Refractive index sensitivity characteristic of long-period grating in holey fiber with dual-channel measuring method

Dual-channel measuring method based on long-period grating in holey fiber (LPHFG) is proposed, in which cladding mode interacts with medium filled in air holes and surrounding LPHFG simultaneously. Mode coupling properties and resonance spectral response of LPHFG are numerically investigated with respect to refractive index sensitivity characteristic to the variation of medium with dual-channel measuring method. It is proved that dual-channel measuring method can enhance the index sensitivity characteristic, which can be further improved by elaborately choosing appropriate cladding mode. Dual-channel measuring method provides an excellent alternative to the index-based sensors and detectors. Cladding mode in holey fiber with special radius is very sensitive to the variation of wavelength and medium, and it can turn into high-order or low-order cladding mode. The characteristics of cladding mode to wavelength and medium could be used to optimize the index-based sensor, and it also can be used in mode conversion.     

Fiber refractometer based on a fiber Bragg grating and single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber structure

A refractive index (RI) sensor based on a novel fiber structure that consists of a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) fiber structure followed by a fiber Bragg grating was demonstrated. The multimode fiber in the SMS structure excites cladding modes within output single-mode fiber (SMF) and recouple the reflected cladding Bragg wavelength to the input SMF core. By measuring the relative Bragg wavelength shift between core and cladding Bragg wavelengths, the RI can be determined. Experimentally we have achieved a maximum sensitivity of 7.33 nm/RIU (RI unit) at RI range from 1.324 to 1.439.     

Hetero-core fiber Bragg grating for simultaneous measurement of strain and bending based on cladding mode ratiometric detection

A simple but practical method using multimode-single mode fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for cladding mode based simultaneous measurement of strain and bending is proposed and investigated experimentally. Experimental results show that the intensity ratio between cladding mode and FBG resonance of hetero-core FBG show monotonous changes following with the increase of deflection, by which strain and bending discrimination can be achieved by measuring the wavelength shift of FBG resonance and ratiometrically detecting the intensity changes between cladding modes and FBG resonance.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Measurement of modal dispersion in optical fiber by means of acousto-optic coupling

We show that frequency-wavelength tuning characteristics of acousto-optic coupling can be used for measuring the difference of effective index, group index, and chromatic dispersion between core and cladding modes in single-mode fibers. Chromatic dispersion measurements of a 30-cm-long conventional single-mode fiber, a nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber, and a dispersion-compensating fiber with this new method are presented for the wavelength range 1500-1600 nm. Qualitative agreement with independently measured data is obtained.     

包层模谐振特种光纤及传感特性研究

研究了一种具有双包层结构的包层模谐振特种光纤,该特种光纤具有一个低折射率内包层,基于耦合模原理,纤芯模与包层模之间发生谐振耦合,从而获得具有带阻特性的传输光谱.系统介绍了包层模谐振光纤的制备、传输原理及其弯曲、溶液折射率、折射率/温度双参量等传感特性.实验和理论研究结果表明,包层模谐振特种光纤对于弯曲、溶液折射率参量具...     

Optical fiber modulator derivates from hollow optical fiber with suspended core

A fiber optic integrated modulation-depth-tunable modulator based on a type of hollow optical fiber with suspended core is proposed and investigated. We synthesized magnetic fluid containing superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and encapsulated it in the hollow optical fiber as the cladding layer of the suspended core by fusing the hollow optical fiber with the multimode optical fibers. The light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is coupled in and out of the modulating element by a tapering technique. Experimental results show that the light attenuation in the system can be greatly influenced by only 2.0×10(-2) μL of the magnetic fluid under different magnetic field strengths. The saturated modulation depth is 43% when the magnetic field strength is 489 Oe. The response time of the system is <120 ms. Significantly, this work presents information for the development of all-fiber modulators, including other integrated electro-optic devices, such as optical switch, optical fiber filter, and magnetic sensors utilizing the special structure of this hollow optical fiber with suspended core and superparamagnetic magnetic fluid.     

全光纤干涉式结构中传感模式仿真分析

全光纤干涉式传感结构中包层模场与外界物理量作用,携带被感测信息,因此对包层模的研究是设计制作和提高该类传感器传感性能的关键.利用有限差分光束传播法获得传感光纤不同长度和不同芯径比时传感器对应的光谱,通过傅里叶变换获得其干涉频谱,计算出各主要参与干涉的包层模组的有效折射率,利用色散方程确定对应包层模.理论仿真结果显示,随着传感部分光纤长度增加,参与干涉的包层模式随之增加,并且向高阶模式变化,光谱变得稠密,是多阶包层模干涉的叠加,传感器输出干涉谱的自由光谱范围变小.随着输入光纤与传感光纤芯径比变化,会明显改变纤芯包层功率分布,同时,芯径比增大也会增加参与干涉的包层模种类和阶数.     

Designing optical-fiber modulators by using magnetic fluids

To reduce interface loss between optical fibers and devices in telecommunication systems, the development of an optical-fiber-based device that can be fused directly with fibers is important. A novel optical modulator consisting of a bare fiber core surrounded by magnetic fluids instead of by a SiO2 cladding layer is proposed. Applying a magnetic field raises the refractive index of the magnetic fluid. Thus we can control the occurrence of total reflection at the interface between the fiber core and the magnetic fluid when light propagates along the fiber. As a result, the intensity of the outgoing light is modulated by variation in field strength. Details of the design, fabrication, and working properties of such a modulator are presented.     

四方阵列聚苯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微结构光纤的制造与光学特性

用聚苯乙烯光纤填充625孔聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微结构光纤预制棒中的空气孔制备了新型微结构光纤预制棒.拉伸后得到了四方阵列聚苯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微结构聚合物光纤.该光纤的纵方向可以作为传递图像介质,而纵截面上折射率的周期性结构可以作为透射光栅使用,该光栅产生的moiré条纹可以用于测量小角度移动.     

基于马赫-曾德干涉的全光纤双参量传感器

提出一种基于S形-错位结构的全光纤马赫-曾德干涉仪（MZI）双参量传感器。该传感结构是采用单模光纤在光纤熔接机中通过简单的放电和熔接等步骤制备而成。顺时针扭转时, 传感器的传输光谱向短波长方向偏移; 逆时针扭转, 向长波长方向偏移。对传感器的实验研究结果表明,该传感器在光纤横截面上顺时针和逆时针两个旋转方向上的扭曲传感灵敏度分别为?223 pm/(rad·cm?1), 140 pm/(rad·cm?1),且可实现扭转方向的判别,在一定应变范围内的应变灵敏度为0.145×106 dB/ε(这里ε为应变),且温度交叉灵敏度极小,可忽略不计。因此,这种基于单模光纤的纤芯-包层MZI双参量传感器具有传感灵敏度高,体积小巧,工艺简单,成本低廉且可判别扭转方向的优点,有望成为众多双参量测量操作中良好的候选仪器之一。     

金属包层长周期光纤光栅的理论和实验研究

金属包层长周期光纤光栅可用于对谐振波长的调谐。通过实验和理论研究了长周期光纤光栅在沉积金属包层前后谐振波长的变化规律。分析了金属包层光纤的特点,给出了金属包层光纤包层模的本征方程,并给出了这一复本征方程的求解方法。长周期光纤光栅在沉积金属包层后,对低阶包层模,谐振波长会向长波方向偏移,模次增加,偏移会增大;对高阶包层模,谐振波长向短波方向偏移。不同金属包层,谐振波长的偏移量也有一定差别。所给出的理论分析方法,可用于预测谐振波长的偏移方向和大小,对设计和制做这类长周期光纤光栅提供理论参考。     

光纤纤芯及包层模有效折射率计算及仿真

光纤结构设计、模间色散求解、光纤光栅模式耦合等问题的研究, 都需要对光纤纤芯及包层模的有效折射率进行精确计算. 本文以光纤三层结构模型为基础, 结合该模型下的模式本征方程, 使用截弦法求解了纤芯模有效折射率, 并将计算结果与COMSOL软件模拟的对应纤芯模的传输光场进行对比, 验证了计算结果正确.使用区间遍历算法对包层模有效折射率进行了求解, 与已有的传统方法相比, 该方法可以有效防止求解过程中根的遗漏、避免特征方程产生的奇点, 并能保证模式的正规性.本文采用Mathematica软件对求解过程进行仿真, 获得了纤芯模和包层模有效折射率与波长关系曲线. 关键词： 光纤传输模式 有效折射率 截弦法 区间遍历算法     

Field Solution and Characteristics of Cladding Modes of Optical Fibers

In this article, we give out the formulations of the fields in a three-layer fiber. For a typical step-index single-mode fiber, we calculate propagation constants and mode field profiles of the cladding modes in it. Results show that the hybrid cladding modes, whose azimuthal quantum number is not zero, can also be rigorously divided into HE and EH modes. Comparison with the results of the two-layer geometry approximation indicates that when solving the cladding modes in a fiber the simplified model is unsuitable.     

热光系数与长周期光纤光栅的温度灵敏度研究

利用受温度影响的光纤的本征方程和相位匹配条件,从理论上研究了长周期光纤光栅(LPFGs)的温度响应特性,给出了LPFGs的温度灵敏度的解析表达式。对利用低模序包层模的LPFG进行了实验研究。结果表明,利用不同包层模的LPFGs具有不同的温度灵敏度。分析了光纤的材料热光系数和模的热光系数的差别。单模光纤导模的热光系数接近纤芯的材料热光系数,而包层模的热光系数比包层的材料热光系数大,模序越大,其值越大。适当调整纤芯和包层的热光系数,并选用不同的包层模,可以得到对温度灵敏或不灵敏的LPFGs。     

基于高折射率液体填充的花瓣形微结构光纤可调滤模特性

提出一种新型的可调滤模光纤结构,利用纤芯模式与微结构包层形成的超模群之间的耦合实现选择性滤模,采用花瓣形包层结构使包层中传输的模式更容易产生高的泄漏损耗;提出以液体填充包层介质柱,使包层形成的超模群有效折射率区间可以通过环境温度来调节,从而达到可调选择性滤模目的.利用液体柱的LP11模所形成的超模群,有效增大了其工作带宽和温度调谐范围.数值模拟结果表明,采用长度仅为71.4 mm的滤模光纤,可以使特定的抑制模式损耗达到20 dB以上,而其他模式损耗均在1 dB以下.提出的光纤可以在少模光纤传输系统中作为滤模器使用,以降低模式转换器、复用器/解复用器以及光开关和光路由等的模式串扰.     

基于光纤光栅的应变与温度分离技术的研究

理论分析了光纤光栅交叉敏感的物理机制,重点研究了基于双波长矩阵法和双参量矩阵法的应变与温度分离技术。提出了一种基于双参量矩阵法的应变与温度测量系统,该系统传感头由FBG和非本征型F-P干涉腔(EF-PI)构成,其中FBG对应变敏感,EFPI测温精度高。     

Widely tunable asymmetric long-period fiber grating with high sensitivity using optical polymer on laser-ablated cladding

We demonstrate high-efficiency, wideband-tunable, laser-ablated long-period fiber gratings that use an optical polymer overlay. Portions of the fiber cladding are periodically removed by CO(2) laser pulses to induce periodic index changes for coupling the core mode into cladding modes. An optical polymer with a high thermo-optic coefficient with a dispersion distinct from that of silica is used on a deep-ablated cladding structure so that the effective indices of cladding modes become dispersive and the resonant wavelengths can be efficiently tuned. The tuning efficiency can be as high as 15.8 nm/ degrees C, and the tuning range can be wider than 105 nm (1545-1650 nm).     

基于薄包层极大倾角光纤光栅的灵敏度增强型振动传感器

提出了一种薄包层极大倾角光纤光栅悬臂梁振动传感器,采用基于标准单模光纤的极大倾角光纤光栅,从理论上分析包层半径的减小对波导色散因子、包层模的有效折射率、轴向应变灵敏度因子、轴向应变灵敏度及模式阶数的影响,并进行数值仿真,为其振动传感增敏方法提供理论依据。然后使用氢氟酸腐蚀光纤包层,构成不同直径的极大倾角光纤光栅并进行相关振动传感实验。实验结果表明:在40~200 Hz的频率范围内,随着包层直径的减小,极大倾角光纤光栅振动传感器在C波段的同阶和不同阶TE/TM模加速度灵敏度逐渐增大,且两者之间具有较好的线性关系;其中,同阶TE和TM模的最大加速度灵敏度分别可达到100.46 mV/g与88.68 mV/g,相对于标准直径极大倾角光纤光栅振动传感器分别提高了1.36倍、1.53倍;不同阶TE和TM模的最大加速度灵敏度可达到159.35 mV/g与133.37 mV/g,分别提高了2.15倍、2.31倍。