对氯苯腈的双色共振双光子电离和质量分辨阈值电离光谱

本文利用双色共振双光子电离和质量分辨阈值电离光谱技术,研究了对氯苯腈分子第一电子激发态S₁和离子基态D₀的振动特征,确定了对氯苯腈分子S₁←S₀电子跃迁的激发能为35818±2 cm^–1,精确的绝热电离能为76846±5 cm^–1.对氯苯腈分子³⁵Cl和³⁷Cl两种同位素有相同的激发能和电离能以及相似的振动特征.采用高精度密度泛函方法,计算了对氯苯腈分子在中性基态S₀、第一电子激发态S₁、离子基态D₀的结构参数和振动频率,分析了电子激发和电离过程中对氯苯腈分子结构和振动频率的变化,并对激发态和离子基态的振动光谱进行了归属,振动光谱上的活性振动大多数是苯环平面内的弯曲振动.通过比较对氯苯酚、对氯苯胺、对氯苯甲醚、对氯苯腈与苯酚、苯胺、苯甲醚、苯腈分子的跃迁能,分析了取代基Cl原子与苯环之间的相互作用及其对分子跃迁能的影响.     

乙基苯的振动光谱和量化计算

用单色双光子共振电离方法研究了乙基苯的第一激发态的振动光谱. 从基态跃迁到第一激发态的带源位置出现在37586 cm^-1处.获得的第一激发态振动光谱超过了2000 cm^-1,并观察到了几个乙基取代基的扭转振动和与苯相似的正则振动. 同时,用含时密度泛函理论和单组态相互作用(CIS)方法计算了第一激发态的跃迁能量,用Hartree-Fock和CIS方法优化了基态和第一激发态分子结构,预测了振动频率. 基态和激发态结构的优化结果均显示为顺式结构,即乙基取代基的对称面垂直了苯基平面.     

固体的光散射讲座第二讲 分子振动及其喇曼光谱

分子的振动能量是量子化的,这些不连续的能量可用对应的一组振动量子数表示.当光和分子相互作用时,分子从一个振动量子态跃迁到另一个量子态所产生的光谱(喇曼谱和红外谱),我们称它为分子振动光谱.喇曼谱与红外谱,都是用来研究分子振动、分子碰撞所导致的能级跃迁、分子与光子以及其他粒子之间的相互作用等物理过程,从而提供对分子或固体的某些信息并推断分子或固体的空间构型及其对称性.喇曼光谱术已成为分析分子振动和晶格振动的重要实验手段.振动喇曼谱的理论是分子光谱学的一个重要方面. 激光出现以后,大大推动了喇曼光谱实验和理论研究…     

甲苯酚第一激发态的共振多光子电离谱

测量了间位甲苯酚和甲酚异构体混合物能量在３５１８０－３６００２ｃｍ＾－１范围的双光子共振四光子电离谱。对第一电子激发态振动带做了分析和归属，并对苯分子的不同取代对振动模的影响做了比较和分析。     

密度泛函理论研究对位卤代二苯醚的结构、电荷分布及光谱

利用密度泛函理论,对三种对位卤代二苯醚及二苯醚的分子结构、电荷分布及光谱振动进行定量化研究。选取B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法优化对位卤代二苯醚的分子结构,计算所获最优结构的红外及拉曼光谱振动频率,归属对位卤代二苯醚的光谱振动;借助核磁共振和密立根电荷分布计算,并结合二苯醚电荷分布分析引入不同对位卤素取代基对二苯醚各原子电荷分布的影响,从电荷分布角度研究对位卤素取代基对对位卤代二苯醚特征振动频率影响的变化规律和振动机理。结果表明：在对位卤代二苯醚最优结构下,对位卤代二苯醚取代基电负性越小,原子半径越大,C—X键长越大,越易被自然环境降解;对位卤素取代基的引入对二苯醚电荷分布影响较大,取代基电负性越大,醚键对位碳原子的电子云密度下降越多,间位碳原子的电荷分布变化受到卤素取代基与醚键氧原子的综合电子效应的影响,对邻位碳原子电荷分布影响不大;原子间电荷密度差对成键稳定性及特征振动频率影响较大,对位卤素取代基电负性越大,特征振动频率越高。     

激光诱导荧光光谱燃烧测温技术研究

基于分子激发态振动能级粒子碰撞能量弛豫过程的理论,本文提出了一种可望实现瞬态燃烧温度测量的新技术——激光诱导分子热助振动荧光光谱技术。建立了分于激发态振动能级粒子碰撞能量弛豫过程的四能级系统模型,以BaCl分子为对象实验研究了激光诱导热助振动荧光光谱的特性,通过以5170波长选择激发BaCl的C~2Ⅱ_(1/2)(v=1)←→)X~2∑(v=0)能级跃迁,对液化石油气/空气预混火焰温度进行了实验测量。     

双光子激发SO2气体激光诱导色散荧光光谱研究

以脉冲染料激光器579 nm激光为激发源,采用双光子激光诱导色散荧光光谱方法,对SO2分子第一激发带A对称电子态的激发及复杂退激发过程进行了实验研究.基态SO2分子吸收两个579 nm光子被激发至A1A2态,通过能量内转换或碰撞弛豫实现在A1 A2,B1 B1与a3B1态多个振转能级的再布居.三个电子态基振动能级向基态X1A1不同振动能级跃迁形成了305和425 nm处荧光包络与以347nm为中心的规则序列.另外,还观测到了SO2分子的三光子激发过程X1A1 →C1B2,此激发产生了200～278nm处的荧光包络和425nm处的谱线叠加现象.由实验数据计算出了SO2分子有关电子态的对称振动和弯曲振动模式的基振动角频率及非谐性常数.     

氨分子在0_0~0和2_0~1带的选择光离解

本文利用脉冲紫外激光(UV)选择激发氨分子到A~1A″_2电子激发态的两个最低振动能级υ′_2=0和υ′_2=1(ν_2振动),然后检测新生态H原子的飞行谱(TOF),研究了氨分子的光碎片动力学。光谱证实了最近所测的离解能D_0~0(H-NH_2)=4.645eV;绝大多数生成的NH_2(X~2B_1)基处于非振动激发,但是具有围绕a惯性轴的高度转动激发。通过NH_3(A)的υ′_2=1光离解产生的NH_2(X)基具有较高的内部激发,并且显示了在N=K_a转动能级上的反转布居。     

SO2气体激光诱导色散荧光时间断层扫描研究

以纳秒Nd:YAG激光器的四倍频（266 nm）为激发源,利用门选通增强光学多通道光谱分析仪 (OMA),研究了SO2分子第一激发带粒子的荧光辐射与碰撞弛豫相结合的复杂退激发过程。通过对SO2分子第一激发带的激发及碰撞弛豫过程的时间断层扫描分析,可以将激光诱导色散荧光谱中以305.6 nm、337.2 nm为中心的荧光包络和以424.7 nm为中心的规则序列分别归属于B1B1、A1A2低振动能级和a3B1基振动能级到基电子态X1A1不同振动能级的荧光跃迁,由此可以确定大气污染气体SO2的诱导荧光的灵敏检测波长为425 nm;由规则序列的实验数据可以计算出SO2分子基电子态X1A1的对称振动和弯曲振动模式的基振动角频率分别为ω1= 1151.8±0.6 cm-1和ω2= 517.8±0.6 cm-1,两振动模式的非谐性常数分别为 = 8±0.6 cm-1和 = 9.2±0.6 cm-1。     

FTIR法研究络合萃取邻氨基苯酚萃合物的结构

利用红外光谱研究二（2-乙基己基）磷酸和磷酸三丁酯络合萃取邻氨基苯酚在不同情况下的反应机理。结果表明：二（2-乙基己基）磷酸主要与邻氨基苯酚的—NH2发生反应,与邻氨基苯酚的阳离子和中性分子络合。萃取过程存在离子交换和离子缔合两种机制,生成相同结构的萃合物;而磷酸三丁酯主要与邻氨基苯酚的—OH发生反应,与邻氨基苯酚的中性分子发生氢键缔合,生成相同结构的萃合物;两种情况下生成萃合物的结构都与pH无关。     

Effects of electron-vibration coupling in transport through single molecules

Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we study the transport of electrons through C(60)?molecules on different metal surfaces. When electrons tunnel through a molecule, they may excite molecular vibrations. A fingerprint of these processes is a characteristic sub-structure in the differential conductance spectra of the molecular junction reflecting the onset of vibrational excitation. Although the intensity of these processes is generally weak, they become more important as the resonant character of the transport mechanism increases. The detection of single vibrational levels crucially depends on the energy level alignment and lifetimes of excited states. In the limit of large current densities, resonant electron-vibration coupling leads to an energy accumulation in the molecule, which eventually leads to its decomposition. With our experiments on C(60)?we are able to depict a molecular scale picture of how electrons interact with the vibrational degrees of freedom of single molecules in different transport regimes. This understanding helps in the development of stable molecular devices, which may also carry a switchable functionality.     

压强对介质阻挡放电中八边形结构等离子体温度的影响

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体中,首次观察到了由点和线组成的八边形结构。采用发射光谱法,研究了八边形结构中的点和线的等离子体温度随压强的变化关系。利用氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π几_g)的发射谱线,计算了点和线的分子振动温度;通过氮分子离子391.4 nm和氮分子394.1 nm两条发射谱线的相对强度比,研究了点和线的电子平均能量大小变化;利用氩原子763.26 nm(2P₆→1S₅)和772.13 nm(2P₂→1S₃)两条谱线强度比法,得到了点和线的电子激发温度。实验发现：在同一压强条件下,线比点的分子振动温度、电子平均能量以及电子激发温度均高;随着气体压强从40 kPa增大到60 kPa,点和线的分子振动温度、电子平均能量以及电子激发温度均减小。     

Electronic recoil effects in high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy

It is shown that the recoil energy imparted to the residual ion by the outgoing fast photoelectron leads to noticeable modifications of X-ray excited photoelectron spectra of molecules containing light atoms. The vibrational band envelopes may differ considerably from those predicted by the Franck-Condon principle. Al Kα excited valence electron bands are shown to exhibit, in addition to the translational recoil energy of the molecule, energy shifts of up to several tenth of an eV due to recoil-induced vibrational and rotational excitation. This effect has to be kept in mind when ionization potentials are determined from ESCA spectra. The recoil-induced vibrational and rotational excitation depends on the orbital quantum numbers of the ionized electron. Simple formulae for the shift of the centroid and the broadening of the band due to recoil effects are given for the special case of diatomic molecules.     

Isotope effects in vibrational excitation and dissociative electron attachment of DCl and DBr

The results of calculations of vibrational excitation and dissociative electron attachment cross-sections of DCl and DBr are reported. The calculations are based on the nonlocal resonance model for electron-HCl/HBr scattering. The cross-sections for many initial rovibrational target states were calculated both for the hydrogenated and the deuterated compounds. The calculations reveal an unexpected result: the vibrational excitation cross-section of the deuterated molecule may in some cases be (significantly) larger than that of the hydrogenated compound. This effect is observed when the target molecule is initially excited to a vibrational state the energy of which is close to the threshold of dissociative attachment. Rotational excitation of the target molecule plays a similar role. Isotope effects in dissociative electron attachment are also discussed.     

电子激发和溶剂效应对芴酮-甲醇分子间氢键增强现象的理论研究 (cited: 1)

理论研究了电子激发和溶剂效应导致的芴酮-甲醇复合体系中分子间氢键增强现象．通过基态和激发态性质的计算,不仅展示了分子间氢键键长的变化以及变化在振动光谱中的影响,而且揭示了导致氢键变化的内在物理机制：溶质分子的电子激发及溶剂化效应引起的电子重新分布,增大了溶质和溶剂分子的偶极矩,导致了它们之间的相互作用的增大,并最终加强了分子间氢键的强度．还分别对处于液相及气相中的复合体的基态和激发态的几何结构、红外谱、复合体及构成分子的偶极矩进行了理论计算,结果阐明了电子激发与溶剂化效应对氢键变化的贡献,同时还发现只有进一步引入溶剂化效应,复合体的基态、激发态的性质才能与实验达到精确一致．所有激发态均采用所开发的基于含时密度泛函理论解析计算一阶、二阶激发态能量导数的方法．     

Separation of dipole and impact scatterings in high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy: Experiment from model organic material

The interpretation of High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) spectra recorded from polymers remains a difficult task because of (1) the relatively poor resolution achieved on these non-ordered systems, (2) the large number of vibrational features induced by the numerous chemical groups in the monomer unit, (3) the superposition of the dipole, impact and resonant scattering mechanisms. In this report, the study of the physical mechanisms responsible for the electron–molecular vibration coupling is investigated, using a simple model system consisting of a well-ordered film of eicosanoic acid adsorbed on a GeS substrate and an hypothesis supposing that dipole scattering is extinguished in non specular geometry. The ordered character of the molecular layer allowed to separate the dipole from the impact contributions in the signal recorded in specular geometry. The results support the idea that any vibrational mode of an organic compound induced by electron excitation contains both contributions with different relative extent, depending on the chemical nature of the molecular group involved in the vibration and their orientation. Cross section measurements for both interaction mechanisms are in agreement with theoretical prediction, confirming the validity of this new and original method suggested for the separation of the interaction mechanisms. Furthermore, we measured a resonance near 6 eV impact energy as the intensity of the ν(C–D) band is enhanced for this impact energy. This observation again is in agreement with our hypothesis that the impact scattering is the dominant interaction mechanism involved in the vibrational excitation of the C–D group. This study allowed for a model of the geometry of adsorption of the molecule on the substrate. It is confirmed that the eicosanoic acid adsorbs the COO group on the substrate, with the long hydrocarbon chain standing up and the CD₃ terminating group pointing out of the surface.     

Substituent Effect on Infrared Spectra and Thermodynamic Properties of Polynitroamino Substituted Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane

运用密度泛函理论方法计算并研究了多硝基氮杂取代环戊烷和环己烷中的取代基效应. 基于B3LYP/6-31G**水平优化的分子结构,通过简谐振动分析,求得两类单环硝胺的红外光谱并作归属,发现理论计算值与已有实验值吻合较好. 基于统计热力学原理,求得它们的热力学性质,探讨了热力学性质与温度和取代基数目之间的关系. 结果表明,热力学性质与温度变化和取代基数目之间均很好地线性相关,同时取代基数目对热力学性质的变化具有基团加和性     

用差分收敛法研究NaLi分子部分电子态的完全振动能谱

基于双核分子振动能级的普遍表达式和差分收敛法(difference converging method, DCM), 利用微分思想将DCM应用于双核分子体系完全振动能谱的研究中. 应用DCM方法, 分别选用实验上获得的一组(10条)精确的振动能级, 对NaLi分子3¹Π, 4¹Π 和A¹Σ⁺电子态进行了研究, DCM的研究结果正确重复了已知数据并预测出了在实验上未能获得的包含高激发态在内的完全振动能谱数据, 同时计算得到了这3个电子态的振动光谱常数.     

Vibrational excitation of a molecule by a resonance current

Correct expressions are obtained for calculating a tunnel-resonance current through molecules. The participation of molecular vibrations in the resonance charge transfer through a molecule and vibrational excitation of the molecule are determined by the reorganization energy E _r of the vibrational system depending on the displacement of the equilibrium position of vibrational modes in passing from the neutral molecule to the resonance state of a molecular ion. The mean excitation energy of the molecule during the propagation of an elementary charge changes from E _r at the voltage across electrodes close to the threshold up to 2E _r at voltages considerably exceeding the threshold voltage. An expression is obtained for the stationary vibrational temperature of the molecule, which is proportional to the resonance current.     

An analytic algebraic approach to study the influence of molecular alignment and orientation on multiphoton excitation in intense laser fields

The influence of molecular alignment and orientation on multiphoton vibrational excitation of diatomic molecules H₂, HD, and D₂ is studied by an analytical algebraic approach. The explicit expressions of the time-evolution operator and the excitation probability are given. The long-time average absorbed energy spectra and the time-dependent absorbed energy are obtained. Results show that the impact of molecular orientation on the multiphoton resonant excitation is decided by the molecular type and molecular anharmonicity. This is valuable for controlling the vibrational excitation of molecules, which is relevant to the whole field of molecular physics and physical chemistry. Furthermore, good agreement with numerical simulation is achieved.