洛匈棱镜的正反向特性

给出了洛匈棱镜正、反向使用时分束角的精确表达式。从理论上证明,对任意合理的结构角及主折射率值来说,洛匈棱镜反向使用时的分束角小于正向使用时的分束角。研究了在锥光入射条件下洛匈棱镜中的e光和o光的传播方向、折射率、主平面、偏振方向等问题。证明了洛匈棱镜正向使用时第二块晶体中无偏折的光波只含有o光,参考圆圆周上各点光波的主平面相互平行,通过一个检偏器后可以实现消光;洛匈棱镜反向使用时,第二块晶体无偏折的光波同时包含了o光和e光,参考圆圆周上各点光波的主平面沿参考圆的径向,e光和o光的偏振方向分别沿径向和垂直于径向,通过检偏器后形成锥光干涉现象,不能消光。     

光纤型偏振器消光比测试方法研究

介绍了单模光纤偏振器和保偏光纤偏振器 (包括研磨型保偏光纤偏振器和线圈型保偏光纤偏振器 )消光比的基本测试方法。单模光纤偏振器的基本测试方法有偏振控制器法和旋转波片法 ;研磨型保偏光纤偏振器的基本测试方法有起偏器 45°法和消偏法 ;线圈型保偏光纤偏振器的基本测试方法有偏振控制器法和消偏法。对每种方法的优点和缺点以及在测试过程中可能会出现的问题进行了详细分析 ,并通过实验进行了验证     

Conoscopic patterns in photonic band gap of cholesteric liquid crystal cells with twist defects

We investigate theoretically the effects of the angle of incidence on light transmission through cholesteric liquid crystals. The systems are two-layer sandwich structures with a twist defect created by rotation of the one layer about the helical axis. The conoscopic images and polarization-resolved patterns are obtained for thick layers by computing the intensity and the polarization parameters as a function of the incidence angles. In addition to the defect angle-induced rotation of the pictures as a whole, the rings associated with the defect mode resonances are found to shrink to a central point and disappear, as the defect twist angle varies from zero to its limiting value π/2 and beyond.     

White light interferometry test and analysis of LiNbO3 polarizer

White light interferometer can be used to measure the amplitude extinction ratio (ER) of polarizer and coupling distribution in fiber. A LiNbO₃ polarizer coupled with a polarization maintaining fiber and a silica planar waveguide at the two ends was measured using white light interferometer. According to the principles of optical coherence domain polarimeter (OCDP) technique, the test scheme is analyzed and presented to measure the ER of LiNbO₃ polarizer with its apparatus proposed correspondingly. By analyzing the interference intensity, both the ER of LiNbO₃ polarizer and its coupling crosstalk with optical fiber and waveguide are obtained. The results illustrate that the ER of a 5 mm-long LiNbO₃ polarizer is 71 dB and the crosstalk of the coupling points are around 40 dB. The results have good agreement with analysis.     

Rotations of eigenvibration direction in anisotropic crystals

The electric field of incident light induces dipoles in anisotropic media, vibrating in two perpendicular directions of the principal axes. Because of the tensor property of the dielectric constant, an induced dipole is subject to a torque, tending to rotate it about the axis parallel to the propagation direction. The directions of eigenvibration of the ordinary (o-ray) and extraordinary (e-ray) waves are no longer perpendicular in this sense. We propose here the relationships to describe the rotation of the induced dipole in the perpendicular electric fields. The rotation angles are found to increase with increasing dielectric constants and electric field strength of the incident light, exhibiting large values near the resonance frequencies in the infrared range at the azimuth angle /4 of the polarized incident light. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric crystals have a large value of the dielectric constant in the infrared frequency range. Rotations of the vibration direction of the o-ray and the e-ray waves are shown in the infrared transmission spectra recorded by incidence of the polarized light and transmission through piezoelectric and ferroelectric crystals (-quartz, LiNbO₃, and LiTaO₃). Interference of the o-ray and the e-ray waves transmitted through the crystals confirms the rotations of the vibration directions, a self-modulation effect of light in piezoelectric and ferroelectric crystals induced by the electric field of the propagating light.     

一种液晶透镜盒间隙的测试方法

针对当前液晶透镜盒间隙测试存在的难题, 文中提出采用线偏振干涉法测试方法, 采用光强均匀分布的单色光入射, 检偏器的偏光轴方向与起偏器的偏光轴垂直或者平行, 液晶透镜的液晶取向层的摩擦方向与起偏器偏振轴夹角为45°, 此时干涉条纹亮暗差别最明显. 利用液晶透镜中心保持预倾角不变的透过率以及其他位置透过率最大值来计算液晶透镜的盒间隙, 该方法简单、可靠, 因采用光学手段测试, 其精确度相对较高. 关键词： 液晶透镜 盒间隙 线偏振光干涉 透过率     

双轴晶体会聚偏光干涉的理论与实验研究

晶体会聚偏光干涉图包含了晶体特性的许多信息,建立偏光干涉图的定量分析方法可以使这些信息得到充分利用。基于双轴晶体折射时满足的波矢关系,导出了两折射光波相位差的精确计算公式。分析了光波在各界面折射时偏振态的变化,提出了会聚偏光干涉合成振幅的计算方法。针对任意取向的双轴晶体,计算了完整的偏光干涉图,反映了相位分布决定等色线、振幅分布决定消光影的规律。用数字图像模似了干涉图,并讨论了干涉图的变化情况。对4块不同取向的KTP晶片进行实验,实验干涉图与理论干涉图的特征完全一致,两者仔细对比可判断现有KTP晶体色散方程的优劣。     

聚合物网络稳定液晶的电光偏振片

制备了一种散射偏振片,它是由非晶态单体形成的聚合物网络、向列液晶和涂有聚酰亚胺的ＩＴＯ玻璃基板组成。聚酰亚胺被反向平行摩擦,液晶分子则沿摩擦方向取向,并被单体形成的网络所稳定。根据聚合物网络液晶的电光特性可知。入射偏振光束被散射或透射相应地取决于其偏振方向平行还是生趣于基板的摩擦方向。平行时,光的散射强度通过电场可被强烈地调节;垂直时,光的透过率很高,几乎不依赖施加的电场。这种偏振器件具有低的驱动     

像素偏振片阵列制备及其在偏振图像增强中的应用

像素偏振片阵列在实时测量光的斯托克斯参量方面具有重要的应用.本文设计和制作了基于金属铝纳米光栅的像素偏振片阵列,制作工艺基于电子束曝光技术.偏振片阵列单元尺寸为7.4μm,每相邻2×2单元的透偏振方向分别为0,7π/4,π/2和3π/4.光栅周期为140 nm,占空比为0.5,深度100 nm,光栅面型为矩形.像素偏振片阵列的扫描电子显微镜照片显示,制备的偏振片阵列的金属纳米光栅栅线无断线、无交叉、无杂物污染,光栅栅线结构平直,厚度均匀,满足理想矩形面型.采用偏振光作为照明光的光学显微镜拍摄图片显示,像素偏振片阵列整体形状规则,具有很好的偏振特性,最大偏振透射率可达到79.3%,消光比可达到454.将像素偏振片阵列与CCD(charge coupled device)集成在一起,采集单帧图像即可计算图像的斯托克斯参量,从而得到拍摄物体线偏振度图像和线偏振角图像,实现了偏振增强,可应用于目标反隐和识别.     

Analysis of the random disturbance in transmission intensity for Lippich prisms

We have theoretically studied the transmission intensity disturbance in the spinning Lippich prism polarizer. Experimental results indicate that the variation of the transmission intensity with the rotation angle deviates from Malus’ cosine-squared law and exhibits stochastic fluctuations. We first consider the effect of the discontinuous rotation of the polarizer. Then we study the effect of the stochastic vibration of the polarizer in the direction perpendicular to the rotation direction based on the multi-beams interference theory. The numerical result confirms that the latter contributes majorly to the disturbance. Further studies show that the magnitude of the disturbace depends sensitively on the cement material of the polarizer, and it can be reduced to rather low levels when appropriate material is selected.     

反射式光学电压互感器光路建模及偏振误差分析

光路系统的偏振误差极大地制约着准互易反射式光学电压互感器的准确度.借助琼斯矩阵,建立了分立光学器件及光纤熔接点的传输模型,推导出完整的电压互感器光路系统的数学模型.以此模型为基础,对电压互感器中的偏振误差进行了仿真分析.结果表明：光源偏振度、起偏器消光比及起偏器与相位调制器的对轴角度主要影响系统的检测灵敏度|法拉第准直旋光器的旋光角度、法拉第准直旋光器与BGO晶体的对轴角度误差是主要的偏振误差源,影响系统的测量准确度及稳定性|根据电子式电压互感器IEC60044-7 0.2S级标准,法拉第旋光角度误差应该小于1.6°,旋光器与BGO晶体对轴角度误差小于1.85°.该研究对准互易反射式光学电压互感器光路设计和误差抑制具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

2600W偏振耦合高效率半导体激光光源

将两个中心波长为808 nm,输出功率为1500W的半导体激光叠阵,经过快慢轴准直后,利用半波片将其中一个叠阵的偏振方向旋转90°,使用偏振分光平板的耦合功能,将两个偏振方向相互垂直的激光耦合到一个光路.扩束后再通过焦距为100 mm的聚焦镜组聚焦,提高激光器的亮度.在工作电流为75 A时,输出功率达到了2600 W,...     

Measurement of tilt of a diffuse object by double-exposure speckle photography using speckle fanning in a photorefractive BaTiO3 crystal

A technique has been proposed for the measurement of tilt of a diffuse object using speckle fanning in a photorefractive BaTiO₃ crystal. Free space geometry has been used for recording in which the axis of rotation of the object lies away in three-dimensional space. The method is based on recording of two exposures, one before- and another after the tilt, thus producing speckle correlation fringes due to overlapping of two speckle fans. We consider a generalized case of tilt, generating curved fringes with center shifted in the transverse direction. The axis of rotation lies perpendicular to the optical axis in three-dimensional space having the transverse and axial components of the shift in the center of rotation with respect to the diffuser plane. Fourier transform of the curved fringes produces correlation output. Measure of separation between the correlation peaks in transverse and axial directions provides information about the tilt angle, the direction of tilt, and the distance of rotation axis from the optical axis. Experimental results have been presented to validate the theoretical predictions.     

Interference method of measuring the extinction coefficient of birefringent optical fibers

The extinction coefficient of a birefringent optical fiber (the ratio between the radiation power output of the polarization mode and the radiation power transferred from this mode to another one) characterizes the capability of a birefringent fiber to retain the polarization state of the radiation. In relatively short birefringent fibers (1–100 m), the extinction coefficient may reach 10⁴–10⁶. Such high values of the extinction coefficient are difficult to measure by standard techniques (excitation of one polarization mode by an incoherent source with subsequent recording of the light intensity at the output of the analyzer). An interference method of measuring the extinction coefficient of birefringent fibers is suggested. It is based on using a coherent source and measuring interference oscillations caused by an additional phase modulation at the input of the fiber. This method does not require precise polarization matching between the laser source and fiber and considerably loosens requirements for the polarizer-analyzer extinction and resolution of the photodetector. As a result, using simple standard components (semiconductor laser, film polarizer, and photodetector), one can measure extinction coefficient as high as 10⁶. The suggested interference method of measuring the extinction coefficient of birefringent fibers receives a theoretical analysis, and experimental data obtained for 2- to 1000-m-long fibers are presented.     

Reciprocity of Faraday effect in ferrofluid: Comparison with magneto-optical glass

The transmission light intensity method is carried out on a classical platform to study the reciprocity of Faraday effect in water-based Fe₃O₄ ferrofluid and its diluents. Setting the polarization direction of the analyzer at an angle of 45° to that of the polarizer, the switchable DC magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field are imposed to ferrofluid. The ferrofluid film is replaced by magneto-optical glass for contrastive experiments. The results indicate that ferrofluid is different with magneto-optical glass. Even though the direction of magnetic field is reversed, the rotation direction of the polarized light does not change for ferrofluid. The theoretical model of magneto-optical rotation was used to describe the origin of the reciprocity of Faraday effect in ferrofluid and the non-reciprocity in magneto-optical glass. These findings suggest that the magnetic moments of nanoparticles in ferrofluid tend to the same orientation with the magnetic field because of the rotation of particles.     

Determination of gyrotropic characteristics in tetragonal zinc and cadmium diphosphide crystals

We have reported on the results of an investigation of the gyrotropic properties of zinc and cadmium diphosphide tetragonal crystals. It has been found that the regime of obtaining crystals affects the specific rotation of the light polarization plane in a cadmium diphosphide. It has been shown that the dispersion of optical activity in the polarizer–optically active crystal–analyzer system leads to oscillations in the transmission spectra under certain conditions. The peculiar optical properties of gyrotropic crystals placed in between two polarizers can be used to construct optical filters.     

Numerical Simulations of femtosecond-laser-induced dynamic alignment of molecules in the high-frequency off-resonance regime

The motion equation for ? between the molecular axis and laser polarization direction in a high-frequency off-resonance femtosecond laser field is deduced while simultaneously examining the effects of a permanent dipole moment and field-induced polarizability and hyperpolarizability to molecular rotation. Femtosecond-laser-induced dynamic alignment of CO, N₂, and Br₂ molecules are investigated by numerically solving the obtained rotation equation for the angle ?. The effects of the molecular permanent dipole moment and the field-induced polarizability and hyperpolarizability on the degree of alignment are presented at different intensities. Our computational results show that the dynamic alignment of molecules is primarily determined by field-induced polarizability and the second hyperpolarizability for the laser intensity range from 5 × 10¹⁴ to 5 × 10¹⁶ W/cm². The contributions of higher order correction terms to molecular alignment can usually be neglected. The polarizability-field interaction makes the angular distributions of a molecule have a maximum along the polarization axis and a minimum perpendicular to it. The role of the second hyperpolarizability keeps the molecular counts maximum along the laser polarization direction but minimum at an angle of 45° between the molecular axis and the polarization direction. There is also a second maximum of molecular counts perpendicular to the polarization axis. For CO, N₂, and Br₂ molecules, the dependences of laser-induced dynamic alignment on laser intensity exhibit completely different characteristics.     

低功率近红外光的偏振方向对光致折射率变化影响的实验研究

研究了利用低功率近红外光辐照In:Fe:LiNbO3晶体时写入光束的偏振方向对光致折射率变化(Δn)的影响.分别采用正常偏振(o光)和非常偏振(e光)的近红外细激光束,在In:Fe:LiNbO3晶体中进行了光折变实验.研究表明,两种偏振方向引起晶体的Δn实测曲线相似,但变化规律恰好相反,o光引起的折射率变化量约是e光的3倍左右.近红外光写入下两种偏振光束引起晶体的Δn分布规律都不同于可见光,尤其是e光辐照区域中心晶体的折射率升高.因此,通过选择不同偏振方向的近红外光可以在光折变晶体中制作不同折射率分布的非线性光学器件.     

偏振干涉成像光谱仪中偏振化方向对调制度的影响

论述了自行研制的偏振干涉臧像光谱仪的原理,分析了其分光机理和成像原理;实在 重就起偏器、分析器的偏振化方向对干涉图调制度的影响进行了分析和计算,推导了偏振化方向偏离理想方向时调制度偏角的变化关系,给出和讨论了调制度随偏 角变化的空间曲面以及最大调制离（Ｖ＝１）和最小调制度（Ｖ＝０）时偏振器偏振化方向的空间取向。     

WXG-4型旋光仪三分视场亮暗调节

针对WXG-4型旋光仪的均匀亮视场和均匀暗视场的亮度对比不明显问题进行了研究,分析了三分视场光强与起偏器透振方向的关系,得出原因是起偏器透振方向与半波片的光轴夹角太大.旋转起偏器,使其透振方向与半波片的光轴夹角减小并固定,均匀亮视场和均匀暗视场的亮度对比明显,使仪器恢复正常使用.