弯曲振动薄圆盘的共振频率和等效电路参数研究

机电等效电路是分析复合换能器常用的一种解析方法, 但对薄圆盘而言, 由于弯曲振动的复杂性, 其等效集中参数很难获得, 该方法很少被应用. 本文从分布参数系统与集中参数系统等效角度, 根据动能相等原则和势能相等原则, 给出了弯曲振动薄圆盘的集中参数: 等效质量和等效弹性系数, 得到了共振频率方程, 并用ATILA软件模拟了其振动分布情况, 可以看出解析结果与数值结果趋于一致. 最后给出了分析复合振动系统时薄圆盘集中参数模型的等效电路. 本文的结果对弯曲振动复合换能器的设计提供了理论参考.     

阶梯圆盘的设计及其声参数计算

由薄圆盘改进而来的阶梯型薄圆盘声波辐射器在空气中有着很好的应用,但由于阶梯的存在,需要根据在节线处位移连续、位移斜率连续、剪切力连续以及弯矩连续,加之其边界条件才能推导出频率方程。多一条节线,则多四个方程。变量多,方程系数复杂,频率方程难解。本文以单节线阶梯圆盘为例,提出了一种数值计算方法,编制了计算程序。计算结果与实验测试值符合较好。更进一步,可计算得到阶梯盘的声场分布、辐射阻抗等声学特性。本文为阶梯圆盘的设计和其声学性能的计算提供了一种方法。      

模式转换型超声塑焊振动系统的设计

基于弯曲振动理论和耦合振动理论,设计了一种新型大尺寸筒形超声塑焊振动系统。该振动系统由纵向振动换能器及变幅杆、弯曲振动金属圆盘和耦合振动圆筒四部分组成。换能器和变幅杆的纵向振动驱动圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动,圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动激励圆筒的纵向模式振动,实现了工具头在较高频率下谐振。实验结果表明,振动系统的测试频率与计算频率比较符合,在大信号下测试的纵-弯-纵振动模式转换效果很好。研究结果为高频大尺寸超声焊接系统的设计提供了思路。      

板厚对无障薄板声辐射特性影响的分析

分析无障薄板的声辐射特性时通常忽略板厚对格林函数的影响而采用双层势计算.本文考虑板厚引起的声辐射阻抗,采用混合势计算结构表面声压与振速,并分析板厚对声辐射参数的影响。根据交界相容性条件,采用边界积分方程分别表示平板上下表面的声压和振速,并合并同类项.进一步将结构的动力方程代入混合势形式的振速方程中,离散声压差值和板的位移为振动模态叠加的形式,获得二重积分形式的声辐射阻抗,从而求解振动模态系数,确定声辐射特性参数.以水下简支矩形板为例计算对比了声辐射参数,并讨论了其对板厚的敏感性。结果表明:板厚引起的声辐射阻抗对声辐射参数的大小影响较小,但随着频率的增加致使共振频率发生较大偏移;在相同阶数的共振频率范围内,板厚度越大,采用双层势计算的误差越大。      

一种分析周期加筋板声辐射的高效方法

为了研究周期加筋板的声辐射特性,建立了一种计算水中周期加筋板在简谐点力作用下的远场辐射声压的高效方法。该方法借助于傅里叶变换法只要先将耦合系统的声振方程,加强筋的弯曲和扭转运动方程,声学波动方程和耦合边界条件转换到波数域中,联合求解得到一组关于平板横向位移的无限大耦合代数方程组,再将该方程组截断成有限大小由数值方法求出波数域中的位移响应,便可结合稳相法得到远场辐射声压。与现有方法给出的结果对比发现二者完全吻合,验证了本文方法的有效性;通过数值方法研究了激励力位置、板厚,加强筋间距和宽度对周期加筋板声辐射特性的影响,得到了具有实际意义的结论。      

周期性加隔板有限长圆柱壳声散射

研究内部真空周期性加隔板圆柱壳在水中的声散射特性.壳体振动用薄壳理论的Donnell方程描述,隔板振动用相互独立的薄板纯弯曲振动和平面应力状态下的振动方程描述.考虑轴向、切向、径向三个方向的力和弯矩共同作用导出了散射声场的解析表达式.数值计算给出远场收发合置情况下的角度-频率谱图,并据此进行机理分析.通过与内部周期性加环肋圆柱壳声散射的角度-频率谱图比较发现,除周期加肋产生的Bragg散射波与弯曲Bloch-Floquet波外,加隔板的情况还存在明显的隔板共振亮线,并且发生隔板共振与壳体弹性波、Bragg散射波、弯曲Bloch-Floquet波耦合的现象.通过实验对理论进行了验证,在实验的频率范围内,Bragg散射亮线与理论符合得很好,部分Bloch-Floquet波散射亮线和隔板共振散射亮线也与理论符合.     

扬声器锥壳的全频段强迫振动解

解析和数值研究了扬声器锥壳全频段的轴对称强迫振动。给出了典型低频段、典型转点频段和典型高频段的显式位移解析解、特征频率方程和轴向导纳表达式。解析结果与数值计算和实验结果结果非常吻合。在典型低频段,振动完全是纵波型的。在典型转点频段,全域的纵波运动和转点外侧域的横波运动共存,谐振和反谐振频率方程相应呈现出无矩解和弯曲解的耦合特性。在典型高频段,全域的纵波运动和横波运动互相独立,相应出现2组独立的纵波和横波固有频率。      

矩形板高阶模式超声振动辐射器的研究

在耦合振动理论以及矩形截面细棒弯曲振动的基础上,本文对矩形薄板的弯曲振动进行了研究,推出了自由边界矩形薄板的弯曲振动频率方程,研究了薄板的振动模式及其与共振频率的关系.实验表明,矩形薄板弯曲振动共振频率的测量值与计算值符合很好.用共振式矩形薄板作为超声清洗等液体中超声应用技术的声波辐射器具有声场分布均匀,换能器频率调节容易,声波辐射面大等优点,是一种很有前途的新型超声源.     

基于差动电容传感器的阻尼振动研究

本文利用差动变面积传感器和数字示波器对实验台位移进行了动态测量,通过阻尼振动方程的拟合,得到较好拟合优度,计算了阻尼因数、振动频率等参数,并与幅值-时间拟合方法得到的参数进行比较.     

正交加筋板声透射的板梁理论模型研究

为了研究正交加筋板的声透射问题,基于经典薄板和梁振动理论,建立了正交加筋板声透射的板梁理论模型。首先通过分析加强筋的受迫弯曲和扭转运动,求得了平板和加强筋线接触之间的反力和反力矩,然后将其引入到平板振动控制方程中,得到了正交加筋板声振方程,最后采用空间谐波展开法求解该方程得到了传声损失的表达式;在此基础上,首先研究了无限大平板和单向加筋的隔声性能,通过与解析解及两种简化模型的计算结果作对比,验证了所建理论模型的有效性;并进一步研究了加筋形式对正交加筋板隔声性能的影响。结果表明:选择合适的加筋形式可以有效避开结构的隔声波谷。      

The performance and design of ultrasonic vibration system for flexural mode

The matrix method for analyzing flexural vibration system is outlined. The displacement, stress and velocity gain of ultrasonic flexural vibration systems are investigated by transfer matrix method. A design method is given for flexural transducer and vibration system.     

Free vibration of rotating non-uniform discs: Spline interpolation technique calculations

Stress distributions and flexural vibration of rotating annular discs with radially varying thickness are calculated by means of a spline interpolation technique. For this purpose, the disc is divided into many ring-shaped elements and the radial displacement is expressed as a cubic spline function, which satisfies the equation of equilibrium of force at all the knots and also satisfies boundary conditions at both edges. Centrifugal stress distributions are calculated from the radial displacement. The transverse deflection of the disc is expressed as a quintic spline function. The frequency equation is derived from the conditions that this function satisfies the differential equation governing the flexural vibration of the disc at the knots and also satisfies the edge conditions. The method is applied to free-clamped rotating discs with linearly, parabolically and exponentially varying thickness, the natural frequencies and the mode shapes are calculated numerically, and the effects of rotating velocity and variable thickness are discussed.     

Large amplitude vibration of an initially stressed moderately thick plate

Non-linear equations of motion for a transversely isotropic moderately thick plate in a general state of non-uniform initial stress where the effects of transverse shear and rotary inertia are included are derived. The large amplitude flexural vibration of a simply supported rectangular moderately thick plate subjected to initial stress is investigated. The initial stress is taken to be a combination of a pure bending stress plus an extensional stress in the plane of the plate. These equations are used to solve the vibrations problem by the Galerkin method. The effects of various parameters on the non-linear vibration frequencies are studied.     

弯曲振动矩形板辐射阻抗的计算

本文推导了四边简支矩形板的辐射阻抗表达式, 利用高斯数值积分方法, 计算了其相对辐射阻抗的数值解. 由不同模态下相对辐射阻抗与频率以及不同长宽比对应的相对辐射阻抗与频率的关系可知, 在中低频段, 模态越低, 辐射阻抗越大, 也就意味着辐射声功率和同振质量越大; 对于一定面积和模态的矩形板, r (r=a/b, 长与宽之比)值越接近1, 即越接近正方形, 辐射阻和辐射抗越大. 本文的方法能对其他复杂边界条件下的、无振动解析解的矩形板的辐射阻抗数值量级大小提供一个参考, 也可由计算弯曲振动的阻抗自然地过渡到活塞振动阻抗的计算.     

考虑铺层角的复合材料圆柱壳自由振动三维弹性准确解

为了获得任意角度铺层的多层复合材料圆柱壳的自由振动准确解,在三维弹性理论的基础上,结合分层理论和状态空间法,建立横向位移和应力的传递矩阵,轴向和环向位移采用双螺旋模式的位移函数,对任意角度铺层复合材料圆柱壳简支边界条件下的自由振动进行了理论推导,得到了自由振动方程的精确形式。与文献理论解和有限元计算结果对比,结果表明,关注频率在2倍的环频率以下时,薄壳的固有频率计算精度能控制在1%以内,厚壳的固有频率计算精度能控制在2%以内。对于厚壳的计算可将壳体沿厚度方向划分为多层来处理,这样能有效提高计算精度。计算分析了铺层角对壳体固有频率的影响,环向模态数较低时,固有频率随着铺层角的增加呈抛物线变化趋势;环向模态数较高时,固有频率随着铺层角的增大单调递增。该理论方法同样适用于均质各向同性壳和正交各向异性圆柱壳。      

Experimental study of coupled vibration in a finite periodic dual-layered structure with transverse connection

The analytical equations of the transfer matrix method are further derived for the multi-coupled vibration of flexural and longitudinal waves in a periodic dual-layered beam structure with connection branches, with full consideration given to the flexural and longitudinal motions that are tri-coupled at each connection. Measurements of mobilities at the junctions on the uni-layered beam and the cross-layered beam are made. The numerical results agree well with the experimental results at all frequencies from 10 to 2000 Hz, which verifies the theoretical methodology for the multi-coupled vibration in a finite dual-layered beam. The cross-layer energy transmission is calculated, which reveals that the transmitted longitudinal energy is enhanced not only at the longitudinal resonant modes but also at the flexural resonant modes of the connection branches due to the structural wave coupling. The flexural energy is excited by wave coupling and becomes stronger at the longitudinal resonant modes and the flexural resonant modes of the connection branches. The cross-layer vibration motions from coupled waves in the branches can be effectively controlled by the attached cantilevers with mass at the resonance modes. This method can be used to control the structure-borne sound transmission in multi-layer beam structures.     

Natural frequencies and mode shapes of flexural vibration of plates: laser-interferometry detection and solutions by Ritz's method

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study of flexural symmetric vibration modes of a linear elastic plate. A laser interferometer is used as detector of the free vibration of a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped aluminium plate. The vibration spectrum gives the lowest natural frequencies of the sample. Assumption that the vibration of the plates may be described by some approximate theories is proven to be inconsistent. The Ritz method, with products of powers of the co-ordinates as basis functions, is applied to obtain the lowest flexural natural frequencies. Three-dimensional solutions are obtained, unlike those provided by simpler theories. The experimental results are compared with the numerical predictions and a good agreement is obtained. Finally, forced motion is applied to the centre of the plate and the out-of-plane and in-plane displacement components for the first symmetric mode are measured. A good fit of the calculated values to the experimental values is found.     

A continuous vibration theory for rotors with an open edge crack

In this paper a new continuous model for flexural vibration of rotors with an open edge crack has been developed. The cracked rotor is considered in the rotating coordinate system attached to it. Therefore, the rotor bending can be decomposed in two perpendicular directions. Two quasi-linear displacement fields are assumed for these two directions and the strain and stress fields are calculated in each direction. Then the final displacement and stress fields are obtained by composing the displacement and stress fields in the two directions. The governing equation of motion for the rotor has been obtained using the Hamilton principle and solved using a modified Galerkin method. The free vibration has been analyzed and the critical speeds have been calculated. Results are compared with the finite element results and an excellent agreement is observed.     

Equivalent circuits and directivity patterns of air-coupled ultrasonic transducers

Air-coupled transducers for producing ultrasonic radiation in gases are studied. The transducer consists of a circular thin plate in flexural vibration and a sandwich longitudinal electromechanical vibrator that is attached to the center of the plate. The lowest-order axially symmetric flexural vibrational mode of a circular thin plate is analyzed. The equivalent circuits of the circular plate in flexural vibration and the compound transducer are presented and the frequency equation is derived. The radiated ultrasonic field of the circular thin plate in flexural vibration is calculated and the directivity pattern is obtained theoretically. Some transducers of this type are designed according to the frequency equation, and their resonance frequencies are measured. The measured resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the theoretical results, and the calculated radiation ultrasonic field is also in good agreement with the measured results of a previous work.