电子能量损失谱探测银纳米棒与介质层强耦合的数值模拟

表面等离激元与量子发射体间的强耦合现象通常通过散射、吸收以及荧光等远场光谱探测方法进行研究.利用高度聚焦的电子束,电子能量损失谱能够实现亚纳米尺度的局域探测,可以更加有效地研究强耦合现象.本文在理论上分别模拟了银纳米棒、介质材料以及介质层包裹银纳米棒复合结构的电子能量损失谱.得到了可以与实验结果比拟的银纳米棒表面等离激元的电子能量损失谱.在上述复合结构的电子能量损失谱中观察到了谱峰的拉比劈裂,探究了银纳米棒尺寸对拉比劈裂的影响.分别在红外、可见光波段讨论了介质层的元激发与银纳米棒偶极辐射及高阶非辐射表面等离激元模式间的强耦合现象,从损失谱的空间分布成像角度探讨了强耦合引起的杂化等离激子(plexciton)的形成.本研究对强耦合现象的进一步实验和理论研究具有指导意义.     

金纳米环结构的光学性质研究

采用离散偶极子近似方法(DDA)研究了两种不同形状的金纳米环结构的消光光谱及其近电场分布, 研究了等离子体消光峰的红移、蓝移现象及消光系数与结构参数之间的关系, 并与盘状的金纳米结构进行了比较. 在等离子体共振峰波长入射时, 金纳米环结构比金纳米盘结构产生更大的局域增强电场分布, 横截面为圆形的金纳米环结构比横截面为矩形的结构具有更大的局域增强电场分布, 更适合作为表面增强拉曼散射的衬底. 关键词： 离散偶极子近似 金纳米环 金纳米盘 光学性质     

铝基银纳米阵列制备及其紫外-可见-近红外光吸收特性

基于阳极氧化铝模板,采用真空蒸镀技术,制备了高度有序的周期性银纳米球阵列.阵列几何结构参数调控实验发现,通过控制蒸镀厚度,可实现对阵列中银纳米球尺寸(直径)和间距的有效调控,进而有效实现对紫外-可见-近红外各波段吸收峰位和峰宽的调制.吸收光谱测试显示,该纳米阵列在紫外、可见和近红外波段都具有明显的电磁波吸收特性.时域有限差分理论模拟结合实验分析不同波段光吸收特性的物理机制,紫外超窄强吸收为银、铝介电环境非对称诱发的法诺共振,可见波段吸收源自于银纳米粒子局域表面等离子体共振,近红外波段强吸收为银纳米球阵列表面晶格共振所激发.     

金属复合纳米粒子的局域表面等离子体特性研究

提出了一种在银层上面覆盖一层金的四棱台复合纳米结构。采用离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法,针对光激发复合金属纳米粒子的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)进行研究,讨论了四棱台纳米粒子金银复合结构在不同尺寸、不同混合比等条件下的消光特性及折射率灵敏度。计算结果显示,在银层厚度为50 nm的四棱台纳米粒子上覆盖金层,其折射率灵敏度不变。同时,四棱台银纳米粒子厚度的增加会使其消光峰值波长蓝移。金材料比例的增加会使金银复合纳米结构的消光峰值波长红移。当金银复合结构的纳米粒子的厚度大于自由电子的平均自由程时,其局域表面等离子体激发强度不发生变化。     

银纳米棒双体结构的表面等离子体共振光学特性研究

利用时域有限差分方法,研究了银纳米棒双体结构的散射光谱及其电场分布,并对其局域表面等离子体耦合共振特性进行了分析。研究表明随着银纳米棒之间的距离变大,其表面等离子共振峰的强度逐渐变弱,横向四极模式和横向偶极模式峰位基本不变。纳米棒半径的增加和夹角的变大,都会引起峰值强度明显增强。通过场分布计算发现,纳米棒半径的增加和夹角的变大都可以在颗粒的近场区域产生"热点",这种局域电磁场显著的增强对表面增强拉曼散射、荧光探针、纳米催化等方面的应用具有参考价值。     

本征态的局域化与增益介质中局域态的放大

用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)模拟了二维增益、非增益随机介质中的光学现象。在非增益介质中，观察到了局域态空间分布及其频率特征。在增益介质中，观察到局域态的放大过程。模拟结果显示非增益介质中的局域态相当于传统激光腔的腔模，随机激光是由局域态谐振产生的。     

ZnO纳米柱无序介质中泵浦面积对局域模发射的影响

基于ZnO纳米柱制备及发光实验,建立了ZnO纳米柱的位置和大小都是无序的二维介质结构模型.通过构建增益模型,用时域有限差分法数值模拟了无序介质中频谱特性以及ZnO增益频谱范围内的某一个共振峰对应的波源在无序介质中的光场分布情况,发现了局域模的存在.分四种情况讨论了此局域模的受激辐射与泵浦面积的关系:改变泵浦功率,从左到...     

金属纳米颗粒光学性质的离散偶极近似计算

采用离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法,研究了单体银纳米粒子和银纳米粒子阵列的光谱特性。研究结果发现,单体银纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振消光峰的位置随着周围介质折射率和粒子尺寸的增大逐渐红移,并且消光光谱的峰宽也越来越大。当银纳米粒子正方阵列的周期接近单体的共振波长时,阵列的消光光谱中会出现尖锐的共振峰,改变粒子尺寸的大小可以发现消光光谱中共振峰的峰值和位置有大幅度地改变,通过改变阵列在平行和垂直于入射光偏振方向上的周期,可以调节二维长方阵列共振峰的峰宽和峰位。该研究为纳米粒子在光学显微镜、生物传感元件、数据存储等领域中的应用提供有效地理论参考。     

椭圆截面金纳米管的局域表面等离激元共振特性研究

基于时域有限差分方法研究了几何形状、入射电场偏振方向、管壁厚度及内核和包埋介质的变化对椭圆截面金纳米管局域表面等离激元共振特性的影响.研究发现,当长轴固定时,短轴的减小将导致纳米管消光峰红移;入射电场偏振方向与椭圆长轴夹角的增大将导致消光峰红移;当颗粒整体尺寸不变时,管壁厚度减小同样会使得消光峰红移.此外,内核及包埋介质介电常数的增大均导致消光峰红移.利用等离激元杂化理论及自由电子和振荡电子竞争机理对上述现象进行了理论分析. 关键词： 消光光谱 局域表面等离激元共振 金纳米管 时域有限差分方法     

聚噻吩中双电子极化子附近的二维局域振动模

将聚噻吩的一维SSH孤子模型推广到二维平面,研究了聚噻吩双电子极化子附近的二维局域振动模.计算结果表明双电子极化子附近存在15个局域振动模,其中4个奇宇称模与4条强红外吸收谱线1020,1120,1200,1323cm^-1相对应,4个偶宇称模恰与4条Raman吸收峰700,1047,1175,1220cm^-1一致. 关键词：     

Soliton interactions and asymptotic state analysis in a discrete nonlocal nonlinear self-dual network equation of reverse-space type

We propose a reverse-space nonlocal nonlinear self-dual network equation under special symmetry reduction,which may have potential applications in electric circuits.Nonlocal infinitely many conservation laws are constructed based on its Lax pair.Nonlocal discrete generalized(m,N?m)-fold Darboux transformation is extended and applied to solve this system.As an application of the method,we obtain multi-soliton solutions in zero seed background via the nonlocal discrete N-fold Darboux transformation and rational solutions from nonzero-seed background via the nonlocal discrete generalized(1,N?1)-fold Darboux transformation,respectively.By using the asymptotic and graphic analysis,structures of one-,two-,three-and four-soliton solutions are shown and discussed graphically.We find that single component field in this nonlocal system displays unstable soliton structure whereas the combined potential terms exhibit stable soliton structures.It is shown that the soliton structures are quite different between discrete local and nonlocal systems.Results given in this paper may be helpful for understanding the electrical signals propagation.     

Three-dimensional solitons and vortices in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

Three-dimensional solitary and vortex structures in Bose-Einstein condensates are studied in the framework of Gross-Pitaevskii model including the simultaneous action of local cubic-quintic nonlinearity and nonlocal dipole-dipole interactions. Nonlocal interactions are shown to change significantly the formation threshold and the numbers of atoms confined into the coherent structures. An appearance of robust high-order (m=2) three-dimensional vortices is revealed.     

Formation of nanobumps and nanoholes in thin metal films by strongly focused nanosecond laser pulses

Nanobumps and nanoholes have been formed in gold and silver films with various thicknesses on a dielectric substrate by strongly focused single nanosecond pulses of a Nd:YAG laser. An apertureless dielectric fiber probe and an aspherical lens with a numerical aperture of 0.5 were used to focus laser radiation into a diffraction-limited spot on the surface of gold and silver films, respectively. Atomic force and electron microscopy studies have demonstrated that the shape and dimension of nanostructures, as well as the threshold parameters of laser radiation for their formation, are determined by the thickness of a modified film (“size effect”) and by the duration of a laser pulse owing to the lateral heat conduction in films (nonlocal energy deposition effect). Mechanisms of the dynamic formation of such structures in metallic films by nanosecond laser pulses due to phase transformations of their material have been discussed.     

Nonlocal optical properties in AlGaAs/GaAs coupled quantum well nanostructures

Nonlocal intersubband optical absorption properties in AlGaAs/GaAs coupled quantum well (CQW) nanostructures are investigated for a p-polarized light in the case of taking spatial nonlocality of optical response into account. The numerical results show that the spatial nonlocality of optical response can lead optical spectrum lines to have a radiation shift due to the nonlocal effects, and the spatial nonlocality is associated closely with the coupling effects between the potential wells of the CQW system. The dependence of the radiation shift on structure parameters of the CQW is clarified. It is also demonstrated that the maximal radiation shift and the least optical absorbance can be obtained by optimizing structure parameters of the CQW. These results may be constructive in designing nanomaterials with various nonlocality and observing the spatial nonlocal effects in experiment.     

On correct nonlocal generalized theories of elasticity

The paper discusses nonlocal elasticity theories among which are models of media with defect fields, gradient elasticity theories, and hybrid nonlocal elasticity theories. Gradient theories are analyzed, and their correctness properties are examined. Applied theories that satisfy the correctness conditions are developed, and known applied gradient theories are verified for the correctness properties. A new nonlocal generalized theory has been developed for which the operator of balance equations is represented as the product of the equilibrium operator of classical elasticity theory and the Helmholtz operator. It is shown that this theory is one-parameter and is the only representative of hybrid models constructed by a complete system of equations for forces and moments. Unlike classical elasticity that is free from scale parameters characterizing the internal material structure, nonlocal elasticity theories naturally incorporate these parameters. That is why they are suitable for the modeling of scale effects and find application in the solution of numerous applied problems for heterogeneous structures with developed phase interfaces where the degree of influence of scale effects depends on the density of phase boundaries. Nonlocal continuum models are especially attractive for modeling the properties of various micro/nanostructures, elastic properties of composites and structured materials with submicron- and nanosized internal structures in which effective properties are to a great extent defined by the scale effects (short-range interaction effects of cohesion and adhesion). Generalized elasticity theories even for isotropic materials contain many additional physical constants that are difficult or impossible to determine experimentally. Applied models with a small number of additional physical parameters are therefore of great interest. However, the reduction of nonlocal theories aimed at reducing the number of additional parameters is a nontrivial task and may lead to incorrect theories. The goal of this paper is to study the symmetry properties in gradient theories, to analyze the correctness of gradient theories, and to develop applied one-parameter elasticity theories.     

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles

In this paper we overview our recent studies of anisotropic noble metal (e.g. gold and silver) nanoparticles, in which a combination of theory and experiment has been used to elucidate the extinction spectra of the particles, as well as information related to their surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We used wet-chemical methods to generate several structurally well-defined nanostructures other than solid spheres, including silver nanodisks and triangular nanoprisms, and gold nanoshells and multipods. When solid spheres are transformed into one of these shapes, the surface plasmon resonances in these particles are strongly affected, typically red-shifting and even splitting into distinctive dipole and quadrupole plasmon modes. In parallel, we have developed computational electrodynamics methods based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method to determine the origins of these intriguing optical features. This has resulted in considerable insight concerning the variation of plasmon wavelength with nanoparticle size, shape and dielectric environment, as well as the use of these particles for optical sensing applications.     

氧化锌纳米结构的制备及发光性质研究

采用化学气相沉积方法,在氩气和氧气混合气氛下制备了两种四角结构的纳米氧化锌。初始反应物为纯锌粉,反应过程中没有采用任何触媒。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、光致发光光谱研究了纳米产物的结构和光学性质。获得的纳米产物为高纯的纤锌矿结构氧化锌。两种氧化锌纳米产物具有三维立体的四角结构,分别为四角锥-片状结构和四角锥-线状结构,具有较大的长径比,呈典型的微/纳结构。通过对两种氧化锌纳米结构的紫外发射峰和可见发射带的对比研究,探讨了氧化锌纳米产物可见发射带的起源,以及影响其发光性质的主要因素。     

Acoustic cavitation for engineering of gold sols in silver nitrate solutions

Binary gold-silver nanostructures of preformed gold nanoparticles (25nm) in silver nitrate solutions are produced by a two step sonication (20kHz). Ultrasonic treatment of gold-silver mixtures is carried out in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate in water or 2-propanol, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in ethylene glycol solutions. Gold-silver nano-worms, which consist of ripened gold particles connected by ultrasonically reduced silver, are formed after 1h of sonication in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution. In 2-propanol bimetallic nano-worms have a well defined core-shell structure. Polygonal alloy nanoparticles with gold as a core material and a silver shell are produced after 180min of sonication in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in ethylene glycol solution. Bimetallic gold-silver nanostructures have defected face centered cubic structure and represent polycrystals with a large number of crystallites randomly oriented. For the first time, the mechanism of gold particle design by ultrasound is examined in detail. The role of additives (sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethylene glycol and 2-propanol) as reductants of silver at the gold contact surface or stabilizers of particles is highlighted.     

Nonlocal transformations for accelerated observers

According to the locality postulate of special relativity, the measurements of physical fields by accelerated observers at a given event in Minkowski spacetime are related to each other by the representations of the Lorentz group. Nonlocal extensions of these representations are necessary, however, once acceleration‐induced nonlocality is taken into account. The particular case of Dirac spinors is treated in detail and the corresponding nonlocal transformation group is studied.     

Infinitely many nonlocal symmetries and nonlocal conservation laws of the integrable modified KdV-sine-Gordon equation

Nonlocal symmetries related to the Bäcklund transformation (BT) for the modified KdV-sine-Gordon (mKdV-SG) equation are obtained by requiring the mKdV-SG equation and its BT form invariant under the infinitesimal transformations. Then through the parameter expansion procedure, an infinite number of new nonlocal symmetries and new nonlocal conservation laws related to the nonlocal symmetries are derived. Finally, several new finite and infinite dimensional nonlinear systems are presented by applying the nonlocal symmetries as symmetry constraint conditions on the BT.