Palmprint recognition method based on score level fusion

Different palmprint recognition methods have different advantages. The texture- and feature-based palmprint recognition methods can well exploit the minutiae of the palmprint but are not very robust to the possible variation such as the rotation and shift of the palm. The representation-based palmprint recognition method can well take advantage of the holistic information but seems not to be able to fully exploit the minutiae of the palmprint. In this paper, we propose to fuse the competitive coding method and two-phase test sample sparse representation (TPTSR) method for palmprint recognition. As one of representation-based methods, TPTSR method takes the whole palmprint image as the input and determines the contribution of the training samples of each class in representing the test sample. TPTSR also uses the contribution to calculate the similarities between the test sample and every class. The competitive coding method is a feature-based method and is highly complementary with TPTSR. We use a weighted fusion scheme to combine the matching scores generated from TPTSR and the competitive coding method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain a very high classification accuracy and outperforms both TPTSR and the competitive coding method.     

基于多光谱图像融合的掌纹识别方法

生物特征识别在信息安全领域发挥着重要作用,掌纹识别作为一种新型生物特征识别方式,具有低失真、非侵入性和高唯一性等优势。传统掌纹研究大多使用自然光成像系统以灰度格式获取,识别精度很难进一步提升。为了获得更多的身份鉴别信息,提出利用多光谱掌纹图像代替自然光掌纹图像。针对现有掌纹识别算法由于没有考虑到不同光谱的特性而导致纹理细节丢失,识别精准率低的问题,提出了一种基于多光谱图像融合的掌纹识别算法。该方法通过对不同光谱下的掌纹图像进行快速自适应二维经验模式分解（FABEMD）,将多光谱掌纹图像分解成一系列频率由高到低的二维固有模态函数(BIMF)和一个残余分量,残余分量可被视为该光谱图像低频信息的初步估计。图像采集过程中光照条件很难保持稳定,而近红外光谱图像在进行FABEMD分解时对光照变换敏感,容易导致分解后的BIMF背景信息过于冗余;因此对分解后的近红外掌纹图像进行背景重建及特征细化,在对背景冗余信息进行平滑处理的同时可以有效增强高频信息的特征表达。为避免直接融合处理后引发的图像过度曝光问题,提出对近红外特征压缩后再融合。此外,提出了一种结合了注意力机制的改进残差网络（IRCANet）,用于融合后的掌纹图像分类,在网络中引入分阶段残差结构,缓解了网络的退化问题,在学习过程中有效地减少信息丢失,对于融合后的多光谱掌纹图像,分阶段残差结构能够稳定地将图像信息在网络间传输,但对图像中的高低频信息区分效果不够显著,为了使网络关注更多区分性特征,利用特征通道间的相互依赖性,在分阶段残差结构中结合了通道注意力(Channel Attention)机制。最终,在香港理工大学（PolyU）多光谱掌纹数据集上进行的综合实验表明,该方法可以取得良好的效果,算法识别准确率能达到99.67%且具有良好的实时性。     

A palmprint recognition method based on multi-step representation

Sparse representation uses all training samples to represent a test sample only once, which can be regarded as a one step representation. However, in palmprint recognition, the appearances of palms are highly correlated which means the information provided by all the training samples are redundant while using the representation-based methods. Hence, how to obtain suitable samples for representation deserves exploring. In this paper, we devise a multi-step representation manner to extract the most representative samples for representation and recognition. In addition, the proposed sample selection strategy is based on contributions of the classes, not merely the effort of a single sample. Compared with some other appearance-based methods, the proposed method obtained a competitive result on PolyU multispectral palmprint database.     

Palmprint recognition based on the representation in the feature space

In this paper, we propose a palmprint recognition method based on the representation in the feature space. The proposed method seeks to represent the test sample as a linear combination of all the training samples in the feature space and then exploits the obtained linear combination to perform palmprint recognition. We can implement the mapping from the original space to the feature space by using the kernel functions such as radial basis function (RBF). In this method, the selection of the parameter of the kernel function is important. We propose an automatic algorithm for selecting the parameter. The basic idea of the algorithm is to optimize the feature space such that the samples from the same class are well clustered while the samples from different classes are pushed far away. The proposed criterion measures the goodness of a feature space, and the optimal kernel parameter is obtained by minimizing this criterion. Experimental results on multispectral palmprint database show that the proposed method is more effective than 2DPCA, 2DLDA, AANNC, CRC_RLS, nearest neighbor method (NN) and competitive coding method in terms of the correct recognition rate.     

多重分形在掌纹识别中的研究

通过对掌纹的概率密度分布和配分函数的分析，得到掌纹分布具有一定的多重分形性.进一步求取掌纹多重分形谱的宽度、极大值以及谱曲线的不对称程度，并提出以这些参数作为掌纹识别的特征量.这可能为多重分形理论在生物特征识别领域中的应用带来新的思路与方法. 关键词： 分形 模式识别     

主成分分析重建误差掌纹识别方法

主成分分析(PCA)法在掌纹识别方面可以取得较好的效果.但是随着掌纹图像库的扩大,PCA转换矩阵训练时间迅速增长;注册新掌纹时,需要重新训练PCA转换矩阵.添加注册掌纹的代价随着掌纹库的增大迅速增加.如何能够在保持PCA识别效果的情况下提高使用的便捷性成为PCA广泛应用的主要障碍.提出了一种以PCA重建误差为分类依据的PCA重建误差学纹识别方法.该方法与PCA法基于相同的原理,在采用最近邻分类器时可以取得与PCA法相等的性能;同时可以有效减少掌纹图像库的识别时间,可以以极少的代价扩展掌纹库.     

Modular Fisher Discriminant Sparse Representation for robust face recognition

This paper proposes a novel framework for robust face recognition based on sparse representation and discrimination ranking. This method consists of three stages. The first stage partitions each training sample into some overlapped modules and then computes each module's Fisher ratio, respectively. The second stage selects modules which have higher Fisher ratios to comprise a template to filter training and test images. The dictionary is constructed by the filtered training images. The third stage computes the sparse representation of filtered test sample on the dictionary to perform identification. The advantages of the proposed method are listed as follows: the first stage can preserve the local structure. The second stage removes the modules that have little contribution for classification. Then the method uses the retaining modules to classify the test sample by SRC which makes the method robust. Compared with the related methods, experimental results on benchmark face databases verify the advancement of the proposed method. The proposed method not only has a high accuracy but also can be clearly interpreted.     

A sparse representation method based on kernel and virtual samples for face recognition

To improve the classification accuracy of face recognition, a sparse representation method based on kernel and virtual samples is proposed in this paper. The proposed method has the following basic idea: first, it extends the training samples by copying the left side of the original training samples to the right side to form virtual training samples. Then the virtual training samples and the original training samples make up a new training set and we use a kernel-induced distance to determine M nearest neighbors of the test sample from the new training set. Second, it expresses the test sample as a linear combination of the selected M nearest training samples and finally exploits the determined linear combination to perform classification of the test sample. A large number of face recognition experiments on different face databases illustrate that the error ratios obtained by our method are always lower more or less than face recognition methods including the method mentioned in Xu and Zhu [21], the method proposed in Xu and Zhu [39], sparse representation method based on virtual samples (SRMVS), collaborative representation based classification with regularized least square (CRC_RLS), two-phase test sample sparse representation (TPTSSR), and the feature space-based representation method.     

基于摄像头的近距手势识别系统的设计

随着电子技术的不断发展,人机交互方式也在得到转变,手势识别作为其中一项典型应用正吸引越来越多人的关注,本文即在嵌入式平台上通过相关算法实现了基本的手势动作识别。文中利用摄像头进行手势图像数据采集,采用STM32作为微处理器,对图像进行差影分割、噪声去除等处理,完成了近距离范围内对运动手势的实时定位和基本识别,并在此基础上对游戏俄罗斯方块进行了控制,实现了手势识别技术在人机交互中的应用,很好得体现出手势操作的便利性和全新用户体验。     

Integrating the original face images and “symmetrical faces” to perform face recognition

Using the original and ‘symmetrical face’ training samples to perform representation based face recognition was first proposed in [1]. It simultaneously used the original and ‘symmetrical face’ training samples to perform a two-step classification and achieved an outstanding classification result. However, in [1] the “symmetrical face” is devised only for one method. In this paper, we do some improvements on the basis of [1] and combine this “symmetrical faces” transformation with several representation based methods. We exploit all original training samples, left “symmetrical face” training samples and right “symmetrical face” training samples for classification and use the score fusion for ultimate face recognition. The symmetry of the face is first used to generate new samples, which is different from original face image but can really reflect some possible appearance of the face. It effectively overcomes the problem of non-sufficient training samples. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can be used to improve a number of traditional representation based methods including those that are not presented in the paper.     

60种植物类中药提取物的红外光谱分析及其与寒热药性相关性的模式识别评价研究

对60种植物类中药提取物的红外光谱药性特征标记及其模式识别模型进行评价筛选。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合(linear discriminant analysis, LDA), (logistic discriminant analysis, Logistic-DA), (principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis, PCA-LDA), (partial least-squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA), (random forest, RF), (support vector machine, SVM)六种模式识别技术进行研究。水提取组采用加热回流提取1.5 h,无水乙醇、氯仿、石油醚提取组采用室温超声提取45 min。首先分别建立六种模式识别模型,然后采用四种统计方法综合识别,包括60味中药组内回代、60味中药10次迭代5折交叉验证、48味中药训练集、12味中药测试集。选取组内回代识别正确率、交叉验证识别正确率、组外预测正确率同时很高,且理论图谱反映寒热中药原始图谱分布特征者为适宜模型。LDA和SVM是水提取物红外光谱的适宜模式识别模型,LDA是无水乙醇提取物红外光谱的适宜模式识别模型,SVM是氯仿提取物红外光谱的适宜模式识别模型,石油醚提取识别效果不佳。结论：根据适宜识别模型,通过红外光谱数据可识别表征中药寒热成分和寒热程度的特征参数,寒热成分特征参数为与红外光谱吸收位置波谱相对应的识别模型的识别系数,识别系数大于零为寒性标记,识别系数小于零为热性标记;寒热程度特征参数为识别模型的识别得分,得分越大(正值)则寒性越强,得分越小(负值)则热性越强。     

A novel virtual samples-based sparse representation method for face recognition

A limited training set usually limits the performance of face recognition in practice. Even sparse representation-based methods which outperform in face recognition cannot avoid such situation. In order to effectively improve recognition accuracy of sparse representation-based methods on a limited training set, a novel virtual samples-based sparse representation (VSSR) method for face recognition is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, virtual training samples are constructed to enrich the size and diversity of a training set and a sparse representation-based method is used to classify test samples. Extensive experiments on different face databases confirm that VSSR is robust to illumination variations and works better than many representative representation-based face recognition methods.     

A novel method for recognizing face with partial occlusion via sparse representation

In this paper, we propose a novel method to recognize the partially occluded face images based on sparse representation. Generally, occlusions, such as glasses and scarf, fall on some random patch of image's pixels of test images, but which is known to be connected. In our method, all images are divided into several blocks and then an indicator based on linear regression technique is presented to determine whether a block is occluded. We utilize those uncontaminated blocks as the new feature of an image. Finally, the sparse representation-based classification (SRC) method serves as the classifier to recognize unknown faces. In the original work of SRC, the extended SRC (eSRC) scheme is presented to deal with occlusions, which has very heavy computational cost. The experimental results show that our method can achieve good recognition accuracy and has much lower computational cost than eSRC.     

基于Transformer的普通话语声识别模型位置编码选择

具有自注意机制的Transformer网络在语声识别研究领域渐渐得到广泛关注。该文围绕着将位置信息嵌入与语声特征相结合的方向,研究更加适合普通话语声识别模型的位置编码方法。实验结果得出,采用卷积编码的输入表示代替正弦位置编码,可以更好地融合语声特征上下文联系和相对位置信息,获得较好的识别效果。训练的语声识别系统是在Transformer模型基础上,比较4种不同的位置编码方法。结合3-gram语言模型,所提出的卷积位置编码方法,在中文语声数据集AISHELL-1上的误识率降低至8.16%。     

基于磁光调制的多光谱目标识别系统的研究

基于特征光谱的目标识别技术具有检出能力强,可分辨目标种类等优点,但也存在一定的问题,即需要事先获取背景光谱作为先验知识且要求背景光谱随时间的变化较小。由此限制了其在新环境、复杂环境中实时目标识别方面的应用。设计了一种采用磁光调制配合特征光谱分析的技术手段,使目标识别过程中无需事先获取背景谱,从而实现了一次采集获取被测目标信息的功能,相比传统的目标检测方法而言,对战场的适应能力更强,具有较好的实用意义。同时,磁光调制技术有效地抑制了背景杂散光的干扰,从而提高了目标识别概率。由于磁光调制提供了目标光谱的累加迭代信息,故即使未知背景光谱或者背景光谱变化较大时,也可以通过目标光谱的迭代信息大幅提高目标识别率。针对不同被测目标的回波光强与背景光强值进行实验分析,结果显示,三种目标对调制线偏振光的反射能力明显强于背景。采用伪装色的被测目标对可见光成像目标识别影响很大,而调制偏振型系统仍能很好地识别目标。在此基础上,对0.5～2 km范围内的目标进行多特征波长目标种类识别。采用三个特征波长时,目标识别概率在2 km左右明显降低,采用四个或五个特征波长位置时,可以实现95.0%以上的目标识别概率,同时为了降低运算量提高系统的实时检测能力,最终采用四个特征波长。     

基于局部尺度不变特征的快速目标识别

介绍了图像局部尺度不变特征的提取方法,将局部尺度不变特征用于目标识别,为提高识别实时性,提出利用金字塔和尺度空间的混合多尺度表示方法,按照从大尺度到小尺度的顺序对待识别图像的特征点进行检测与匹配,直到完成识别为止,有效地提高了识别速度。     

基于局部保持投影的掌纹识别

为了保持掌纹空间的局部结构,运用局部保持投影(LPP)方法进行掌纹识别.在小样本图像识别中,特征方程矩阵存在奇异性.传统的解决方法是运用主元分析(PCA)获得原样本的低维特征子空间,在该空间中运用LPP进行特征提取.由于PCA和LPP的投影标准本质上是不同的,PCA降维时丢失许多重要的判别信息.为了解决这个问题,提出运用三级小波变换、图像下抽样、图像分块求平均值三种方法降低掌纹空间的维数,在低维图像上应用LPP提取局部特征.计算特征矢量间的余弦距离进行掌纹匹配.运用PolyU掌纹图像库进行测试,结果表明,该算法的识别性能均优于PCA和PCA LPP.特征提取和匹配总时间小于0.1 S,具有快速、有效、易于实现等优点.     

Face image recognition via collaborative representation on selected training samples

In this paper, we present a collaborative representation-based classification on selected training samples (CRC_STS) for face image recognition. The CRC_STS uses a two stage scheme: The first stage is to select some most significant training samples from the original training set by using a multiple round of refining process. The second stage is to use collaborative representation classifier to perform classification on the selected training samples. Our method can be regarded as a sparse representation approach but without imposing l₁-norm constraint on representation coefficients. The experimental results on three well known face databases show that our method works very well.