Cavity formation in split ring resonators

We report that it is possible to obtain a cavity structure by the deformation of a unit cell of an split ring resonator (SRR) structure. We presented the Q-factor of the cavity resonance as 192 for an SRR-based single cavity. Subsequently, we brought two and three cavities together with an intercavity distance of two metamaterial unit cells and investigated the transmission spectrum of SRR-based interacting 2-cavity and 3-cavity systems. The splitting of eigenmodes due to the interaction between the localized electromagnetic cavity modes was observed. Eventually, in taking full advantage of the effective medium theory, we modeled SRR-based cavities as 1D Fabry–Perot reflectors (FPRs) with a subwavelength cavity at the center. Finally, we observed that at the cavity resonance, the effective group velocity was reduced by a factor of 67 for an SRR-based single cavity compared to the electromagnetic waves propagating in free space.     

LOPUT Laser: A novel concept to realize single longitudinal mode laser

We propose a novel type of cavity design to generate single longitudinal mode laser known as LOPUT cavity. LOPUT cavity stands for linear orthogonally polarized modes resulting in unidirectional travelling wave cavity. The technique can be applied to both isotropic as well as anisotropic gain mediums. In the present paper, we applied the technique to anisotropic gain medium such as a-cut Nd:YVO₄. Using the LOPUT cavity, we demonstrated nearly 2 W of single longitudinal mode laser with nearly diffraction-limited spatial profile. Linewidth measurement using a custom-made Fabry Perot interferometer revealed instrument-limited linewidth of ～5 MHz at 1064 nm.     

基于NICE-OHMS技术进行大气压气样直接检测的理论分析

噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱技术(NICE-OHMS)是目前世界上最灵敏的激光吸收光谱技术,其在低压环境中具有极高的探测灵敏度。然而当测量样品处于大气压时,NICE-OHMS系统的探测灵敏度会大幅下降。主要原因之一是大气压下获取最大NICE-OHMS信号幅度的条件与低气压下不同。通过对大气压NICE-OHMS理论进行分析,分析了影响信号幅度的参数,并通过数值模拟来寻找最佳的实验条件。本文着重讨论影响信号的主要参数包括光学腔腔长L,调制系数β,探测相位θ。其中,由于在NICE-OHMS中使用DeVoe-Brewer技术将调制频率ν_m锁定到Fabry-Parot(FP)腔的自由光谱区(FSR)。因此FP腔的腔长决定了ν_m,同时还作用于信号幅度S■。模拟结果显示,当腔长增大时,由于ν_m随之减小,载波和边带的光谱成分相互重叠部分增大,因此线型函数的幅度逐渐减小。而吸收信号幅度随着腔长的增加而逐渐增加,色散信号幅度先增大后减小,并且在腔长等于8 cm时达到最大值。调制系数β会影响频率调制后激光载波和边带的幅度大小,并且影响信号线型。随着腔长的增加,最大信号幅度对应的β值也随之增加。在相同腔长下,色散信号的最佳β值小于吸收信号,更容易使用电光调制器实现。最后分析了参数的可实现性,分析了不同种类激光器的频率调谐能力,压电陶瓷的扫描宽度等。以乙炔气体为例,大气压下NICE-OHMS的谱线半宽达到~3 GHz,而光谱覆盖范围大于10 GHz。分布反馈式半导体激光器(DFB)与外腔二极管激光器(ECDL)的频率调谐范围可以达到30 GHz以上,但是由于激光线宽宽,得到的PDH锁定性能欠佳。回音壁模式激光器(WGM)和掺饵光纤激光器(EDFL)线宽为百Hz量级,是目前高灵敏NICE-OHMS系统中常用的光源。但是WGM目前可以实现了5 GHz的激光频率调谐范围,而EDFL的外部电压可控制的调谐范围仅为3 GHz。使用精细度为55000的腔进行模拟,调制系数β=1,腔长大于8 cm时,可使用WGM激光器实现,腔长大于25 cm时,可以使用EDFL激光器实现。而对于在设计光学腔中常用的伸缩长度为25μm的PZT,随着腔长的增加,对应的腔模频移范围逐渐减小,在腔长为典型的40 cm时,扫描范围大于12 GHz。     

Harmonic mode locking in a sliding-frequency fiber laser

We demonstrate a sliding-frequency mode-locked (SFM) erbium fiber laser generating 20 ps pulses with center wavelengths rapidly sweeping across a spectral range of 50 nm. Excess optical nonlinearity in the laser cavity leads to multipulsing, with a tendency to tight pulse bunching (<3 ns) at the fundamental cavity frequency of 25 MHz. The addition of a parallel optical delay line, with a path difference equal to a rational fraction of the cavity length, distributes the pulses uniformly across the entire cavity and achieves a harmonic SFM up to 1 GHz. The result establishes cavity nonlinearity as a critical design parameter for picosecond wavelength-swept lasers.     

Forces and spatial ordering of driven atoms in a resonator in the regime of fluorescence suppression

An atom in a high-Q cavity, which is coherently driven at the frequency of a cavity mode, exhibits strong suppression of fluorescence when the atomic decay rate exceeds the cavity linewidth. This effect is due to destructive interference of cavity and pump field, such that at the atomic position the total field intensity has a local minimum. For atomic ensembles the magnitude of the interference effect grows with atom number and depends on the relative atomic positions. It is strongest for a wavelength spaced array of atoms placed at the antinodes of the cavity mode. This suppresses fluorescence and enhanced collective scattering into the cavity mode. We analyze the mechanical forces in the regime where the interference condition is fulfilled. We show that the atomic pattern is mechanically stable whenever the driving frequency is red detuned with respect to the cavity frequency, irrespective of the atomic transition frequency. Hence atomic selforganization, as predicted in [6] can also occur in the parameter regime where superradiant scattering is suppressed by collective interference. PACS 32.80.Pj; 42.50.Pq; 42.50.Fx     

Offline estimation of decay time for an optical cavity with a low pass filter cavity model

This Letter presents offline estimation results for the decay-time constant for an experimental Fabry-Perot optical cavity for cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). The cavity dynamics are modeled in terms of a low pass filter (LPF) with unity DC gain. This model is used by an extended Kalman filter (EKF) along with the recorded light intensity at the output of the cavity in order to estimate the decay-time constant. The estimation results using the LPF cavity model are compared to those obtained using the quadrature model for the cavity presented in previous work by Kallapur et?al. The estimation process derived using the LPF model comprises two states as opposed to three states in the quadrature model. When considering the EKF, this means propagating two states and a (2×2) covariance matrix using the LPF model, as opposed to propagating three states and a (3×3) covariance matrix using the quadrature model. This gives the former model a computational advantage over the latter and leads to faster execution times for the corresponding EKF. It is shown in this Letter that the LPF model for the cavity with two filter states is computationally more efficient, converges faster, and is hence a more suitable method than the three-state quadrature model presented in previous work for real-time estimation of the decay-time constant for the cavity.     

Experimental study of a quasi-optical cavity with slotted output mirror

This paper describes an experimental study of a quasi-optical cavity to be used in qyrotrons. The cavity configuration was designed so that its output wave could pass into a quasi-optical transmission line. The test cavity was coaxially composed of a pair of annular mirrors, one of which was a curved conical mirror and the other was a plane mirror having a radial slot array for wave output. A mode excited in the cavity at 56.4 GHz was observed by detecting the radiation wave that leaked out through the slotted mirror. It was shown that the present slotted mirror served as a partially and uniformly transparent mirror to radiate the output wave with the same mode as in the cavity.     

Polariton trap in microcavities with metallic mirrors

In planar microcavities with metallic mirrors the spectra of cavity polaritons may be strongly modified by the presence of a surface plasmon interacting with transverse-magnetic (TM)-polarized cavity modes. In particular, for certain parameters of the cavity, a minimum in the dispersion of the TM-polarized polariton may develop, which is located in the non-radiative part of the spectrum. This minimum may serve as a very effective trap for polariton population at high non-resonant excitation of the cavity.     

三腔整管RKA相位的理论与模拟的比较分析

首先采用运动学理论和空间电荷波理论推出了计算中间腔间隙入口处调制电流相位的经验公式。采用调制电子束激励中间腔的非线性理论估算中间腔和输出腔间隙电压的幅度和相位,并提出了估算输出腔间隙入口处调制电流相位的经验公式。采用这些理论和二维粒子模拟比较了中间腔和输出腔间隙入口处调制电流相位、中间腔和输出腔间隙电压相位。中间腔和输出间隙入口处调制电流相位误差为2.627°(模型1)和3.857°(模型2)。中间腔间隙电压幅度的相对误差是1.47%,输出腔幅度的相对误差是5.42%,中间腔相位的误差是4.017°(模型2)和5.427°(模型3),输出腔的相位的误差是12.32°。最后根据二维粒子模拟得出了三种模型调制电流的相位与距离的关系。相关理论计算结果与2D的PIC模拟结果进行了比对,验证了理论估算结果的可信度。     

Remote weak-signal measurement via bound states in optomechanical systems

A scheme for remote weak-signal sensors is proposed,in which a coupled-resonator optical waveguide(CROW),as a transmitter,couples to a hybrid optomechanical cavity and an observing cavity at its two ends.Non-Markovian theory is employed to study the weak-force sensor by treating the CROW as a non-Markovian reservoir of cavity fields.The dissipationless bound states in the non-Markovian regime are conducive to remotely transmitting a signal in the CROW.Our results show that a sensor with ultrahigh sensitivity can be achieved with the assistance of bound states under certain parameter regimes.     

上海光源150 MeV直线加速器次谐波腔耦合器的设计与调试

通过将次谐波腔体等效为RLC并联回路,求得了射频功率馈入腔体的耦合度公式,分析了上海光源直线加速器次谐波腔输入耦合器的设计要点,通过3维电磁计算软件CST的数值模拟方法对耦合器结构尺寸、耦合环的深度与方位、耦合度进行了模拟计算。介绍了对次谐波腔耦合器进行小信号测试的过程、腔体安装及在线调试的方法。     

Low-loss grating for coupling to a high-finesse cavity

A concept for a low-loss all-reflective cavity coupler is experimentally demonstrated at a wavelength of 1064 nm. A 1450-nm period dielectric reflection grating with a diffraction efficiency of 0.58% in the - 1st order is used in the 2nd-order Littrow configuration as a coupler to form a cavity with a finesse of 400. The application of such reflective low-loss cavity couplers in future generations of gravitational-wave detectors and implementation issues are discussed.     

Effective power input into quasi-optical cavity with travelling wave

The open three-mirror cavity with a travelling wave, and reflecting diffraction grating on one mirror as a coupler was excited by a wave beam at the frequency 140 GHz. The investigation showed the wave power in the cavity to be about 30 times higher than that at the cavity entrance.     

Quantum dots in photonic crystals: From quantum information processing to single photon nonlinear optics

Quantum dots in photonic crystals are interesting both as a testbed for fundamental cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) experiments and as a platform for quantum and classical information processing. We describe a technique to coherently access the QD-cavity system by resonant light scattering. Among other things, the coherent access enables a giant optical nonlinearity associated with the saturation of a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. We explore this nonlinearity to implement controlled phase and amplitude modulation between two modes of light at the single photon level—a nonlinearity observed so far only in atomic physics systems. We also measured the photon statistics of the reflected beam at various detunings with the QD/cavity system. These measurements reveal effects such as photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling, for the first time in solid state. These demonstrations lie at the core of a number of proposals for quantum information processing, and could also be employed to build novel devices, such as optical switches controlled at the single photon level.     

First-Stokes Wavelengths at 1175.8 and 1177.1 nm Generated in a Diode End-Pumped Nd:YVO_4/LuVO_4 Raman Laser

A diode end-pumped acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YVO_4/LuVO_4 Raman laser is demonstrated. Both YVO_4 and LuVO_4 can work as Raman gain, and slightly different active vibration modes of both crystals can result in different first-Stokes wavelengths. The output characteristic as the Raman competition between YVO_4 and LuVO_4 crystals for the laser systems with both shared cavity and coupled cavity is experimentally investigated.For the shared cavity, simultaneous Raman conversion in both YVO_4 and LuVO_4 crystals is achieved with dualwavelength emission at 1175.8 and 1177.1 nm. The maximum output power of 1.03 W and the conversion efficiency of 10.3% are obtained. The 0.84 W single first Stokes wavelength at 1177.1 nm with LuVO_4 Raman conversion is achieved with the coupled cavity. The results show that the coupled cavity with short Raman cavity can obtain a narrow pulse width. The separated laser crystal and Raman gain media with different vanadates in shared cavity have advantages in achieving dual-wavelength lasers with small frequency intervals.     

Resonant regeneration in the sub-quantum regime – A demonstration of fractional quantum interference

Light shining through wall experiments (in the optical as well as in the microwave regime) are a powerful tool to search for light particles coupled very weakly to photons such as axions or extra hidden sector photons. Resonant regeneration, where a resonant cavity is employed to enhance the regeneration rate of photons, is one of the most promising techniques to improve the sensitivity of the next generation of experiments. However, doubts have been voiced if such methods work at very low regeneration rates where on average the cavity contains less than one photon. In this Letter we report on a demonstration experiment using a microwave cavity driven with extremely low power, to show that resonant amplification works also in this regime. In accordance with standard quantum mechanics this is a demonstration that interference also works at the level of less than one quantum. As an additional benefit this experiment shows that thermal photons inside the cavity cause no adverse effects.     

325 MHz中β超导Spoke腔的腔型对比和选择

中国科学院高能物理研究所一直在研究频率为325 MHz、中低β Spoke超导加速腔,以应用在加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)的强流质子直线加速器中。通过对超导腔设计方法和设计原则的研究,使用CST仿真软件设计了单Spoke腔、双Spoke腔、三bar Spoke腔三种Spoke腔型。其中三bar Spoke腔和双Spoke腔一样,都有着三个加速间隙,但是Spoke柱的结构不同。在腔型设计中,对三种Spoke腔的模型均作了参数化处理。然后通过CST的参数化扫描来优化腔体形状以使得峰值电场与加速梯度的比值最小,同时使峰值磁场与加速梯度的比值处于较低范围。本文对三种腔型进行了高频结构优化和参数分析,选用了双Spoke腔型作为设计方案,并对电磁场等进行了优化设计。     

自锁模钛宝石激光器谐振腔的像差研究

论述自锁模钛宝石激光器谐振腔的像差补偿问题，分析了“Ｘ”型与“Ｚ”型谐振腔彗差的大小，由此对这两种腔作出比较，指出“Ｘ”型腔的优点，在这样设计的激光器上，获得了１９ｆｓ激光脉冲输出，功率为３２０ｍＷ，中心波长为７８４ｎｍ，全半宽度为４２ｎｍ。     

二能级原子与高品质因子腔的自发辐射特性

用全量子理论研究二能级原子单模腔耦合系统,通过理论推导和数值计算得出系统的自发辐射光谱和平均粒子数密度.共振时腔与原子的发射光谱在强耦合与弱耦合区域有所不同,腔发射光谱分裂只出现于强耦合区域,而原子发射光谱由于腔感应透明效应在弱耦合区域出现了缺口.本文系统地研究了原子与腔在失谐时的发射光谱,在好腔机理(腔线宽小于原子线宽g)原子与腔即使在大失谐时腔发射出腔频率的光子,这给当前实验上困惑的特性提供了一个理论依据.为了给腔感应透明效应一个新的深入了解,还研究了原子与腔平均粒子数密度随时间的演化,以及平均粒子数密度与光强度之间的关系. 关键词： 自发辐射 强耦合 腔感应透明 好腔机理     

Scattering by cavities of arbitrary shape in an infinite plate and associated vibration problems

This paper presents a solution for the displacement of a uniform elastic thin plate with an arbitrary cavity, modelled using the biharmonic plate equation. The problem is formulated as a system of boundary integral equations by factorizing the biharmonic equation, with the unknown boundary values expanded in terms of a Fourier series. At the edge of the cavity we consider free-edge, simply-supported and clamped boundary conditions. Methods to suppress ill-conditioning which occurs at certain frequencies are discussed, and the combined boundary integral equation method is implemented to control this problem. A connection is made between the problem of an infinite plate with an arbitrary cavity and the vibration problem of an arbitrarily shaped finite plate, using the jump discontinuity present in single-layer distributions at the boundary. The first few frequencies and modes of displacement are computed for circular and elliptic cavities, which provide a check on our numerics, and results for the displacement of an infinite plate are given for four specific cavity geometries and various boundary conditions.