光纤型宽带可调连续波差频产生中红外激光器转换效率的研究

以掺镱光纤激光器为抽运源、掺铒光纤激光器后接掺铒光纤放大器为信号源,利用周期极化掺镁铌酸锂晶体,研究了全光纤化差频产生中红外激光器的转换效率特性。结果表明,抽运光和信号光偏振态影响差频产生过程的转换效率,利用偏振控制器,可将抽运光和信号光偏振方向调节到与晶体光轴方向平行,以获得高的转换效率。抽运光和信号光的光束质量既影响差频产生过程的转换效率,又决定晶体纵向位置的容限,当聚焦系统由自聚焦透镜和焦距100mm平凸透镜组成时,相对转换效率达0.717mW-2,晶体纵向位置容限为44mm。此外,差频光在3126.36~3529.6nm范围内调谐时,转换效率基本保持不变。     

PPLN晶体差频中红外激光系统调谐特性研究

室温工作的连续可调谐相干光源在痕量气体检测技术中有着重要应用价值,光学非线性变换是获得室温运转中红外相干光源的有效途径,是对传统激光技术的有效补充.研究了基于准相位匹配原理的差频激光系统的温度和信号光波长调谐特性,从准相位匹配技术的一般位相匹配关系出发,推导了PPLN晶体差频准相位匹配的温度和信号光波长匹配带宽解析表达式;建立了基于PPLN晶体准相位匹配原理的宽调谐差频中红外激光系统,实现了3.2～3.7üm中红外相干光输出,最大输出功率约为1üW;对系统温度和信号光波长调谐特性进行实验研究,并与理论结果进行了比较和分析.     

宽带准连续光纤激光在周期极化铌酸锂中倍频特性的研究

双包层光纤激光器和非线性光学材料(如周期性极化的铌酸锂晶体,PPLN)相结合,开辟了实用性非线性光学器件的一个新领域。研究了准相位匹配周期性极化反转铌酸锂晶体对宽带准连续光纤激光倍频的温度特性和频谱特性。在理论上,从准相位匹配相位失配关系出发,推导了晶体温度与抽运源中心波长的关系以及温度响应带宽,并和已报道实验结果进行了比较,二者符合得很好。此外,还推导了倍频周期极化铌酸锂晶体对抽运基频光源的响应谱线带宽。在实验上,采用长度20mm,极化周期6．5μm,厚度0．5mm的周期极化铌酸锂晶体光纤激光器准连续宽带输出进行了倍频,获得了在不同控制温度下的倍频光光谱,并对此进行了详细分析。     

基于光纤激光器的中红外差频多波长激光产生

针对由YDFL和EDFL作为基频光源的QPM-DFG激光系统,利用PPMgLN晶体的色散关系及其温度特性,有效拓宽了QPM波长接受带宽.模拟结果表明,当采用1550和1060 nm波段的EDFL和YDFL分别作为DFG的信号和抽运光源时,对于相同的中红外波段,满足QPM条件所允许的抽运光波长变化范围远大于信号光波长变化范围.当固定信号光波长为1560 nm时,对于给定的晶体温度,1060 nm波段抽运光的QPM接受带宽超过17 nm,对应于中红外差频光带宽可约180 nm.采用多波长YDFL作为抽运源,单 关键词： 差频产生 准相位匹配 多波长中红外 光纤激光器     

基于光纤环形腔激光器的可调谐全光波长转换器的研究

在光纤环形腔激光器中引入周期极化反转铌酸锂(PPLN)光波导，用该激光器产生的连续光作为抽运光和控制光，使其与外加的信号光发生非线性效应实现可调谐波长转换.介绍了基于准相位匹配的PPLN光波导中的和频与差频级联型全光波长转换器的基本原理.对抽运光、信号光、控制光以及转换光的光功率随着PPLN光波导的变化进行了模拟.还对转换效率随着转换光波长的变化进行了数值计算.实验验证了该波长转换器的可调谐性. 关键词： 周期极化反转铌酸锂 和频与差频 可调谐全光波长转换 光纤环形腔激光器     

基于光纤环形激光器和光放大的100 km光纤布拉格光栅传感系统

在基于掺铒光纤-拉曼混合放大的可调光纤环形激光器的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感系统结构基础上,提出了延长传感距离的新方法。该方法以环形掺铒光纤激光器作为光源,采用双波长拉曼放大的方法对信号进行低噪声的双向放大,系统中间的两段掺铒光纤再利用剩余的抽运功率产生自发辐射光和放大传感信号,使得整个系统能够在超长的传感距离上获得很高的信噪比。实验表明使用一只40 mW的掺铒光纤放大(EDFA)抽运源、一只170 mW的拉曼抽运源和一只2 W的拉曼抽运源,可以使整个系统的传感距离达到100km,并且传感系统的光纤布拉格光栅反射信号均能获得超过57 dB的优良信噪比,从而实现在超长距离上的光纤布拉格光栅传感。     

中红外差频光源应用于实际大气水汽浓度测量

基于非线性光学效应,采用差频发生技术(Difference frequency generation)和准相位匹配技术(Quasi-phase matching),在周期性极化的铌酸锂晶体(PPLN)中产生了中红外的可调谐激光源。泵浦光是一个功率为1 W、调谐范围在770到870 nm之间的连续可调谐钛宝石激光器。信号光是一个功率为1 W、单频连续的Nd∶YAG激光器。当晶体的光栅周期为20 μm、温度调谐范围内在室温到200 ℃之间时,能够产生2.8 μm附近的、功率约为1～2 μW的差频光源。基于这个光源,采用直接吸收光谱方法测量了实验室大气中的水汽(001←000)吸收带的吸收光谱。依据大气中水汽分子在8.5 cm的吸收光程条件下的吸收光谱,成功地测量得到了大气中的水汽浓度。     

理论构造周期极化KTiOPO_4晶体制备852和1550nm双色纠缠光

利用KTiOPO4(KTP)材料非线性系数d33对应的二阶非线性0-类准相位匹配,理论上设计构造了一种周期极化KTiOPO4晶体(PPKTP),当晶体温度为20℃时,晶体准相位匹配格子的周期为10.70μm。波长为550nm的激光泵浦由该晶体组成的光学参量振荡器能产生含852nm信号光和1550nm的闲置光的双色纠缠,其中信号光对应Cs原子吸收线,闲置光1550nm对应光纤通讯波长。该纠缠光对量子信息网络和原子信息存储有非常重要的意义。     

宽波段连续调谐全固态CW PPMgLN光学参量振荡器

利用半导体激光泵浦输出1064 nm波长的全固态连续Nd:YVO4激光器作为泵浦源,采用周期调谐和温度调谐组合调谐技术,对基于掺氧化镁周期性极化铌酸锂晶体（MgO:LiNbO3, PPMgLN）准相位匹配（QPM）的全固态连续波（CW）光学参量振荡器（OPO）宽波段无分立连续调谐输出特性进行研究。实验采用连续工作模式和外腔结构,基于多周期PPMgLN晶体的30.2,30.4和30.6 m周期,在改变晶体的极化周期的基础上,同时在30～100 ℃范围内调节晶体工作温度。实验结果表明:CW PPMgLN OPO的泵浦阈值仅为0.22 W;不同极化周期需要的温度调谐范围不同;信号光在1 559.8～1 597.2 nm近红外波段和闲频光在3 187.3~3 347.3 nm中红外波段连续调谐输出。实现了外腔式全固态CW OPO在信号光和闲频光波段的无分立连续调谐输出。     

长脉冲抽运光子晶体光纤四波混频和超连续谱的理论研究

本文数值研究了长脉冲抽运光子晶体光纤四波混频和超连续谱的产生.依据准连续波近似下的相位匹配条件和能量守恒定律,能够理论上确定在光子晶体光纤正常色散区抽运时,四波混频效应产生的信号光和空闲光波长;以及在光纤反常色散区抽运时,调制不稳现象产生的两个对称旁瓣波长.利用自适应分步傅里叶法,定量地模拟了利用波长为1064 nm的亚纳秒激光器抽运两种不同色散特性的光子晶体光纤四波混频效应和超连续谱的产生,模拟结果与实验结果符合非常好. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 超连续谱 四波混频 自适应分步傅里叶法     

基于飞秒锁模光纤激光脉冲基频光的差频产生红外光梳

报道了一种基于飞秒锁模光纤激光脉冲基频光的光纤型差频产生(DFG)红外光梳及其研制技术.基于自主研制的重频锁定200 MHz飞秒锁模掺铒光纤激光器,经啁啾脉冲光纤放大与超连续谱产生技术,优化近零色散OFS光纤(型号:OFS-980-20)长度,结合可调延时线,获得了精准同步的基频双色脉冲;以GaSe为非线性晶体,利用光整流技术,产生了可在6—10μm范围内宽带调谐的DFG红外光梳,光梳最大光谱宽度可达1.3μm.这种光纤型远红外光梳可望在分子光谱精密测量等领域发挥重要作用.     

Fiber-laser-pumped continuous-wave singly resonant optical parametric oscillator

We report on what is to our knowledge the first continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) that is pumped by a tunable fiber laser. The OPO is singly resonant for the signal wave and consists of a 40-mm-long periodically poled LiNbO(3) crystal in a four-mirror ring cavity. At a pump power of 8.3 W provided by the wavelength-tunable Yb-doped fiber laser, the singly resonant OPO generates 1.9 W of 3200-nm cw idler radiation. The singly resonant OPO was tuned from 1515 to 1633 nm (signal) and from 3057 to 3574 nm (idler) by means of the crystal temperature and poling period. We obtained a wide idler tuning range, from 2980 to 3700 mn, by tuning the wavelength of the fiber laser from 1032 to 1095 nm.     

基于中红外DFG光源的甲烷气体光谱检测方法研究

基于中红外光源的气体光谱检测是新的痕量气体监测与分析方法,在大气监测领域具有重要的应用。构建了一套基于中红外DFG光源的甲烷气体光谱检测系统。该系统以1 550 nm和1 060 nm波段可调谐半导体激光器作为基频光源,采用PPLN晶体作为差频非线性变频器件,实现了3.3 μm处的窄线宽可调谐中红外光源输出。实验结果表明,当PPLN晶体工作温度为99.5℃时,闲频光的输出功率为112 μW,差频转换效率达到1.246 mW/W2。晶体的温度接受带宽为4.3℃,泵浦光波长接受带宽为5.3 nm。在此基础上,分别利用直接吸收法和谐波检测法获得了3 028.751 cm-1处的甲烷气体吸收光谱和二次谐波检测信号。     

Widely phase-matched tunable difference-frequency generation in periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal

We report on the development of a laser source in the mid-infrared spectral region based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) in a periodically poled LiNbO₃ (PPLN) crystal. Continuously tunable coherent radiation from 2.75 to 4.78 μm was produced by optical parametric interaction between a diode-pumped monolithic continuous-wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.064 μm and a CW Ti:Sapphire laser tunable from 767 to 871 nm. Temperature-dependent quasi-phase-matched DFG wavelength acceptance bandwidth was studied and characterized. An empiric formula is given to estimate the phase-matched wavelength acceptance bandwidth as a function of the crystal temperature at Λ = 22.5 μm. A large frequency scan of 128 cm⁻¹ (about 78 cm⁻¹ above 1 μW) near 4.2 μm was achieved. The whole absorption spectrum of the P and R branches of the ν₃ band of atmospheric carbon dioxide has been recorded with a single phase-matched frequency scan.     

Generation of ultrafast mid-infrared laser by DFG between two actively synchronized picosecond lasers in a MgO:PPLN crystal

We report the difference-frequency generation (DFG) of ultrafast mid-infrared laser radiation around 3???m between two picosecond laser pulses with the center wavelengths of 800?nm and 1064?nm in a MgO:PPLN crystal at room temperature. The two laser pulses were generated from the actively synchronized picoseconds Ti:sapphire and Nd:YVO₄ oscillators. We measured the DFG wavelengths tunable from 3.19?C3.29???m and the output power is potential to be several mW. This experiment proves a possible roadmap for ultrafast mid- and far-infrared laser radiation generation and even for the THz radiation.     

Compact tunable mid-infrared laser source by difference frequency generation of two diode-lasers

Two continuous-wave single mode diode-lasers (Hitachi HL 7851G and Toshiba TOLD 9150) are applied as signal and pump sources for difference frequency generation (DFG) in an AgGaS2 crystal with a length of 30 mm. For 90° type I phase matching tunable mid-infrared laser radiation around 5 µm is obtained with an output power of up toP _DFG = 0.2 µW while the diode lasers are operated with powers of 30 and 50 mW at the center wavelengths 682 and 791 nm, respectively. The performance of the diode-laser-DFG system is shown as the absorption spectrum of CO for the P(28) rotational line around 2023 cm^–1 is probed in a 10cm long cell and in the exhaust of an engine.This research was supported by the Technologiestiftung Schleswig-Holstein under contract 94-35i.     

Rapidly tunable continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator pumped by a fiber laser

We report on rapid, all-electronically controlled wavelength tuning of a continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by an ytterbium fiber laser. The OPO is singly resonant for the signal wave and consists of a 40-mm-long periodically poled lithium niobate crystal in a four-mirror ring cavity. By tuning of the fiber-laser wavelength over 33 nm through an intracavity acousto-optic tunable filter, the OPO idler wavelength is tuned from 3160 to 3500 nm in 330 micros, corresponding to an idler frequency-tuning speed of 28 THz/ms. At a fiber-laser power of 6.6 W at 1074 nm, the singly resonant OPO generates 1.13-W cw idler radiation at 3200 nm.     

Mid-infrared trace gas detection using continuous-wave difference frequency generation in periodically poled RbTiOAsO4

A tunable mid-infrared continuous-wave (cw) spectroscopic source in the 3.4–4.5 μm region is reported, based on difference frequency generation (DFG) in a quasi-phase-matched periodically poled RbTiOAsO₄ (PPRTA) crystal, DFG power levels of 10 μW were generated at approximately 4 μm in a 20-mm long PPRTA crystal by mixing two cw single-frequency Ti:Al₂O₃ lasers operating near 713 nm and 871 nm, respectively, using a laser pump power of 300 mW. A quasi-phase-matched infrared wavelength-tuning bandwidth (FWHM) of ∼12 cm^-1 and a temperature tuning rate of 1.02 cm^-1/°C were achieved. Experimental details regarding the feasibility of trace gas detection based on absorption spectroscopy of CO₂ in ambient air using this DFG radiation source are also described. Received: 23 October 2000 / Revised version: 22 January 2001 / Published online: 27 April 2001