基于光纤四波混频效应的新型组播方法

组播是波长路由光通信网络中的一项重要功能.提出并实验实现了基于高非线性光纤四波混频效应的全光组播方法,将一束载有数据的输入信号光和一束抽运光一起入射到一段高非线性光纤中,通过两个简并四波混频过程产生了两个携带该数据信息的闲频光,从而实现了单一信号的两信道组播,同时抽运光也会受到数据信息的调制.该方法的优点在于组播的实现只需要单一的抽运光源,而不需要再提供其他输入光,结构简单,组播光信号功率均匀、波长可调,并且具有进一步增加组播信道的能力. 关键词： 组播 四波混频 高非线性光纤     

载流金属网格中冷原子的动力学行为

使用两组并联载流金属导线设计周期金属网格结构.方案是使其中一组并联载流金属导线电流方向沿着x轴,另一组则沿着y轴.然后把两组并联载流金属导线重叠在一起,两线交叉处尽量不接触.     

多组全动型变焦系统新型设计

为了寻找简单的多组全动型变焦系统的解算方法及降低全动型变焦距系统设计时对经验的过分依赖,提出了一种全新的方法来计算系统组元的光焦度分配。以组元之间的间隔为初始量,把组元的运动形式作为自由量,通过计算公式求出满足间隔要求的光焦度分配和组元运动形式。该方法在一定程度上降低了变焦系统光焦度分配的难度,更重要的是,为探寻新的变焦运动方式提供了一种新的思路。在得到系统的光焦度分配之后又推导出一种求解系统组元移动曲线的简单方法。为了验证该方法的可行性,设计了一个四组式全动型变焦系统。所设计系统优化后的光焦度分配值和计算的结果都很接近,并且得到了组元的移动曲线,从而验证了该方法的正确性。     

变斑变焦激光切割光学系统的设计

为了满足不同材料、不同厚度板材加工的需求,设计了一种光斑大小和焦点位置可变的激光切割光学系统,该变斑变焦激光切割光学系统由复合准直镜组、变焦镜组、补偿镜组和聚焦镜组组成;采用在普通光学聚焦系统的准直镜组与聚焦镜组中间放置可调倍率扩束系统,再将准直镜组和可调倍率扩束系统合并成一个复合准直镜组的方案,简化了系统设计;建立了四镜组可变斑变焦光学系统的物理模型,推导了各镜组之间的移动规律,并利用MATLAB软件进行理论验证;在现有切割光学系统的基础上,设计一种变斑变焦激光切割光学系统,并利用软件优化像差。结果表明:通过移动变焦镜组和补偿镜组,得到了放大倍率为1.000～3.750、焦点上下可调范围为-20～+10 mm的焦斑,实现了焦斑大小和焦点位置的精准可调。     

应用动量守恒定律解题时常见的错误

动量守恒定律是力学三大基本守恒定律之一,它不但适用于宏观物体间的作用过程,也适用于微观粒子间的相互作用过程,所以动量守恒定律在物理学中占有重要的地位.在处理力学问题,尤其是解一些综合性习题时经常应用的是质点组的动量守恒定律. 质点组动量守恒定律的内容是:在某段时间间隔内,若质点组所受外力矢量和始终为零,则在该段时间间隔内质点组的总动量守恒.其数学表示式可写为 当Fi外=0时,miVi=恒矢量 当质点组所受外力矢量和不为零,而外力矢量和沿某一方向的投影为零时,质点组总动量沿该方向的投影保持恒定.这一结论称为沿某一方向的质…     

MPLS域中LSP组播树构建方法的研究与仿真

提出了一种基于接收方数据流驱动的标签分配机制构建MPLS域中LSP组播树的方案,给出了MPLS网络中成员加入和退出组播组以及组播包的复制和转发算法。并且对网络仿真工具NS的MPLS模块进行扩展以支持所提出的组播算法。性能分析和仿真实验结果表明：与传统组播相比,MPLS的组播技术能利用MPLS的快速转发能力有效地减少组播包的传输时延。     

单机数字立体双通道放映镜头的光学设计

介绍了一种新型单机数字立体电影双通道放映系统,利用ZEMAX光学设计软件与人工构造相结合的方法,成功设计了一款单机数字立体电影双通道放映镜头。镜头采用特殊的离轴、三轴结构和折射式光路,由前组和后组两分结构体组成,前组包括6组7片球面透镜,后组由两个完全相同的、对称的3组4片球面透镜结构组成。镜头参数为：总长243.87 mm,最大口径93 mm,焦距20.23 mm,全视场角36°,相对孔径1/2.01;后组两副光轴的间距为8.2 mm,工作距为37.8 mm。镜头具有体积小、成本低、结构简单、成像质量好等特点。     

基于光子晶体光纤中多抽运四波混频效应的新型光层组播技术

光层组播是未来透明光子网络中一项重要的全光信号处理功能,提出并实验证实了一种基于色散平坦高非线性光子晶体光纤中多抽运四波混频效应的光层组播方法,将一束信号光与两束连续抽运光同时输入高非线性光子晶体光纤中,通过多抽运四波混频过程,产生四个携带该数据信息的闲频光,从而实现了单一信号的四信道光层组播功能,组播信道波长在35.2 nm范围可调谐,组播信道最大间距4.4 THz,最大转换效率-22 dB,最优Q因子为5.3,该方法的特点在于基于光纤中的四波混频效应工作,因而具有对调制格式和比特率透明的 关键词： 光层组播 多抽运四波混频 光子晶体光纤     

半导体放电管固体场畸变三电极开关

基于半导体放电管过电压自击穿原理,探索设计了一种固体场畸变三电极开关。该开关由两组半导体放电管阵列印刷电路组成,受到触发时,一组半导体放电管阵列首先击穿,另一组阵列继而过电压自击穿,开关导通。实验测试了特定幅值触发脉冲时的负载电压,初步验证了半导体放电管固体场畸变三电极开关设计的可行性。讨论了降低开关导通电感,提高通流能力、工作电压及运行频率的方法。     

光纤组束激光对可见光硅CCD的有效干扰距离分析

为了分析光纤组束激光对可见光硅CCD的有效干扰距离,对组束激光功率及可见光CCD的饱和阈值进行了分析。在弱湍流和热晕条件下对组束激光的远场功率密度进行了数值计算,计算结果表明该条件下组束激光对可见光CCD的有效干扰距离达到10km左右,组束激光是未来实施光电干扰的又一有效途径。     

Projective representations of the inhomogeneous Hamilton group: Noninertial symmetry in quantum mechanics

Symmetries in quantum mechanics are realized by the projective representations of the Lie group as physical states are defined only up to a phase. A cornerstone theorem shows that these representations are equivalent to the unitary representations of the central extension of the group. The formulation of the inertial states of special relativistic quantum mechanics as the projective representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group, and its nonrelativistic limit in terms of the Galilei group, are fundamental examples. Interestingly, neither of these symmetries include the Weyl–Heisenberg group; the hermitian representations of its algebra are the Heisenberg commutation relations that are a foundation of quantum mechanics. The Weyl–Heisenberg group is a one dimensional central extension of the abelian group and its unitary representations are therefore a particular projective representation of the abelian group of translations on phase space. A theorem involving the automorphism group shows that the maximal symmetry that leaves the Heisenberg commutation relations invariant is essentially a projective representation of the inhomogeneous symplectic group. In the nonrelativistic domain, we must also have invariance of Newtonian time. This reduces the symmetry group to the inhomogeneous Hamilton group that is a local noninertial symmetry of the Hamilton equations. The projective representations of these groups are calculated using the Mackey theorems for the general case of a nonabelian normal subgroup.     

Subgroups of Hypercubic Group and Many Electron States in Crystals

The point subgroups of index 2 of hypercubic group and their irreducible representations are obtained. The elements of the hypercubic group are represented as rotation about two axis. Possible physical meaning of hypercubic group for electron states is investigated. The reduction relations for the representations of orthogonal group O ₄ on hypercubic group are obtained. These relations are used for additional classification of electron states in crystals.     

激光原位角膜磨镶手术后不良症状的光学分析

测量了准分子激光原位角膜磨镶(LASIK)手术后人眼的单色像差。并根据术后症状,将所有数据分类为视物星芒状组、单眼复视组、视物雾状组和参考组。视物星芒状组和视物雾状组的三阶和四阶泽尼克(Zernike)像差的均方根(RMS)值明显大于无症状的参考组。术后有不良症状各组的人眼的调制传递函数(MTF)明显低于参考组的调制传递函数。在明视觉条件下,四阶像差特别是对称性的泽尼克球差,对调制传递函数的影响大;而在暗视觉条件下,三阶像差特别是非对称性的泽尼克彗差对调制传递函数的影响大。四阶以上的高阶像差对各有症状组的调制传递函数曲线有影响,而这些高阶像差对参考组的调制传递函数已无明显影响。像差的均方根值和调制传递函数曲线是研究术后不良症状的较有效光学手段。     

Magnetic monopoles in gauge theories

Magnetic monopoles in gauge theories are investigated. Let G be the gauge group and H the group of symmetries which are not spontaneously broken. The existence of magnetic monopoles is proved in the case when the group G has a compact covering group but the covering group of H is non-compact.     

Broken symmetry of lie groups of transformation generating general relativistic theories of gravitation

Intransitive Lie groups of transformations have invariant varieties which in suitable cases can be considered as space-times of a universe. The physical laws in the latter are expressed in terms of group theoretical notions. Theorems on the coincidences of group trajectories and geodesics are derived. The groups of linear transformations of the space of basis vectors are used as gauge groups to break the symmetry of the group of transformations and of their natural metric. It is shown that in case of the de Sitter group and its adjoint group as gauge group, one obtains in this way general relativistic theories of gravitation, especially Einstein's theory. More general aspects of the formalism are discussed.Article written in memoriam of B. Jouvet of the Collège de France     

光偏振态的群论描述:转动矩阵的生成元

应用偏振光描述中的变换矩阵与群论的对应关系[1]和相应的计算理论,讨论了与偏振光学系统中的Jones矩阵、Mueller矩阵相对应的SU(2)群、SO(3)群和Lorentz群的生成元问题,给出了用单位矩阵、Pauli自旋矩阵和稀疏矩阵分别作为无耗偏振光学系统中SU(2)群元(Jones矩阵)和SO(3)群元(Mueller矩阵)生成元以及部分损耗偏振光学系统中的幺模群(Jones矩阵)和Lorentz群(Mueller矩阵)生成元的具体形式;矩阵计算理论说明这些群元的生成元表示可以简化偏振光学系统的计算。     

Unification of Electromagnetic Interactions and Gravitational Interactions

Unified theory of gravitational interactions and electromagnetic interactions is discussed in this paper.Based on gauge principle, electromagnetic interactions and gravitational interactions are formulated in the same mannerand are unified in a semi-direct product group of U(1) Abelian gauge group and gravitational gauge group.     

Correlation between Post-LASIK Starburst Symptom and Ocular Wavefront Aberrations

Monochromatic aberrations in post laser in-situ keratomileusis （LASIK） eyes are measured. The data are categorized into reference group and starburst group according to the visual symptoms. Statistic analysis has been made to find the correlation between the ocular wavefront aberrations and the starburst symptom. The rms aberrations of the 3rd and 4th orders for the starburst group are significantly larger than those for the reference group. The starburst symptom shows a strong correlation with vertical coma, total coma, spherical aberrations. For 3-mm pupil size and 5.8-mm pupil size, the modulation transfer function （MTF） of the starburst group are lower than those of the reference group, but their visual acuities are close. MTF and PSF analyses are made for two groups, and the results are consistent with the statistical analysis, which means the difference between the two groups is mainly due to the third- and fourth-order Zernike aberrations.     

Group Invariant Solutions of the Plastic Torsion of Rod with Variable Cross Section

Based on the theory of Lie group analysis, the full plastic torsion of rod with arbitrary shaped cross sections that consists in the equilibrium equation and the non-linear Saint Venant-Mises yield criterion is studied. Full symmetry group admitted by the equilibrium equation and the yield criterion is a finitely generated Lie group with ten parameters. Several subgroups of the full symmetry group are used to generate invariants and group invariant solutions. Moreover, physical explanations of each group invariant solution are discussed by all appropriate transformations. The methodology and solution techniques used belong to the analytical realm.     

The extended loop group: An infinite dimensional manifold associated with the loop space

A set of coordinates in the non-parametric loop-space is introduced. We show that these coordinates transform under infinite dimensional linear representations of the diffeomorphism group. An extension of the group of loops in terms of these objects is proposed. The enlarged group behaves locally as an infinite dimensional Lie group. Ordinary loops form a subgroup of this group. The algebraic properties of this new mathematical structure are analyzed in detail. Applications of the formalism to field theory, quantum gravity and knot theory are considered.