紫外可见光谱法测定Cr3+电化学氧化过程中的Cr2O2-7

应用紫外可见光谱法对以二氧化铅为阳极,硫酸介质中Cr~(3 )电化学氧化过程中反应生成的Cr_2O_7~(2-)进行了分析测定,并测定了该反应过程的现场光谱。实验结果表明,以350nm作为Cr_2O_7~(2-)的定量吸收波长,可以测定Cr~(3 )电化学氧化过程中的Cr_2O_7~(2-)浓度,其摩尔吸光系数为1.98×10~3L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),体系中Pb~(2 )的存在对测定没有干扰。该反应过程的现场光谱测定表明,在以硫酸为介质、二氧化铅为阳极的Cr~(3 )电化学氧化反应生成Cr_2O_7~(2-)过程中,没有检测到中间体。     

Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3复合氧化物热力学性质的研究

在1182—1386K温度范围内,用固体电解质氧浓差电池: Mo|Cr,Y_2O_3,Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3|ZrO_2(+MgO)|Cr,Cr_2O_3|Mo测定了复合氧化物Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3的热力学性质。对于反应 Y_2O_(3_(s))+Cr_2O_(3(s))=Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_(3(s)),得到 △G_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0=39160-34.97T(实验误差±350cal/mol)或 △G_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0=163900-146.3T(实验误差±1450cal/mol).因为△G_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0与温度T的关系为直线关系,所以若将△G~0=a+bT与△G~0=△H~0-T△S~0两式比较,a和-b的物理意义可认为分别相当于在公式适用温度范围内△H~0与△S~0的平均值。因此 △H_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0=39160cal/mol或193900J/mol, △S_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0=34.97cal/(mol·K)或146.3J/(mol·K)。 如将化合物写作YCrO_3的形式,各热力学数据为上述各值的一半。     

基于纳米金显色反应的阵列传感器结合化学计量学检测重金属离子

实验设计了一种灵敏度高、操作简单、价格低廉的阵列传感器可同时测定多种金属离子和金属含氧酸根。该方法基于纳米金显色反应的原理,结合化学计量学方法,利用230~800nm波段的光谱代替传统的单变量(A620/A520)分析方法建立PLS定量分析模型和PLS-DA分类模型,得到了满意的结果。我们利用氨基酸可以防止纳米金溶胶在高浓度氯化钠溶液中聚沉的性质设计一个基于氨基酸、纳米金颗粒和待测物之间竞争反应为基础的阵列传感器检测金属离子和金属含氧酸根。基于Cd~(2+),Ba~(2+),Mn~(2+),Ni ~(2+),Cu~(2+),Fe~(3+),Cr~(3+),Cr_2O_7~(2-),Sn~(4+),Pb~(2+)诱导氨基酸-AuNPs聚沉体系的紫外-可见光谱具有明显差异。PLS-DA模型成功地识别了水溶液中的九种金属阳离子和一个含氧酸根,分类准确率达到100%。利用化学计量学方法和上述阵列传感器同时定量分析了二元和三元体系(Cr~(3+)/Cr_2O_7~(2-),Fe~(3+)/Cd~(2+),Fe~(3+)/Cr~(3+)/Cr_2O_7~(2-))中的金属离子和金属含氧酸根。传感单元的增加进一步提高了该方法的准确性和可靠性,为复杂体系中金属离子和金属含氧酸根的定量分析提供了可能性。     

无机铬化合物的光声光谱研究

本文测定了某些无机铬化合物(K_2CrO_5,K_2Cr_2O_7,Cr_2O_3,Cr(NO_3)_3·6H_2O)的固体光声光谱图,并对Cr_2O_3含量进行了定量分析研究。     

近红外发光材料Mg2SnO4:Cr3+的制备及发光性质

采用高温固相法合成了一种新型近红外发光材料Mg_(2-x)SnO_4∶xCr~(3+)。利用X射线粉末衍射仪对样品的结构进行了表征,证明所得到的荧光粉具有单一尖晶石结构,掺杂离子的加入并没有改变晶体结构。利用荧光光谱和荧光衰减光谱对荧光粉的发光性质进行了研究。当被470 nm的蓝光激发时,荧光粉在700 nm处出现一个尖锐的发射峰(R锐线)和中心发射在750 nm处的宽带发射峰,分别归属于Cr~(3+)的~2E→~4A_2和~4T_2(~4F)→~4A_2跃迁。研究不同浓度Cr~(3+)掺杂对样品发光性质的影响,发现样品的发光强度随着Cr~(3+)浓度的增加而增大。当Cr~(3+)掺杂浓度x=0.02时达到最大值,之后出现发光强度的猝灭,猝灭机理为多极相互作用。样品的荧光寿命随着Cr~(3+)掺杂浓度的增大逐渐减小,从而证明Cr~(3+)之间存在着能量传递现象。Mg_(2-x)SnO_4∶xCr~(3+)系列荧光粉还表现出了近红外长余辉发光性质。     

Li_(1+x)Ge_(2-x)Al_xP_3O_(12)系统的相关系和电导

本文研究了Li_(1+x)Ge_(2-x)Al_xP_3O_(12)系统的相组成和电导的关系。发现用LiGe_2P_3O_(12)作为基体化合物,通过离子置换可以得到好的锂离子导体。用Al~(3+)置换LiGe_2P_3O_(12)中的Ge~(4+),在00.6时出现未知相,用少量Al~(3+)取代Ge~(4+)后电导率即突增,在固溶体范围内电导率随x值的增大而继续升高。x=0.5时达极大值。Li_(1.5)Ge_(1.5)Al_(0.5)P_3O_(12)在室温、300℃和450℃的电导率分别为3.5×10~(+5),1×10~(-2)和3.1×10~(-2)S cm~(-1),电导活化能为0.33eV,电子迁移数在10~(-5)数量级。     

Y~(3+)掺杂对Sr_(1-x)Ca_xSi_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)发光性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法制备了Sr_(1-x)Ca_xSi_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)系列荧光粉,研究Y~(3+)离子掺入对荧光粉发光性能的影响。对于Sr Si_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+),Y~(3+)离子掺入主要起到稳定Eu~(2+)价态的作用,避免Eu~(2+)氧化为Eu~(3+),从而提高Sr Si_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)的发光性能。对于Ca Sr Si_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+),Y~(3+)离子掺入除了稳定Eu~(2+)价态作用外,还能有效减小Eu~(2+)取代Ca~(2+)后晶格膨胀引起的应力,提高Eu~(2+)在晶格中的溶解度。Sr_(1-x)Ca_xSi_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)(x=0,0.15,0.3,0.6,0.75,0.95)系列荧光粉中随着Ca含量的增加,共掺Y~(3+)离子对样品发光强度的提高程度也随之增加(20%~80%)。     

Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉的近红外量子剪裁效应

硅材料带隙与太阳光子光谱的失配导致了比较严重的光子损失,大大降低了硅太阳能电池的效率。为了减少入射光子的损失,可以利用具有近红外量子剪裁效应的光谱转换材料来提高硅太阳能电池的效率。本研究采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉,并研究了其近红外量子剪裁效应。实验结果表明:在320 nm的紫外光激发下,Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉发射出Tb~(3+):5D4→~7F_j的可见光;另外,由于Tb~(3+)、Yb~(3+)离子之间的合作能量传递,得到了Yb~(3+):~7F_(5/2)→7F7/2的近红外发光。荧光寿命衰减证明Tb~(3+)到Yb~(3+)之间的确存在合作能量传递,而且存在量子剪裁效应,其中,能量传递效率为35.9%,量子剪裁效率为135.9%。由于Yb~(3+)的发射光谱与硅太阳能电池的吸收匹配,Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉有可能作为潜在的光谱转换材料应用于硅太阳能电池以提高其光电转换效率。     

Al~(3+)/Mo~(6+)双离子取代ZrV_2O_7中Zr~(4+)/V~(5+)实现近零膨胀

采用固相烧结法制备了Zri_(1-x)Al_(2-x)V_(2-x)Mo_xO_7(0≤x≤0.9),并通过调整Al~(3+)/Mo~(6+)对ZrV_2O_7中的Zr~(4+)/V~(5+)离子替代量来实现近零膨胀,对于较小的x值(x≤0.3),材料保持了与ZrV_2O_7相同的立方相结构.随着Al~(3+)/Mo~(6+)替代量的增加,(Al/Zr)~-和(Mo/V)~+之间的库仑相互作用逐渐加强,这种库仑相互作用导致材料中未发生畸变的立方相晶体结构逐渐减少.当x≥0.7时,材料中立方相晶体结构完全消失.在425-750 K温度区间内,Zr_(0.5)Al_(0.5)M_(0.6)O_7展示出近零膨胀性质(-0.39×l0~(-6)K~(-1)).Zr_(0.5)Al_(1.5)V_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_7的低热膨胀性能可能与Al~(3+)/Mo~(6+)对ZrV_2O_7中Zr~(4+)/V~(5+)部分替代引起部分晶体结构发生的畸变及其对未替代部分的晶格结构的影响有关.     

以吐温-80为增溶剂催化光度法测定痕量钒(Ⅴ)

本文报道了在硫酸性介质中 ,以吐温 - 80为增溶剂 ,溴酸钾氧化姜黄催化光度法测定痕量钒 ( )的新体系。方法的检出限为 2 .6× 10 -3mg· L-1;相对标准偏差为 2 .7% (n=9) ,线性范围为 0 .0 12— 0 .0 4 0mg· L-1。可用于测定水样中痕量钒 ( ) ,结果满意     

Theoretical Study of Collision-Induced Double Transitions in CO(2)-X(2) (X(2) = H(2), N(2), and O(2)) Pairs

The double vibrational collision-induced absorptions CO(2) (nu(3) = 1) + X(2) (nu(1) = 1) <-- CO(2) (nu(3) = 0) + X(2) (nu(1) = 0), for X(2) = H(2), N(2), and O(2) are studied on the basis of quantum lineshapes computed using isotropic potentials and dipole-induced dipole functions. The linestrengths and energies of the vibration-rotation transitions are treated explicitly for X(2) and utilizing the HITRAN database for CO(2). From the frequency-dependent absorption profiles, the integrated absorption intensities are determined to be 7.2 +/- 1.2, 1.2 +/- 0.1, and 1.1 +/- 0.2 (10(-4) cm(-2) amagat(-2)) for the H(2), N(2), and O(2) collision partners, respectively. The integrated intensities for H(2) and N(2) agree well with previously measured and calculated results, while the value for O(2), which represents the first theoretical determination for this absorption, is approximately four times greater than the only experimental measurement (0.29 x 10(-4) cm(-2) amagat(-2)). Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Infrared Spectra of Morfolonium (mpH)2Mo2Cl6(H20)2(I),(mpH)2Mo2ClxBr6-x(H2O)2(II)/ (mpH)2Mo2Br6(H2O)2(III) and the Pyridinium (PyH)2Mo2I6(H2O)2(IV)Hexahalo-di(aquo): dimolybdate(II) Complexes,Containing Quadruple Metal-Metal Bounds

Abstract

The electronic (800–400 nm), infrared (4000–200,400–20 cm^?1), ordinary Raman (400–200 cm^?1) spectra of morpholinium and the pyridium hexahalo-di(aquo) dimolybdate(II) complexes, containing quadruple metal-metal bonds were investigated. The electronic spectra of the solid compounds at various temperatures (25,100 and 300K) demonstrate intense and structured bands in the visible region (510–582 nm) attributed to the expected δ→δ? transitions.

From the infrared and Raman spectra, the skeletal stretching modes in these complexes have been localized, and the charectenstic bands of these ions were observed in the expected regions.

Finally, the ionic interections were relatively weak, but the existance of phenomena was perceptible and the result was obtained in agreement with X-ray data.     

Comparison of Enhancement Effect of DNA-Mediated Energy Transfer by Divalent Cations:Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),Mn~(2+),Co~(2+),and Ni~(2+)

The effect of various metal ions on the DNA mediated energy transfer between simultaneously bound drugs was investigated using spectroscopic methods. It was found that addition of divalent metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+) resulted in further decrease of the ethidium fluorescence intensity, while a small increase was observed in the TMPyP emission band, implying that the energy of excited ethidium was transferred to TMPyP. This DNA-mediated quenching efficiency between ethidium and TMPyP was significantly enhanced by the presence of all metal ions. Among the divalent metal ions, alkali earth metal ions and Mn2+ displayed higher quenching efficiencies than other transition metal ions. The distances required to permit the energy transfer between the two drugs in DNA were calculated as 68, 66, 62, 48 and 38  in the presence of 100 μmol·L-1 of Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ion, respectively. The disturbed binding conformation of TMPyP in DNA by metal ions presumably accounts for the difference.     

Isomeric Cl(2)O(2)(+) and Cl(2)O(2)(-) ions

Charged species structurally related to several isomers of Cl(2)O(2), of considerable importance in atmospheric chemistry, were obtained by chemical ionization (CI) and characterized by collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) mass spectrometry. The ClOClO(+) and [Cl(2)-O(2)](+) species were prepared by positive ion Cl(2)/CI of ClO(2) and O(2), respectively, whereas the ClClO(2)(+) isomer proved an elusive species of considerably lower stability. The ClClO(2)(-) anion was obtained from the negative ion Cl(2)/CI of ClO(2). The formation process, structure and stability of the ions are discussed in connection with available theoretical results and related to the recent preparation of (Cl(2)O(2))(+)SbF(6)(-) and (Cl(2)O(2))(+)Sb(2)F(11)(-) salts in the solid phase. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The nu(2) Band of Formaldehyde-d(2)

High-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the nu(2) band (1590-1780 cm(-1)) of deuterated formaldehyde D(2)CO has been recorded. More than 2500 rovibrational transitions have been assigned up to J(max) = 52 and K(max)(a) = 17. The upper state v(2) = 1 (A(1)) was found to be perturbed by a DeltaK(a) = 2 interaction with the v(4) = 2 (A(1)) state. To explain the resonance perturbation in the v(2) = 1 state, some lines of the 2nu(4) band (the band center at about 1868 cm(-1)) have also been assigned. Both bands were fitted simultaneously to the Watson-type rotational Hamiltonian using I(r) representation in A reduction, and the mutual interaction was taken into account. As a result, the rotational parameters of the v(2) = 1 state up to eighth order and the interaction parameter have been obtained. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Fluorescence Excitation Spectrum of a (2)Pi(3/2)-(2)Pi(3/2) Transition of NiF

In this study, a supersonic beam of NiF was produced by the reaction of SF(6) with a dc discharge-sputtering source of nickel atoms. The laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum of a (2)Pi(3/2)-(2)Pi(3/2) transition has been recorded in the range of 500-520 nm and rotational structure of 506.5-nm band analyzed under the 30 K rotational temperature. Our data are consistent with a (2)Pi(3/2) ground state for NiF. The lifetime of this band is measured. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Fourier Transform Spectra of the E(2)Pi(u)-X(2)Pi(g)((3/2)) System of CuCl(2)

High-resolution Fourier transform spectra of the laser-induced fluorescence of (63)Cu(37)Cl(2) produced in a cell have been recorded following excitation of a single vibronic level of the E(2)Pi(u) electronic state. Fluorescence occurs in combination bands to a broad spread of levels in the ground electronic state. A global vibronic model is proposed for the ground state based on an effective Hamiltonian, which fits the experimental data (2782 fluorescence lines, lower state quantum numbers: v(1) = 0-6, v(2) = 0-2, v(3) = 0-6, and J = 4(1/2)-80(1/2)) to 0.019 cm(-1) rms error. Vibrational, rotational and Renner-Teller parameters are obtained (e.g., omega(2) = 95.195(36) cm(-1), B(e) = 0.055106(3) cm(-1), epsilon = -0.1893(28)). A revised value for the equilibrium internuclear distance Cu-Cl is deduced: r(e)(Cu-Cl) = 0.20341(3) nm. The energy diagram of vibronic levels in the ground state is plotted up to 4000 cm(-1). Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

The angleICI Bending Satellites in the Millimeter-Wave Rotational Spectra of CH(2)I(2) and CD(2)I(2)

Rotational transitions in the first four excited states of the low-frequency angleICI bending mode, nu(4), have been assigned in the mm-wave rotational spectra of CH(2)I(2) and of CD(2)I(2). Measurements of transition frequencies, made over the frequency region 167-326 GHz and for J" up to 190, allowed determination of sextic level spectroscopic constants for all states. The changes in spectroscopic constants with vibrational excitation show very small anharmonicity, in spite of the very low frequency of this mode (121 cm(-1)). Vibrational excitation affects the moments of inertia in such a way that the planar moment P(b), about the plane perpendicular to both angleICI and angleHCH, is practically invariant. Vibrational change in P(c), the moment along the principal axis in the HCH plane and perpendicular to the angleHCH bisector, has been successfully reproduced with an ab initio harmonic force field so that there is no discernible vibrational change in angleHCH on excitation of angleICI. Finally, the change in P(a) leads to estimated vibrational change of +0.12 degrees in the value of angleICI itself. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Representation of osp (2, 2) q (2) andS-matrix of super sine-Gordon theory

We investigate the representations of the osp (2, 2) _q ⁽²⁾ algebra, which leads to theS-matrix of super sine-Gordon theory. TheS-matrix has been derived from supersymmetric conformal field theory with some assumptions. We show that the conjecturedS-matrix can be derived from the representation theory using a correspondence between the representations of osp (1, 2) _q and those of sl(2) _q .