase noise.     

Synchronization criterion for Lur'e type complex dynamical networks with time-varying delay

In this Letter, the synchronization problem for a class of complex dynamical networks in which every identical node is a Lur'e system with time-varying delay is considered. A delay-dependent synchronization criterion is derived for the synchronization of complex dynamical network that represented by Lur'e system with sector restricted nonlinearities. The derived criterion is a sufficient condition for absolute stability of error dynamics between the each nodes and the isolated node. Using a convex representation of the nonlinearity for error dynamics, the stability condition based on the discretized Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is obtained via LMI formulation. The proposed delay-dependent synchronization criterion is less conservative than the existing ones. The effectiveness of our work is verified through numerical examples.     

Subordination to periodic processes and synchronization

We study the subordination to a process that is periodic in the natural time scale, and equivalent to a clock with N states. The rationale for this investigation is given by a set of many interacting clocks with N states. The natural time scale representation corresponds to the dynamics of an individual clock with no interaction with the other clocks of this set. We argue that the cooperation among the clocks of this set has the effect of generating a global clock, whose times of sojourn in each of its N states are described by a distribution density with an inverse power law form and power index μ<2. This is equivalent to extending the widely used subordination method from fluctuation-dissipation processes to periodic processes, thereby raising the question of whether special conditions exist of perfect synchronization, signaled by regular oscillations, and especially by oscillations with no damping. We study first the case of a Poisson subordination function. We show that in spite of the random nature of the subordination method the procedure has the effect of creating damped oscillations, whose damping vanishes in the limiting case of N?1, thereby suggesting a condition of perfect synchronization in this limit. The Bateman’s mathematical arguments [H. Bateman, Higher Transcendental Functions, vol. III, Robert K Krieger, Publishing Company, Inc. Krim.Fr. Drive Malabar, FL; Copyright 1953 by McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.] indicate that the condition of perfect synchronization is possible also in the non-Poisson case, with μ<2, although it may lie beyond the range of computer simulation. To make the theoretical predictions accessible to numerical simulation, we use a subordination function whose survival probability is a Mittag-Leffler exponential function. This method prevents us from directly establishing the macroscopic coherence emerging from μ=2, which generates a perfect form of 1/f noise. However, it affords indirect evidence that perfect synchronization signaled by undamped regular oscillations may be produced in this case. Furthermore, we explore a condition characterized by an excellent agreement between theory and numerical simulation, where the long-time region relaxation, with a perfect inverse power law decay, emerging from the subordination to ordinary fluctuation-dissipation processes, is replaced by exponentially damped regular oscillations.     

Analyzing and controlling the network synchronization regions

In this paper, the commonly concerned issue of synchronization regions of complex dynamical networks is investigated, for the case when the synchronous state is an equilibrium point. Some simple sufficient conditions for a network to have or have no unbounded synchronization regions of the form (-∞,α₁) are established, where α₁ is a constant. In addition, a sufficient condition for the existence of a bounded synchronization region of the form (α₂,α₃) is derived, where α₂ and α₃ are constants, by using the parameter-dependent Lyapunov function method. Furthermore, some effective controller design methods are presented that can change the synchronization regions, thereby managing the synchronizability of the network. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show that a dynamical network may have disconnected synchronization regions, particularly it may have the coexistence of unbounded and bounded synchronization regions in the form of (-∞,α₁)∪(α₂,α₃).     

Synchronization analysis of delayed complex networks via adaptive time-varying coupling strengths

In this Letter, we study the synchronization for delayed complex networks by adjusting time-varying coupling strengths. Under some assumptions, the update laws of the coupling strengths are obtained to realize the synchronization based on Lassalle-Yoshizawa theorem. For the given delayed complex network, we can always find appropriate coupling strengths to achieve the synchronization. Compared with the existing results, the update laws don't need the information of the characteristics of the identical node and the coupling matrix. The state-dependencies of coupling strengths coupled to the dynamics of the nodes in a way to enhance synchronization. An example shows the proposed theoretical result is feasible and effective.     

Observer-based synchronization in complex dynamical networks with nonsymmetric coupling

Based on a general complex dynamical network model with nonsymmetric coupling, some criteria for synchronization are proposed based on the approach of state observer design. Unlike the nonobserver-based dynamical networks, where the coupling between two connected nodes is defined by an inner coupling matrix and full state coupling is typically needed, in this paper, smaller amount of coupling variables or even only a scalar output signal of each node is needed to synchronize the network. Unlike the commonly researched complex network model, where the coupling between nodes is symmetric, here, in our network model, the coupling configuration matrix is not assumed to be symmetric and may have complex eigenvalues. The matrix Jordan canonical formalization method is used instead of the matrix diagonalization method, so in our synchronization criteria, the coupling configuration matrix is not required to be diagonalizable. Especially, the proposed step-by-step approach is simpler in computation than the existent ones, which usually rely heavily on numerical toolbox, and may be done by hand completely. An example is given to illustrate the step-by-step approach, in which each node is a two-dimensional dynamical limit cycle oscillator system consisting of a two-cell cellular neural network, and numerical simulations are also done to verify the results of design.     

Isochronal synchronization in networks and chaos-based TDMA communication

Pairs of delay-coupled chaotic systems were shown to be able to achieve isochronal synchronization under bidirectional coupling and self-feedback. Such identical-in-time behavior was demonstrated to be stable under a set of conditions and to support simultaneous bidirectional communication between pairs of chaotic oscillators coupled with time-delay. More recently, it was shown that isochronal synchronization can emerge in networks with several hundreds of oscillators, which allows its exploitation for communication in distributed systems. In this paper, we introduce a conceptual framework for the application of isochronal synchronization to TDMA communication in networks of delay-coupled chaotic oscillators. On the basis of the stable and identical-in-time behavior of delay-coupled chaotic systems, the chaotic dynamics of distributed oscillators is used to support and sustain coordinate communication among nodes over the network. On the basis of the unique features of chaotic systems in isochronal synchronization, the chaotic signals are used to timestamp clock readings at the physical layer such that logical clock synchronization among the nodes (a prerequisite for TDMA) can be exploited using the same basic structure. The result is a standalone network communication scheme that can be advantageously applied in the context of ad-hoc networks or alike, especially short-ranged ones that yield low values of time-delay. As explored to its depths in practical implementations, this conceptual framework is argued to have potential to provide gain in simplicity, security and efficiency in communication schemes for autonomous/standalone network applications.     

多重边融合复杂动态网络的自适应同步

基于网络拆分的思想对多重边融合复杂动态网络局部和全局的自适应同步进行了研究.通过给出严格的数学定义及假设,运用Lyapunov稳定理论得出了网络局部和全局的同步准则,给出了更为简单的网络同步的控制器.最后以Lorenz 系统为例进行数值仿真,验证了结论的正确性和有效性. 关键词： 多重边融合复杂动态网络 自适应同步 网络拆分 时滞