新的质量标度下奇异夸克物质的电荷在临界密度

应用自恰的热力学方式确定夸克质量公式中的参数，并进一步证明，在新的质量标度下，适量的负电荷仍然可以降低奇异夸克物质的临界密度，从而有利于在重离子磁撞实验中寻找ｓｔｒａｎｇｅｌｅｔｓ。当然，过量的负电荷仍将使味平衡成为不可能。     

超新星核中的夸克相变及夸克质量效应

分别基于组夸克质量模型和流夸克质量模型, 讨论了超新星核心区两味夸克物质到更稳定的三味夸克物质的相变过程. 结果表明, 两种质量模型下相变的特征时标都短于10^-8s, 且质量越小的流夸克质量模型的相变速率越快;组分夸克质量模型下所得到的超新星核区的s夸克丰度, 中微子丰度及中微子总能量(除温度)相比前人的结果有轻微的增加, 而流夸克质量模型下所得到的这些参量的增加更为明显, 采用流夸克质量模型更有利于超新星的中微子延迟爆发机理的成功. 关键词： 夸克相变 组分夸克质量 流夸克质量 超新星     

从流夸克质量到组分夸克质量的动力学过渡的研究

在彩虹近似下用Dyson Schwinger 方程研究了禁闭夸克的传播子, 得到了夸克动力学质量随动量变化的关系, 即得到了从流夸克质量到组分夸克质量的动力学过渡.     

NJL模型中的外动量展开

建立了包括流夸克质量的SU(2)NJL模型超出平均场近似的一般框架.在这个框架内,组份夸克传播子按外动量展开,所有的费曼图可统一地得到计算.数值结果表明:在平均场近似下,流夸克质量的效应几乎看不见,只有超出平均场近似,流夸克质量的效应才能体现出来,并且NJL模型的参数更为合理.     

物理学家发现5夸克粒子

经过 30年的寻找 ,物理学家终于发现了 5夸克粒子存在的证据 .大多数粒子或是含有 1个夸克和1个反夸克的介子 ,或是由 3个夸克或者 3个反夸克组成的重子 .如今 ,日本和美国的核物理学家发现了一个含有 2个上夸克、2个下夸克和 1个奇异反夸克的 5夸克粒子 .2 0 0 2年 ,TakashiNakano和他在Spring - 8(LEPS)激光电子光子实验组的同事们在日本的一个学术会议上报告了质量为 1.5 4GeV的 5夸克粒子 (pentaquark)的实验证据 .这个粒子是在高能射线与炭核里的中子发生散射的实验中观测到的 .粒子的质量和峰的宽度 (2 5MeV)都与理论预言相符 .…     

下夸克质量和味混合

本文根据实验呈现的KM混合矩阵的规律性,建议了这个矩阵的一种参数化形式.讨论了新参数的一些物理意义.在夸克的弱相互作用基下,得到了下夸克质量矩阵的唯象约束条件.提出了一个下夸克质量矩阵的模型.本模型可以利用下夸克质量近似计算KM混合矩阵,得到的结果和实验值符合得较好.     

夸克之间的色相互作用

 夸克和反夸克具有质量、电荷、弱荷和强荷(色荷),可以参与引力作用、电磁作用、弱作用和强作用四种基本相互作用.本文主要介绍夸克之间的强相互作用,即色相互作用.一、夸克的味与色目前确认夸克共有六种,即u、d、s、c、b、t,它们各有对应的反夸克,夸克的种类被形象地比拟为味道.六味夸克分为三代:(u、d),(c、s),(t、b).在强子中,同一代夸克以及不同代夸克之间,都可以通过交换中间矢量玻色子而发生弱相互作用,弱相互作用可以改变夸克的味道.但是,只在不同代的夸克之间,才有弱相互作用的混合效应.     

关于夸克质量问题

指出了研究夸克质量的重要性、 科学意义和夸克质量产生的机制。 用夸克传播子定义了夸克的质量, 进而讨论了夸克的有效质量。 最后指出了存在的问题和研究前景。 Importance, scientific significance of studying quark mass, and the production mechanisim of quark mass have been pointed out. The quark mass is defined by quark propagator and from this definition we calculate effective mass of quark. Finally we also point out some open problems and perspective of this research field.     

由QCD求和规则计算s夸克质量

简要回顾了量子色动力学求和规则在计算s夸克质量方面的应用.结合Dominguez,Gend和Paver的工作,重新考虑渐近自由阈以下的谱函数后,计算了s夸克的质量,得到s夸克的跑动质量(-m)s(1 GeV)=219 MeV.讨论了影响计算结果精度的可能因素.     

Jaffe与Wilczek双夸克模型中的负宇称五夸克态

如果Jaffe与Wilczek关于Q5+五夸克态的双夸克图像是正确的话,那就应该存在负宇称的五夸克SU(3)八重态与单态,其中两个双夸克间没有轨道激发.这些态比Q5+质量低,与传统夸克模型中的由三夸克构成的重子的轨道激发质量接近.我们计算了这些负宇称态的质量与磁矩,用手征有效拉氏量讨论了他们可能的强衰变模式和选择定择，发现有两个态可能比较窄.我们建议实验上寻找这九个额外的负宇称态.如果将来的实验确实发现了这些态,那是对Jaffe与Wilczek双夸克模型的直接验证.否则,应该重新评估Jaffe与Wilczek的双夸克图像甚至抛弃这个模型.     

Effect of orbital angular momentum on valence-quark helicity distributions

We study the quark helicity distributions at large x in perturbative QCD, taking into account contributions from the valence Fock states of the nucleon which have nonzero orbital angular momentum. We find that the quark orbital angular momentum contributes a large logarithm to the negative helicity quark distributions in addition to its power behavior, scaling as (1-x){5}log{2}(1-x) in the limit of x-->1. Our analysis shows that the ratio of the polarized over unpolarized down quark distributions, Deltad/d, will still approach 1 in this limit. By comparing with the experimental data, we find that this ratio should cross zero at x approximately 0.75.     

A semiclassical model for quark jet fragmentation

A semiclassical model is presented for the way the energy of a fast quark is transformed into observable hadrons. It reproduces the features of 1+1 dimensional QED (the Schwinger model) concerning a flat rapidity distribution in the central region. It also reproduces results from phenomenological considerations, which, based upon scaling, predict that meson formation in the fragmentation region can be described by an iterative scheme, implying a set of coupled integral equations. In particular the model predicts that the probability to find a meson containing the leading quark is independent of the Feynman scaling variablez. The iterative structure corresponds to a Brownian motion with relevance both to the confinement problems and to the distribution of mass in the quark jet.     

Chiral symmetry, quark mass, and scaling of the overlap fermions

The chiral symmetry relation and scaling of the overlap fermions are studied numerically on the quenched lattices at 3 couplings with about the same physical volume. We find that the generalized Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation is satisfied to better than 1% down to the smallest quark mass at m(0)a = 0.006. We also obtain the quark mass from the PCAC relation and the pseudoscalar masses. The renormalization group invariant quark mass is shown to be fairly independent of scale. The pi and rho masses at a fixed m(pi)/m(rho) ratio indicate small O(a(2)) corrections. It is found that the critical slowing down sets in abruptly at a very small quark mass close to those of the physical u and d quarks.     

Finite-size scaling behavior in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>(4) model

The exact nature of the QCD phase transition has still not been determined conclusively, and there are contradictory results from lattice QCD simulations about the scaling behavior for two quark flavors. Ultimately, this issue can be resolved only by a careful scaling and finite-size scaling analysis of the lattice results. We use a renormalization group approach to obtain finite-size scaling functions for the O(4) model, which are relevant for this analysis. Our results are applicable to lattice QCD studies of the QCD phase boundary.     

Effects of Density-Dependent Quark Mass on Phase Diagram of Color-Flavor-Locked Quark Matter

Considering the density dependence of quark mass, we investigate the phase transition between the (unpaired) strange quark matter and the color-flavor-locked matter, which are supposed to be two candidates for the ground state of strongly interacting matter. We find that if the current mass of strange quark ms is small, the strange quark matter remains stable unless the baryon density is very high. If ms is large, the phase transition from the strange quark matter to the color-flavor-locked matter in particular to its gapless phase is found to be different from the results predicted by previous works. A complicated phase diagram of three-flavor quark matter is presented, in which the color-flavor-locked phase region is suppressed for moderate densities.     

An explanation for deviations from the quark number scaling of elliptic flows in low pT region

We carry out a systematic study of the different contributions to the deviations of the elliptic flows from the quark number scaling in high energy heavy ion collision in a quark combination model.The effects that we considered are:the resonance decay,the flavor dependence of the quark elliptic flow and the combination of quarks/antiquarks with slightly different transverse momenta.Our results show that the deviations observed in experiments can be well reproduced within the combination framework if all the three effects are considered. We make a detailed analysis of the different contributions using a Monte-Carlo program and suggest measuring the quark number scaling in intermediate pT range more precisely.     

An explanation for deviations from the quark number scaling of elliptic flows in low PT region

We carry out a systematic study of the different contributions to the deviations of the elliptic flows from the quark number scaling in high energy heavy ion collision in a quark combination model.The effects that we considered are:the resonance decay,the flavor dependence of the quark elliptic flow and the combination of quarks/antiquarks with slightly different transverse momenta.Our results show that the deviations observed in experiments can be well reproduced within the combination framework if all the three effects are considered. We make a detailed analysis of the different contributions using a Monte-Carlo program and suggest measuring the quark number scaling in intermediate P_T range more precisely.     

Supersymmetric solitons with fractional quantum numbers

The supersymmetric solitons with fractional charges are studied. Exact mass formula is proved. A way for using fermionic fractional charges in the supersymmetric quark bag model is shown.     

QCD equation of state: Physical quark masses and asymptotic temperatures

Within a phenomenological quasiparticle model, the quark mass and temperature dependence of the QCD equation of state is discussed and compared with lattice QCD results. Different approximations for the quasiparticle dispersion relations are employed, scaling properties of the equation of state with quark mass and deconfinement temperature are investigated and a continuation to asymptotically large temperatures is presented.     

Two-flavor quark matter in the perturbation theory with full thermodynamic consistency

Direct extrapolation of the strong interaction between quarks in pure perturbative calculation has a problem of thermodynamic inconsistency.A new term determined by thermodynamic consistency requirement could resolve it.This new term plays an important role at lower density in describing the equation of state of quark matter,while it is negligible at high density.Accordingly,the density behavior of the sound velocity becomes more reasonable,and the maximum mass of quark stars can be as large as two times the solar mass.