Z箍缩等离子体内爆实验金属丝阵负载优化设计分析

金属丝阵Z箍缩(Z-pinch)内爆是产生强x射线辐射的重要方法之一.在一定脉冲功率加速器条件下，金属丝阵质量和丝阵半径的选择决定了Z-pinch内爆等离子体辐射产额的大小.采用薄壳模型计算了不同丝阵质量、不同丝阵半径、不同粗细和不同材料金属丝构成的丝阵的内爆时间、内爆轨迹、内爆速度，以及最大动能和动能转换率，综合分析了丝间隙、内爆时间、动能转换率与丝阵质量和丝阵半径的关系，给出了在一定负载驱动电流条件下，金属丝阵的最佳参数.分析表明计算结果与实验上观察得到的内爆规律一致. 关键词： Z-pinch内爆等离子体 金属丝阵负载 薄壳模型     

全浸水带间隙发射高速射弹的入水冲击载荷分析

全浸水带间隙发射方式可以将发射环境由水介质转化为气体介质。为了研究高速射弹在此条件下的入水冲击载荷,建立了射弹入水冲击载荷的理论模型。针对射弹在入水速度、头部锥角和入水攻角不同情况下的入水冲击载荷进行了计算,分析了入水速度、射弹头部参数和入水攻角对冲击载荷的影响。研究结果对全水下高速射弹入水冲击载荷的预测和射弹头部结构的设计具有重要意义。     

“阳”加速器丝阵负载内爆数值模拟

基于描述Saturn装置的ZORK模型,使用Pspice语言建立了适用于阳加速器计算使用的金属丝阵负载模型并进行了相关计算,经过数值模拟与阳加速器1050#,1043#等相关实验结果的对比,验证了驱动电路与相关模型设计的正确性,并对计算结果进行了讨论,给出了此负载模型的适用性分析。使用计算得到的阳1050#加载电流曲线,进行了1维磁流体力学计算,给出内爆时间、辐射功率峰等相关参数。     

基于聚龙一号装置的超高速飞片发射实验研究进展

磁驱动加载技术通过脉冲功率源将超大脉冲电流加载到实验负载区,从而形成随时间平滑上升的磁压力,实现对样品的准等熵压缩和超高速飞片发射.本文基于聚龙一号装置的输出特性参数,依次从负载结构、电极尺寸、电流波形和诊断系统等方面,分别设计完成了两种负载构型的超高速飞片发射实验.其中应用单侧带状负载发射尺寸Φ10 mm×0.725 mm的LY12铝飞片速度达到11.5 km/s,磁驱动加载压力近0.9 Mbar.比较模拟计算与实验结果,飞片发射过程和最终速度基本一致.而进一步的模拟计算表明,优化的负载结构尺寸和电流波形调节方案下,将有望发射尺寸Φ8.5 mm×1 mm的铝飞片速度超过15 km/s.从模拟设计到实验开展,已初步掌握了基于多支路脉冲功率发生器的超高速飞片发射实验技术.     

Modeling and Performance Optimization of an Irreversible Two-Stage Combined Thermal Brownian Heat Engine

Based on finite time thermodynamics, an irreversible combined thermal Brownian heat engine model is established in this paper. The model consists of two thermal Brownian heat engines which are operating in tandem with thermal contact with three heat reservoirs. The rates of heat transfer are finite between the heat engine and the reservoir. Considering the heat leakage and the losses caused by kinetic energy change of particles, the formulas of steady current, power output and efficiency are derived. The power output and efficiency of combined heat engine are smaller than that of single heat engine operating between reservoirs with same temperatures. When the potential filed is free from external load, the effects of asymmetry of the potential, barrier height and heat leakage on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. When the potential field is free from external load, the effects of basic design parameters on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. The optimal power and efficiency are obtained by optimizing the barrier heights of two heat engines. The optimal working regions are obtained. There is optimal temperature ratio which maximize the overall power output or efficiency. When the potential filed is subjected to external load, effect of external load is analyzed. The steady current decreases versus external load; the power output and efficiency are monotonically increasing versus external load.     

反作用控制系统电磁阀PWM控制技术研究

针对反作用控制系统（Reaction Control System,RCS）快速响应电磁阀频繁工作的特性,从节能控制的角度出发,设计了一种基于脉宽调制（Pulse Width Modulation,PWM）技术的电磁阀控制驱动方案。建立电磁阀电路模型,通过仿真计算,确定了PWM频率及占空比对电磁阀线圈电流的影响,为电磁阀驱动电路参数的选取提供依据。搭建RCS电磁阀电流测试平台,设定PWM占空比为50%,试验结果表明：流经电磁阀的保持电流仅为开启电流的1/2,既能保证电磁阀正常开启,又避免了电磁阀处于高负载工作状态,有效地验证了该节能控制方案的正确性。     

Z箍缩丝阵负载参数的优化设计

 以俄罗斯S-300 Z-pinch 装置的负载电流波形为基准，利用Z箍缩的质点模型对钨丝阵负载的初始半径和线质量进行了系统的优化计算，得到了不同电流幅值的电流波形所对应的优化丝阵负载参数。发现了负载最大内爆动能与负载电流幅值的平方成正比关系。电流上升时间对最优丝阵负载参数的影响的计算表明，随着负载电流上升时间的增大，负载的最优线质量也要增大。     

聚龙一号电磁脉冲形成与传输过程的全电路模拟北大核心CSCD

为研究聚龙一号驱动器内部电磁脉冲的形成与传输规律,优化调节其运行状态,获得满足负载设计需求的电流波形,建立了描述驱动器各关键部件充放电过程的全电路数值模拟程序。该程序与负载动力学程序耦合模拟,能够在一定范围内得到与实验结果符合较好的电压和电流波形。在典型的丝阵Z箍缩实验条件下,模拟分析了各段水介质传输线上电磁脉冲宽度逐级压缩,功率逐级放大的过程,驱动器充压65kV时,大约1MJ的电磁能量传输到绝缘堆位置。在典型的磁驱动准等熵压缩实验条件下,模拟分析了激光触发气体开关对驱动器24路模块分时放电的控制过程,模拟的O121发实验负载区电流上升时间（0～100％）为450FIS、峰值约6MA。     

Start-up phase plasma discharge design of a tokamak via control parameterization method

The tokamak start-up is a very important phase during the process to obtain a suitable equalizing plasma, and its governing model can be described as a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs). In this paper, we first estimate the parameters in the original model and set up an accurate model to express how the variables change during the start-up phase, especially how the plasma current changes with respect to time and the loop voltage. Then, we apply the control parameterization method to obtain an approximate optimal parameters selection problem for the loop voltage design to achieve a desired plasma current target. Computational optimal control techniques such as the variational method and the costate method are employed to solve the problem, respectively. Finally, numerical simulations are performed and the results obtained via different methods are compared. Our numerical parameterization method and optimization procedure turn out to be effective.     

大电流窄脉宽LD脉冲驱动电源研究

基于三维激光成像雷达成像性能的需求,设计了一款应用于其发射系统的半导体激光器脉冲驱动电源。在对驱动电路模型理论分析的基础上,选取了RF高速功率开关,并运用PSPICE工具对驱动电路进行了仿真分析,设计出了一款峰值电流可达30A,上升沿小于2ns,脉宽小于6ns,重复频率15kHz的LD脉冲驱动电源。该设计满足激光成像雷达发射系统的技术指标要求。     

“强光一号”装置上部分Z箍缩实验结果的物理分析

从原子的电离能和维持等离子体所需能量出发，给出了估算任一元素材料，要产生任一壳层的X射线辐射，每个离子(原子)所需要的基本能量和要达到的内爆箍缩速度的方法.对“强光一号”加速器上典型的氪喷气和部分钨丝阵Z箍缩实验的电流和电压波形所蕴涵的丰富物理信息进行了分析，得到了电感和洛伦兹(Lorentz)力做功等物理量的变化规律以及负载参数变化对它们的影响.该电感与基于壳层模型计算出的电感有较大的差异.前者随箍缩开始而缓慢增大，甚至在箍缩到心和飞散后还在增大，最后大致稳定在100 nH附近.差异可能是由于壳层模型过于简化和电流电压的测点同负载有一定的距离而造成的.当丝阵直径为8 mm时，洛伦兹力做功最大；当丝阵直径相同时，丝数较大时，洛伦兹力做功也较大.同时还对该加速器的喷气和丝阵负载的线质量进行了优化，表明也是直径为8 mm的钨丝阵为最佳负载，这同实验的优化结果也一致.     

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采用多层线圈并联,每层多匝的结构设计出ITER假负载。通过ANSYS建立该线圈的结构模型,对额定电流7.75kA连续运行和68kA脉冲电流运行两种模式下进行了动力学稳定性和热稳定性分析。分析结果验证了该线圈结构的假负载的设计合理性,为其进一步的优化设计奠定了基础。     

基于粒子群优化的自适应模糊制冷控制算法

为解决空间斯特林制冷机和探测器热负载不确定及存在变化的问题,提出了自适应模糊PID制冷控制。在空间环境中使用的斯特林制冷机参数会随着时间的变化而发生改变,探测器负载也会随着工作模式和工作时间的变化而变化,整个制冷系统涉及的变量多,参数非线性。采用传统的控制方法,在固定的单一条件、环境下得到的控制参数,环境和负载发生变化后容易性能变差甚至不稳定,控制精度和稳定性不能满足使用要求。设计了一种自适应斯特林制冷机控制器,通过综合自适应模糊PID控制的方法,采用粒子群优化算法调整控制参数以减小代价函数。通过仿真和试验验证算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

一种脉冲电流工况下晶闸管缓冲电路的优化方法

对脉冲工况下超导磁体失超保护系统的晶闸管阀组缓冲回路参数进行设计和优化。基于晶闸管反向恢复电流的指数衰减模型建立了晶闸管关断时刻的电流数学模型。通过测试实验获得关键参数之间的关系并结合晶闸管性能及系统要求在Matlab中建立晶闸管电流反向恢复模型。考虑关断时刻电流下降率、反向恢复电压峰值等性能指标要求及回路研制费用,提出了一种脉冲工况下晶闸管缓冲回路的参数设计及优化方法。在Matlab中搭建失超保护系统模型,对比优化前后缓冲回路对系统在晶闸管关断时刻电气性能的影响,仿真结果显示,相比于原参数,最优参数下,反向恢复电压峰值降低了11%,反向恢复电压变化率峰值降低了43%。同时,回路制造成本降低为原先的1/7。     

等离子体断路开关和电感负载间的功率流特性

利用PIC (particle-in-cell) 方法，结合实验装置的几何结构和实验结果，采用动态开关模型，对微秒等离子体断路开关和电感负载间的功率流特性进行了研究。模拟得到了与实验结果符合较好的开关电压和负载电流波形，并给出了开关下游出现的稀薄等离子体的密度(约1012 cm-3)和速度(约1 cm/ns), 同时也得到了开关下游的空间电流分布。模拟结果表明，开关下游的结构应避免阻抗突变以减少电流损失，同时提高开关阻抗可有利于提高负载上的最大功率。     

A mobile test facility based on a magnetic cumulative generator to study the stability of the power plants under impact of lightning currents

The report presents the results of the development and field testing of a mobile test facility based on a helical magnetic cumulative generator (MCGTF). The system is designed for full-scale modeling of lightning currents to study the safety of power plants of any type, including nuclear power plants. Advanced technologies of high-energy physics for solving both engineering and applied problems underlie this pilot project. The energy from the magnetic cumulative generator (MCG) is transferred to a high-impedance load with high efficiency of more than 50% using pulse transformer coupling. Modeling of the dynamics of the MEG that operates in a circuit with lumped parameters allows one to apply the law of inductance output during operation of the MCG, thus providing the required front of the current pulse in the load without using any switches. The results of field testing of the MCGTF are presented for both the ground loop and the model load. The ground loop generates a load resistance of 2–4 Ω. In the tests, the ohmic resistance of the model load is 10 Ω. It is shown that the current pulse parameters recorded in the resistive-inductive load are close to the calculated values.     

Design of an optimal shock-damping isolator with application to casters

Design of an optimal shock-damping isolator is presented in this paper with specific application to casters. The design is first formulated as an optimization problem to minimize the peak acceleration of a load while keeping the maximal deflection of the isolator within a specified physical limit. The resulting solution is a constant force isolator. However, it is difficult to realize a constant force isolator with conventional mechanisms using linear springs and dampers. To implement such an isolator physically, a novel mechanism employing multiple linear springs has been developed. The structure and the parameters of the springs have been chosen by optimization techniques, and the resulting mechanism has been embodied in a prototype caster design. This paper presents the concept, design procedure, simulation and experimental evaluation results of a prototype optimal shock-damping caster in detail. The peak acceleration of this new design is only 65% of the existing caster. From a manufacturing point of view, this newly designed caster is not much more complex than existing ones.     

微型磁探针在Z箍缩负载电流诊断中的应用

介绍了磁探针测量等离子体电流的设计原理,针对Z箍缩实验负载的实际结构特点和现场布局,制作出应用于诊断脉冲功率装置Z箍缩实验负载通过电流的微型磁探针,并通过建立相同结构尺寸的模拟负载装置的方法,实现了对其灵敏度的标定。实验结果显示:在脉冲功率装置峰值电流1.2MA、电流上升时间60ns时,由微型磁探针测得的负载电流与加速器监测电流存在12%的幅度差异,电流峰值时刻存在5ns的差异,说明微型磁探针技术测量Z箍缩负载电流的结果是可靠的。     

Numerical simulations for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system

We present a systematic numerical design and performance study of an ultra-broadband noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (NOPCPA) system. Using a split-step Fourier approach, we model a three-stage amplifier system which is designed for the generation of 7 fs pulses with multi-terawatt peak intensity. The numerical results are compared with recent experimental data. Several important aspects and design parameters specific to NOPCPA are identified, and the values of these parameters required to achieve optimal working conditions are investigated. We identify and analyze wavelength-dependent gain saturation effects, which are specific to NOPCPA and have a strong influence on the parametric amplification process. PACS 42.65.Yj; 42.65.Re     

一种调节Marx电源脉冲边沿的驱动电路北大核心CSCD

为了调节固态Marx发生器输出脉冲的边沿,提出了一种新型的的驱动电路,该方案通过调整充放电管的驱动电压,结合驱动电路的硬件结构,调节米勒平台时间,进而调整充放电管开通速度,实现了对于高压输出脉冲的边沿调节,其结构简单,不需要每级独立的控制信号。对于该电路中驱动电压和开关管开通速度的关系建立了模型进行了推导。结合理论分析结果设计了驱动电路的参数,仿真结果表明该驱动电路能够调节输出脉冲边沿。搭建带有设计参数下驱动电路的固态Marx发生器在容性负载下和阻性负载下进行了实验验证。利用该方案实现了对于6级Marx电路的3.6 kV输出脉冲在55~7.7μs的边沿调节,验证了该方案的可行性,并对比分析了不同阻性负载对于脉冲边沿造成的影响。实验结果表明:该电路在提高固态脉冲电源的边沿调节性能方面有独特的优势。