发光层位置对白光有机发光二极管的影响

同一种主体材料MADN中混掺不同的掺杂剂,分别制备了两种白光有机发光二极管,测试并研究了它们的发光效率、寿命、发光亮度、电致发光光谱以及色平衡度。结果表明,两种白光器件的性能受发光层的顺序和厚度的影响显著。发光层顺序由阳极到阴极方向为橙/蓝的器件的稳定性要优于发光层顺序为蓝/橙的器件,这是由于橙光发光层中的rubrene对空穴的陷进作用可捕获穿越橙光发光层中的空穴,从而有效地调控了器件内部的电子、空穴浓度的平衡。通过对器件的优化,制得了色坐标为(0.3201,0.3459)的接近标准白光的有机电致发光器件。     

一种基于PFO掺杂的理想白光有机电致发光器件

研究了以芴类蓝光材料PFO为主体,通过掺杂MEH-PPV得到单层的白光有机电致发光器件,并从掺杂浓度对器件的光谱特性和色坐标稳定性的影响方面对其发光性能进行了分析研究。在MEH-PPV以2.5Wt%掺杂时,器件开启电压为3V,发光色坐标可达到标准白光等能点(0.33,0.33),器件发光色坐标在5～20V很宽的范围内随电压变化幅度很小,基本稳定在白光区。     

白色有机电致发光器件中多组份电致激基复合物形成及抑制

从荧光-磷光复合结构的有机电致发光器件的研究入手,采用OXD-7作为蓝色荧光发光层,Ir(MDQ)2acac掺杂在母体材料作为红橙磷光发光层,设计制备了双波段白光有机电致发光器件。研究中发现,OXD-7,Alq3和NPB的三组分协同作用可以导致电致激基复合物的产生,以及由此导致的光谱红移,并使得器件发光效率降低。通过插入TDAF中间层可以有效地抑制激基复合物的产生,同时,通过控制载流子传输的平衡,以及磷光材料的掺杂浓度,可以获得器件发光亮度、效率的提升。     

基于双极传输母体的高效有机磷光发光器件

将红、绿、蓝3种不同颜色的染料分别掺杂到相同的母体材料2,7-二（二苯基磷酰）-9-（4-二苯基胺）苯基-9-苯基芴（POAPF）中,制得了可发3种颜色光的高效率有机电致发光器件。进一步将两种互为补偿色的发光材料以合适的掺杂浓度掺到POAPF中,制得了高效率白光器件。该白光器件采用了单发光层结构,器件电致发光光谱稳定性好,随驱动电压变化较小。4种不同颜色的发光器件的最大功率效率分别为16.50,43.72,29.78,32.83 lm/W。     

基于[NPB+Zn(4-TfmBTZ)2-]电致激基复合物的有机电致白光器件

将不同浓度的NPB掺杂到一种新型有机电致发光材料Zn(4-TfmBTZ)2层中制备了有机电致白光及近白光器件,发现NPB浓度不仅影响器件的发光效率,而且影响器件的色度和显色指数.随着Zn(4-TfmB-TZ)2层中NPB摩尔分数从0％～10％逐渐增加,电致激基复合物的发射逐渐增强,器件发光效率先增加后减小,在相同电压下...     

三波段白光有机电致发光器件及其色稳定性的控制

制备并研究了基于3种小分子荧光材料的白光有机电致发光器件。发光层采用红色发光材料DCJTB掺杂绿光材料Alq3构成混合发光层,与OXD-7构成的蓝色发光层形成异质结的结构,并以NPB为空穴注入层。通过改变结构参数详细研究了发射光谱及其色坐标的电场依赖性。通过分析载流子注入/传输特性,控制激子的复合区域等措施得到了色坐标稳定性好、光谱丰富的高性能白光电致发光器件。经过优化的器件结构可以覆盖更大的可见光区域,当电压从9 V增加到13 V时,色坐标仅从CIE(x,y)=(0.364,0.314)偏移到CIE(x,y)=(0.332,0.291),具有较好的色稳定性。     

BCP在多层有机电致发光器件中的作用

作为空穴阻挡材料,BCP通常被用在蓝光以及白光有机电致发光器件中,其空穴阻挡能力随着其厚度的增加而增强;另一方面,在电场作用下,空穴也能隧穿厚度较薄的BCP层。为了深入了解BCP在多层有机电致发光器件中的作用,文章研究了不同电压下BCP层厚度对器件ITO/NPB/BCP/Alq₃∶DCJTB/Alq₃/Al电致发光光谱的影响。实验发现,较薄的BCP层可以部分地阻挡空穴并能调节能量在不同发光层之间的传递,从而容易获得白光器件;但该种结构器件的电致发光光谱随着电压的变化变动较大。当BCP层足够厚时,器件的电致发光光谱也变得相对较稳定; 当BCP的厚度为15 nm以上时,空穴就很难再隧穿过去。文章还讨论了不同电压下多层器件的电致发光光谱发生变化的原因。     

三元铱配合物磷光体系的白光有机电致发光器件光谱特性研究

将黄光磷光材料bis[2-(4-tertbutylphenyl)benzothiazolato-N,C2’]iridium (acetylacetonate) [(t-bt)₂Ir(acac)]超薄层作为黄光发光层,两个蓝光磷光染料iridium(Ⅲ) bis(4’,6’-difluorophenylpyridinato)tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (FIr6)和bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2’](picolinate) iridium (Ⅲ) (FIrpic)掺杂层作为蓝光发光层,制备了三元发光层的白光有机电致发光器件。该器件具有三元磷光染料分子协同发光特性,并且利用合适厚度的隔层,将三线态激子束缚在各自激子复合区域内,获得了稳定电致发光光谱,CIE色坐标为(0.29±0.01, 0.34±0.01),处于理想的白光区域。通过器件电学特性的测试,验证了磷光染料在三元发光层器件中电致发光作用的机理,同时结果表明,三元发光层器件由于稳定的激子复合区域而有效减弱了器件效率滚降现象。     

有机电致发光研究与应用进展

在十多年的时间里，有机电致发光的研究和应用取得了长足的进展．有机电致发光器件具有许多优点，例如：自发光、视角宽、响应快、发光效率高、温度适应性好、生产工艺简单、驱动电压低、能耗低、成本低等．因此有机电致发光器件极有可能成为下一代的平板显示终端．文章介绍了最近几年这方面的研究及应用的进展．     

新型有机白光器件的初步研究

白光有机电致发光器件(WOLED)具备很多天然的技术优点,可以应用在下一代照明设备上,因此正成为研究的新热点.但是由于传统的多层或单层WOLED结构受染料浓度和载流子传输难以控制等因素的限制,使进一步优化器件效率和白光色度稳定成为WOLED发展的瓶颈.本工作针对传统WOLED存在的上述问题,设计制备了新型的具有颜色互补的黄色和蓝色发光条纹,交替排列所组成的WOLED器件,并且分析了黄光—蓝光条纹尺寸和改变照射角度对器件光照稳定性的影响. 关键词： 白光 色度稳定 效率 条纹结构     

High-efficiency blue and white phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices

We have significantly improved the efficiency of blue and white phosphorescence from organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on phosphorescent iridium complexes. To improve the emission efficiency, 4,4^′-Bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2^′-Dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), which has a high triplet energy, was used as the carrier-transporting host for the emissive layer. The blue phosphorescent OLED exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.4%, which corresponds to a current efficiency of 20.4 cd/A. This result can be explained as due to the efficient confinement of triplet energy on blue phosphorescent molecules, which is consistent with the results of transient photoluminescence experiments. The white phosphorescent OLED with greenish-blue and red emissive layers exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12% and a luminous efficiency of 18 cd/A. This is primarily attributed to the improvement of greenish-blue emission efficiency as well as the emission efficiency of the blue phosphorescent OLED.     

Development of organic light‐emitting diodes for electro‐optical integrated devices

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are discussed for electro‐optical integrated devices that are used for optical signal transmission. Organic optical devices including polymeric optical fibers are used for optical communication applications to realize polymeric electro‐optical integrated devices. The OLEDs were fabricated by vacuum process, i.e. the organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) technique or a solution process on a polymeric or a glass substrate, for comparison. Optical signals faster than 100 MHz have been created by applying pulsed voltage directly to the OLED utilizing rubrene doped in 8‐hydoxyquinolinum aluminum (Alq₃), as an emissive layer. OLEDs fabricated by solution process utilizing rubrene doped in carrier‐transporting materials have also discussed. OLEDs utilizing polymeric materials by solution process are also fabricated and discussed. Moving‐picture signals are transmitted utilizing both vacuum‐ and solution‐processed OLEDs, respectively.     

Improved outcoupling of light in organic light emitting devices, utilizing a holographic DFB-structure

In this work organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) were fabricated implementing gratings, in order to extract waveguided electroluminescence (EL). The gratings were recorded by exposing thin films of the molecular azo glass N, N′-bis (4-phenyl)-N, N′-bis [(4-phenylazo)-phenyl] benzidine (AZOPD) to holographic light patterns. The photopatterned AZOPD serves as hole transport material for devices with aluminum-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) doped with 1% of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (Alq₃:DCM) as emissive/electron transport layer. The corrugated devices showed enhanced emission in the forward direction. The emitted light is polarized preferably parallel to the grating lines. In addition, we have found a doubling in the total luminance with respect to the unstructured device.     

Silver‐Based Nanoparticles for Surface Plasmon Resonance in Organic Optoelectronics

Organic optoelectronic devices including organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs) have many advantages, including low‐cost, mechanical flexibility, and amenability to large‐area fabrication based on printing techniques, and have therefore attracted attention as next‐generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Although almost 100% internal quantum efficiency of OLEDs has been achieved by using phosphorescent emitters and optimizing device structures, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OLEDs is still limited due to poor light extraction. Also, although intensive efforts to develop new conjugated polymers and device architectures have improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 8%–9%, device efficiency must be improved to >10% for commercialization of PSCs. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of metal nanoparticles (NPs) can be an effective way to improve the extraction of light produced by decay of excitons in the emission layer and by absorption of incident light energy within the active layer. Silver (Ag) NPs are promising plasmonic materials due to a strong SPR peak and light‐scattering effect. In this review, different SPR properties of Ag NPs are introduced as a function of size, shape, and surrounding matrix, and review recent progress on application of the SPR effect of AgNPs to OLEDs and PSCs.     

激基复合物和磷光超薄层相结合的高效率非掺杂白光有机发光二极管

将蓝光激基复合物mCP∶PO-T2T和磷光超薄层结合,分别制备了基于Ir（pq）₂acac（～0.5 nm）/mCP∶PO-T2T/Ir（pq）₂acac（～0.5 nm）结构的双色互补色和基于Ir（ppy）₃（～0.5 nm）/mCP∶PO-T2T/Ir（pq）₂acac （～0.5 nm）结构的三基色非掺杂白光有机发光二极管（White organic light emitting diodes, WOLED）,以探索超薄层在激基复合物中的应用。所制备的双色互补色WOLED,其最大电流效率、功率效率和外量子效率分别为46.1 cd/A、43.9 lm/W和22.2%,而三基色WOLED所实现的最大电流效率、功率效率和外量子效率分别为66.8 cd/A、63.5 lm/W和24.2%。研究分析表明,从高能的蓝光激基复合物发光层向两侧低能的红光和绿光磷光超薄层有效的能量传递是实现非掺杂WOLED高效率的原因。     

耦合结构有机微腔的光致发光特性

耦合光学微腔(Coupled optical microcavity,CMC)是一种特殊结构的微腔,在耦合微腔中,两个独立的微腔相邻耦合在一起.通常一个腔是无源的,另一个腔是有源的.首次研究了有机材料在耦合微腔中的自发发射特性.实验采用的有机发光材料为八羟基喹啉铝Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminium(Alq₃),器件的结构为Glass/DBR_A/Filler/DBR_B/Alq₃/DBR_C.底部腔是无源的,组成为DBR_A/Filler/DBR_B.顶部腔是有源的,由DBR_B/Alq₃/DBR_C构成.其中反射镜DBR_A、DBR_B、DBR_C以及填充层(Filler)均由光学介质材料构成.通过结构设计使两个腔的谐振波长均位于530nm.耦合微腔器件与单层Alq₃薄膜相比较,Alq₃薄膜的光致发光光谱是峰值位于511nm的宽谱带,而在耦合微腔器件中观察到的是具有两个腔模式,峰值波长分别位于518,553nm的增强并窄化的光谱.这是由于两个腔的光场耦合引起了腔模式分裂.结果表明耦合微腔能极大地改变有机材料的自发发射特性,可以用来提高器件的发光效率.     

以蓝色发光材料DPVBi为基质的白色发光器件

白色有机发光器件是实现彩色平板显示的重要方案之一。利用蓝色发光材料DPVBi[4，4′—(2，2—苯乙烯基)—1，1′—联苯]掺杂红光染料DCJTB[4—氰甲烯基—2—叔丁基—6—(1，1，7，7—四甲基久洛尼定基—9—烯炔基—4H—吡喃)]作发光层制备了白色发光器件。研究了DPVBi掺杂不同浓度IDCJTB薄膜的光致发光性质，根据光致发光结果，制备了以DPVBi掺杂不同浓度DCJTB作发光层的电致发光器件，其结构为ITO／GuPc／NPB／DPVBi：DCJTB／Alq3／LiF／Al。当DCJTB质量分数为0．0008时，器件实现了白色发光(色度x=0．25，y=0．32)，电致发光和光致发光的掺杂比例基本相符，表明器件的白色发光主要是由基质DPVBi向掺杂剂DCJTB的能量传递产生的。研究还发现：白色器件随电压升高，光谱中蓝色成分相对于红色成分的比例略有增加，文章对此现象进行了分析。该白光器件在14V时达到最高亮度7822cd／cm^2，在20mA／cm^2电流密度下的亮度为-489cd／cm^2，最大流明效率为1．75lm／W。     

微腔有机电致发光白光器件设计及制作

用一种宽谱带材料Alq₃作为发光层,设计并制作白色有机微腔电致发光器件。器件结构:Glass/DBR/ITO(194 nm)/NPB(93 nm) /Alq₃(49 nm)/MgAg(150 nm),得到了位于蓝(488 nm)和红(612 nm)光区域的两个腔发射模式,并通过颜色匹配获得了白光。器件的最大电致发光亮度16 435 cd/m²,最大效率11.1 cd/A,典型亮度值100 cd/m²时的发光效率、电压、电流密度分别是9 cd/A,6 V和1.2 mA/cm²,CIE 色坐标为(0.32, 0.34)。在不同的驱动电压下,器件的发光颜色稳定,说明了微腔是一种制作白光OLED的有效结构。     

利用激基复合物发光的有机白光电致发光器件

以NPB为空穴传输材料,(dppy)BF为发光层,Alq为电子传输层和色度调节层,制备了有机白光电致发光器件.该器件的白光发射是来自于(dppy)BF与NPB的固界表面形成的激基复合物发光,以及NPB与(dppy)BF发射的蓝光.该白光器件的色度稳定,在电压10～25V的变化范围内,色坐标变化由(0.29,0.33)到(0.31,0.35).器件在4V开启,12V电压下亮度和效率分别为200cd/m²和0.45lm/W.