双频氦氖激光回馈位移测量系统的实验与应用研究

研究了一种全新的纳米尺度位移测量系统。将双折射元件插入He-Ne激光器谐振腔内产生频率分裂效应，使原本单模谐振的激光器输出变成了频差可调的2个正交偏振频率（o光和e光），而形成双频激光器。在激光谐振腔外放置沿激光轴线位移的反射表面，将输出的激光束反射回腔内，以便对激光的光强进行调制，可实现高分辨率非接触式可判向位移测量。提出了一种细分方法，该方法突破了传统干涉系统的衍射极限（1/2波长）。对于633nm波长He-Ne激光，本系统的理想分辨率为1/8波长（约为79nm）。     

基于猫眼谐振腔激光器的激光基本特性综合实验系统

基于猫眼谐振腔结构的He-Ne激光器,设计了激光基本特性综合实验系统. 使用该系统可以同时实现激光基横模与高阶横模观察、纵模观察、频率分裂及模竞争实验的演示.     

猫眼腔激光器的横模变换与频率分裂

为了产生多种激光横模,以前的系统相对比较复杂,而且一般只能产生基横模和低阶横模,很难产生高阶横模,同时也很难观察到模竞争中一个频率抑制另一个频率的变化过程。基于猫眼谐振腔激光器和频率分裂技术,提出了一种新型的激光原理综合实验系统。该系统利用猫眼逆向器作为He-Ne激光器的一个腔镜,通过调节猫眼逆向器中两镜片间距可输出包括基横模、低阶横模、高阶横模在内的十余种典型横模,并可完成纵模、偏振、出光带宽等多种激光基本特性的实验。同时在基横模状态下,利用谐振腔内加入的石英晶体片可实现激光频率分裂及其频差调节。在此基础上又可实现完整的模竞争过程的观察。     

Zeeman双频激光器频率分裂与纵模间隔变动一致性分析

激光谐振腔内相位各向异性会引起频率分裂,两分裂模的频差大小由表现出的相位延迟所决定.对于腔内相位延迟较小的He-Ne激光器,两分裂模很接近,处于烧孔重叠区,存在模式竞争而不能同时振荡,形成隐频率分裂.同时,使得激光器两正交偏振方向上的相邻级纵模产生固定的变动量,其大小等于隐频率分裂量的2倍.如果沿激光偏振方向施加横向磁场,Ne原子谱线发生横向Zeeman分裂,增益原子分成两群,分别为平行于磁场和垂直于磁场方向偏振的光提供增益,大大减弱模竞争,使得激光器的两分裂模可同时振荡并测得频差.在谐振腔内放入倾斜的石英晶体片或半波片,由两种方法分别测量频率分裂量并进行比较.实验表明两种方法测量的结果均与理论计算相符,平均相对偏差不超过1%.据此可以准确得到Zeeman双频激光器的频差大小,并为半波片测量提供了新方法.     

双纵模He-Ne激光器的拍频稳定度分析

对He-Ne双纵模激光器中两纵模的拍频稳定度进行了讨论.理论上分析了影响双纵模激光拍频稳定度的因素,推导出在考虑了频率牵引效应后双纵模的拍频稳定度和单模频率稳定度之间的关系.计算结果表明对于632.8 nm波长的He-Ne激光器,当频率牵引参量σ1为10-3时,双纵模的拍频稳定度约为其中任一单纵模频率稳定度的1000倍.实验证明当单纵模频率稳定度为1×10-9时,其拍频稳定度为3.3X10-6.     

面向Li原子D1线频率测量应用的掺铒飞秒光纤光梳系统

报道了自主研制的面向Li原子D1线频率测量应用的掺铒飞秒光纤光学频率梳,包括飞秒激光源,频率探测及控制单元,光谱展宽及拍频单元.光纤光梳系统中飞秒激光光源是一套基于非线性偏振旋转锁模机制的掺铒飞秒光纤激光器,重复频率为196.5MHz,中心波长为1 572nm.利用f-2f法探测载波包络相移频率,获得信噪比约为40dB的信号(分辨率带宽300kHz).改变飞秒激光光源泵浦控制载波包络相移频率、频率稳定度是3.74×10-18/τ1/2;通过电光晶体和压电陶瓷改变飞秒激光光源腔长来控制重复频率frep、频率稳定度是1.75×10-13/τ1/2.利用高非线性光纤和倍频晶体将光纤光梳直接输出光谱由1 520～1 607nm扩展到671nm,获得了单模功率为208nW的光信号.与671nm单频激光拍频产生约为60dB(分辨率带宽1Hz)信号,满足Li原子D1线频率测量实验的需求.     

超短脉冲掺Yb3+光纤激光器实验研究

报道了掺Yb3+光纤激光器产生超短脉冲的实验研究超短脉冲激光器抽运源采用波长为976 nm的半导体激光器,采用非线性偏振旋转相加脉冲锁模技术,通过调节偏振控制器的方向,实现了掺Yb3+光纤激光器的稳定锁模输出,获得了最大输出功率为7.02 mW,脉冲激光光谱宽度为6 nm,重复频率为13.7 MHz.     

非线性放大环形镜“8”字腔光纤激光器实验研究

使用976 nm半导体激光器作为抽运源,对利用非线性放大环形镜（NALM）锁模运行的掺Yb3+光纤激光器进行了实验研究,获得了脉冲宽度43.6 ps,中心波长为1053.3 nm的锁模脉冲激光输出, 光谱宽度8 nm, 输出功率为0.2 mW, 重复频率为18.2 MHz, 经过放大, 通过光栅对腔外色散补偿,在腔外产生了宽度616 fs的脉冲激光.     

用于原子能级结构研究的激光共振电离光谱系统

激光共振电离光谱技术是一种利用一路或多路激光将待测原子选择性共振激发与电离,通过测量离子信号来研究原子能级结构的光谱技术。研建了一套激光共振电离光谱装置,用于原子高激发态能级结构参数的测量。分别从该装置的总体结构、关键技术和应用实例等方面进行了详细介绍。该套装置主要包括高调谐精度的染料激光器系统、高效的激光离子源系统和高分辨率的飞行时间质量分析器。染料激光器系统包括3台多纵模可调谐染料激光器和1台单纵模可调谐染料激光器,均为脉冲工作方式,重复频率为10 kHz,泵浦源均为532 nm的Nd∶YAG固体激光器。激光离子源系统包括原子化源、激光与原子相互作用区和离子光学透镜组三部分组成,样品在原子化源中被电加热实现原子化,喷射出的原子被激光选择性激发、电离,产生的离子被离子传输透镜整形成能量分散小、束窄的离子束。飞行时间质量分析器采用了反射式结构设计、脉冲垂直推斥技术和偏转板调节技术。利用此装置,实验测定了U原子的自电离态光谱,获得了U原子一条较佳的三色三光子共振电离路径,对应激光的波长分别为591.7,565.0和632.4 nm。此系统还可用于测量同位素位移和原子超精细结构等参数。另外,由于此系统中联用了质量分析器,因此可用于样品多元素分析、痕量元素分析、同位素丰度分析。     

Nd:YVO4自受激拉曼激光器调Q锁模特性

利用Nd:YVO4激光晶体的自受激拉曼效应,结合Cr:YAG被动锁模技术和倍频技术,实现了结构紧凑的1176 nm和588 nm黄光锁模激光输出。激光器为LD端面泵浦,三镜折叠腔结构,并且采用了透过率为10%的输出镜。Nd:YVO4晶体长度为10 mm,Nd3+离子掺杂质量分数为0.2%,Cr:YAG晶体的初始透过率为67%。10 W激光泵浦时,1176 nm激光平均输出功率为123 mW,调Q包络宽度为6 ns,调Q包络内的锁模脉冲重复频率高达1 GHz。588.2 nm 黄光的平均输出功率为8 mW。     

Principles and realization of a novel instrument for high performance displacement measurement—nanometer laser ruler

This paper introduces a novel instrument for displacement measurement—a nanometer laser ruler, in which some special concepts of laser physics are utilized, such as orthogonal polarization of laser modes, mode competition, power tuning and the law that changes of λ/2 in cavity length means the variation of one longitudinal mode spacing in frequency. Besides having a simple structure, the ruler has high resolution (79 nm), large measuring range (12 mm), and excellent linearity (5×10⁻⁵). The laser is the ruler itself. It can be applied to various fields. The way to implement the ruler is also introduced. In the end, some errors of the ruler are discussed.     

Intermittent frequency offset lock of a symmetric three-mode stabilized He-Ne laser to an iodine stabilized He-Ne laser

There is a need for an intense, unmodulated single-frequency stabilized laser light that guarantees absolute optical frequency in a rapid laser calibration or an ultra-high resolution interferometer. To obtain such a light, we developed a new laser system that uses an intermittent frequency offset lock of a symmetric three-mode stabilized He-Ne laser to an iodine stabilized He-Ne laser. The proposed laser system provides two operational modes: (1) independent and (2) slave mode. In the independent mode, frequency of the three-mode laser is stabilized via control of frequency difference between two intermode beats. The resultant output is a single longitudinal mode light of maximum intensity that locates at the top of the gain curve. Frequency instability of 8X10^-12 (at a sampling time of 100 s) which is better than conventional stabilized lasers is attained in the independent mode. Slow optical frequency drift during the independent mode is periodically corrected by the offset lock to the iodine stabilized laser (slave mode), resulting in accurate reset of the frequency drift. After reset of the frequency deviation, the three-mode laser is again operated in the independent mode. Due to such intermittent offset lock, duty factor of the iodine stabilized laser was reduced to a few % of continuous operation.     

可调波长半导体激光法布里-珀罗干涉仪

为了对激光十涉仪、高精度位移传感器等测量系统进行纳米级精度的非线性误差校准,需进一步提高中国计量科学研究院与清华大学合作研制的差拍F-P 干涉仪的线性度、稳定性及测量范围.在合理分析空气折射率变化及He-Ne激光器纵模调谐范围等因素对测量的影响基础上,设计并制作了密封干涉光路的真宅系统,并用调谐范围较大的半导体激光器作为工作激光器.实验结果表明,系统在大于1/4波长的行程范围内的线性度有明显的提高,最大非线性误差由8.93 nm减小至1.19 nm.     

An intermittent frequency offset lock of a transverse Zeeman laser to an iodine stabilized He-Ne laser

A single-mode frequency stabilized laser with modulation-free and moderate power is desired as a light source for an ultra-high resolution interferometer system and/or a rapid laser calibration system. For this purpose, we developed a new stabilized laser system that utilizes intermittent control of a 2 mW transverse Zeeman stabilized He-Ne laser (Zeeman laser) with an iodine stabilized He-Ne laser (I2 stabilized laser). Because of the intermittent control, working time of the I2 stabilized laser is reduced. The Zeeman laser has two operational modes: independent and slave mode. In the independent mode, the Zeeman laser is stabilized through control of Zeeman beat frequency. Temperature dependent drift of the oscillation frequency during the independent mode is periodically corrected by the slave operation utilizing frequency offset locking to the I2 stabilized laser. Frequency instability of the Zeeman laser in independent and slave modes is 7.7X10-11 and 2.0X10-11, respectively, at the sampling time of 100 s.     

腔内波片产生的Nd∶YAG激光纵模分裂规律研究

简要介绍了激光纵模分裂的基本原理，研究了腔内含有1个和2个1/4波片时产生Nd∶YAG激光纵模分裂的规律。实验结果表明：在1064nm Nd∶YAG激光的腔内放置一个1/4波片时，每一激光纵模分裂为2个正交的线偏振模，在波片表面垂直于激光光线的条件下，纵模分裂量（即频率差或波长差）恰好等于激光纵模间隔的一半；当在Nd∶YAG激光腔内沿垂直光线方向平行放置2个1/4波片时，也能产生纵模分裂现象，其纵模分裂量取决于2波片快（慢）轴之间的夹角。在0°～ 90°范围内调节角度，可使纵模分裂量在一个激光纵模间隔内线性调谐。实验结果与理论分析相吻合。     

基于LabVIEW的He-Ne激光器综合实验系统

基于LabVIEW软件和数据采集卡设计了激光器综合实验系统,可实现对激光器谐振腔长调谐的自动、远程、精密的控制,并具有对输出光强信号进行实时显示、存储、读取和处理的功能,同时将频率分裂、模竞争和光强调谐实验相结合.     

Mode effects in second harmonic generation and their uses for laser stabilization

The influence of laser modes on second harmonic generation has been investigated using a three mode He-Ne laser operating at 633 nm as the source of the fundamental radiation. Mode locking which occurs when the laser modes are symmetrically placed relative to the centre of the gain profile enhances the second harmonic signal. This effect has been used to stabilize the frequency of the He-Ne laser to ± 1.5 MHz.