声压和振速联合信号处理抗相干干扰

与传统的只利用声压信息的水声系统相比,组合传感器系统联合处理声场中的声压和振速信息。更多的信息量必然带来更好的处理结果。本文利用组合传感器本身所蕴含的空间方位信息,提出了相干干扰合成能量流抑制（ＣＩＥＳ）技术,实现了对相干干扰的有效抑制,具备了良好的线谱信号和宽带连续谱信号检测能力。由计算机仿真的结果来看,其处理结果令人鼓舞,进一步的深入研究正在进行中。     

应用半正定规划的目标方位超分辨方法

针对水下目标方位超分辨估计问题,提出了一种基于半正定规划(Sdp)的常规波束(CBF)方位超分辨算法(SdpCBF).Sdp-CBF算法基于常规波束形成获得多目标方位谱数据,利用阵列响应矩阵和半正定规划技术,精确估计目标数量和波达角方向.该算法的本质是利用阵列特性和信号能量信息获得超分辨方位估计,不用进行子空间分解,通过卷积反演的方式将阵列孔径的有限效应消除,在L₂范数约束条件下重构空间谱.仿真表明,Sdp-CBF算法具有较强的噪声抑制能力,对非相干和相干信号均具有目标方位超分辨能力,在低信噪比环境下的方位分辨性能超过多重信号分类(MUSIC)等经典高分辨算法。对消声水池以及湖上实验数据的处理结果显示,Sdp-CBF算法在复杂环境中对相干信号及微弱信号具有较强的分辨能力。      

单矢量水听器方位估计的柱状图方法

单矢量水听器可以估计目标方位,矢量水听器信号处理中用到的平均声强器的处理方法能很好地抗各向同性的非相干干扰,但不能抗相干干扰.文中提出了一种新的单矢量水听器方位估计方法柱状图方位估计法,介绍了该方法的原理;对宽带信号中含强线谱相干干扰的情况进行了计算机仿真,结果表明该方法在强线谱相干干扰下能有效检测目标、估计目标方位;海试结果验证了该方法抗强线谱相干干扰的有效性.     

宽带波束域相干信号子空间高分辨方位估计

提出了宽带波束域相干信号子空间目标高分辨方位估计的频域处理与时域处理方法。分别设计出一组覆盖观察扇面的频域和时域低旁瓣恒定主瓣响应宽带波束形成器,然后对频域或时域波束形成器输出数据运用MUSIC方法估计目标方位。时域处理方法不需要进行频带分解,相对于频域处理需要较少的缓存和运算量。所提出的方法还可以在保证波束主瓣响应恒定的同时,通过在旁瓣区域形成期望宽度和深度的凹槽,用于抑制观察扇面外强干扰源。计算机仿真结果表明,本文的时域处理方法能够获得与本文频域处理方法相近的方位分辨与估计性能,它们都能够分辨相干信号源,且方位分辨与估计性能都高于已有方法。通过在干扰方位设计凹槽,较好地抑制了观察扇面外强干扰源,改善了对相干的弱信号源的方位分辨与估计性能。     

低信噪比线性调频信号目标的方位估计

线性调频(LFM)信号目标的方位估计是水声探测研究的重要内容,在进行方位估计时,若存在强干扰信号源与强背景噪声,阵元接收信号的信噪比会显著降低,严重影响LFM信号目标方位估计结果的准确性.针对该问题,提出了一种简明分数阶滤波方法,并将其与常规波束形成方法(CBF)相结合来实现低信噪比条件下LFM信号目标的方位估计.简明分数阶傅里叶变换能在正交角度上将LFM信号的能量聚集在特定频点处并形成明显的能量峰,利用该特性,可对阵列各阵元接收的低信噪比LFM信号在简明分数阶域聚集的能量峰进行最佳滤波,以滤除干扰信息及背景噪声.对滤波输出进行逆简明分数阶傅里叶变换可得到增强信干比和信噪比的阵元域信号,进一步用于目标方位估计,就能获得更加准确的目标方位。数值仿真结果和海试实验数据处理结果验证表明,本文所提出的方法可有效抑制干扰和背景噪声,并对低信噪比LFM信号进行准确、稳健的方位估计。      

基于特征分析的自适应干扰抑制

针对水声环境中真实目标常常被强干扰掩盖而无法识别的问题,提出了一种基于特征分析的自适应干扰抑制方法(EAAIS)。根据目标信号可能的方向范围,通过构造合适的判决因子来自适应地估计并抑制互谱密度矩阵特征空间中的非目标信号子空间,得到具有更高信干比和信噪比的目标信号,为更好地实现目标识别与跟踪提供技术基础。数值仿真和海试数据验证结果表明,EAAIS方法能够自适应地抑制目标信号可能方向范围之外的强干扰,显著提高接收目标信号的信噪比和信干比,并获得更可靠的目标方位参数。相对于其它干扰抑制方法,本文提出的方法表现出了更为稳健的干扰抑制能力,具有更宽的适用条件。      

子空间判决分析的强干扰抑制

针对海洋中存在的强干扰和环境噪声导致水下目标方位估计算法性能剧烈下降的问题,提出了一种子空间判决分析的强干扰抑制方法 (SSJ),可实现多个强干扰下的目标方位估计。根据常规波束形成粗估的目标角度区间,利用目标-干扰-噪声子空间与导向矢量的相关性,设置判决项和估计合适的判决阈值来分离和抑制样本协方差矩阵中的非目标信息,降低干扰和噪声的输出功率,同时提高输出信干噪比,为增强阵列的目标方位分辨能力提供方法支撑。仿真和海试数据处理结果显示,SSJ方法可抑制目标角度区间外的强干扰和噪声,明显降低了干扰的输出功率和目标主瓣附近的旁瓣级,提高了目标方位角度的分辨力。相比于现有的子空间干扰抑制方法,所提方法具有更加稳健的干扰抑制能力。     

液晶散射法产生部分相干光实验

 对无阶梯诱导空间非相干技术中前级光源太弱的问题进行了分析,开展了前级部分相干源的研究工作。利用向列液晶的电光特性,选用两种液晶盒作为散射体,完成了液晶散射法产生部分相干源的原理性实验,得出液晶散射光能量透过率、均匀性及相干性与外加电场的关系。实验表明通过改变外加电场,可以提高液晶散射光的强度和均匀性,同时降低其空间相干性。     

声屏蔽技术抗拖船干扰

提出了多途信道中的声屏蔽技术,并应用于抗拖船干扰,以克服传统的阵处理办法抑制拖船干扰时所存在的探测盲区问题。把拖曳线列阵接收的拖船干扰和同方位的目标信号在频域通过一个屏蔽聚焦权滤波器,在对干扰屏蔽的同时,对目标聚焦。针对聚焦权实用性差的缺点,又提出了屏蔽非聚焦权,并与常规波束形成做了比较。11元水平阵数据仿真结果表明,该技术提高了处理增益约5 dB;在抑制拖船干扰提高处理增益的同时,理论上也可以消除掉在该方向上强目标干扰形成的探测盲区。     

非相干空间孤子的自陷行为

用相干密度法研究了一维非相干光束在饱和对数型光折变介质中的自陷行为,发现在传输过程中孤子的形态可具有稳态和周期性振荡的特点,具体取决于入射光束的初始宽度、相干特性和材料的非线性响应;研究了构成非相干光束的相干组份的传播行为,发现各相干组份的强度和光束宽度沿纵向发生周期性变化,峰值位置沿横向发生周期性变化.另外,利用横向相干宽度研究了非相干光束在各种传输状态下相干特性的变化,从而进一步解释了非相干光束在不同传播状态下的演化特性.     

激光相干场成像散斑噪声复合去噪方法

噪声是影响激光相干场高分辨成像系统像质的重要因素,激光相干场成像系统既受背景光加性噪声影响,又受激光乘性散斑噪声影响.为解决激光相干场成像系统受激光乘性散斑噪声和背景光加性噪声叠加引起的成像像质退化效应问题,从噪声抑制角度提高激光相干场系统高分辨成像像质,研究建立了激光散斑乘性噪声和背景光加性噪声对大气下行链路激光回波场信号影响干扰模型,并基于该模型提出了一种基于同态滤波和稀疏基追踪级联复合去噪算法.首先基于同态滤波理论将激光乘性散斑噪声转化为加性噪声,再由高通滤波器滤除散斑噪声,最后采用基追踪稀疏理论方法抑制背景光等加性噪声对像质的影响.研究表明,较现有单一去噪方法,该级联复合去噪方法可一次性消除激光乘性散斑噪声和背景加性噪声两种不同性质的噪声,有效改善了激光相干场成像质量.     

Observer-based beamforming algorithm for acoustic array signal processing

In the field of noise identification with microphone arrays, conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming is the most popular signal processing technique. However, acoustic imaging results that are generated by DAS beamforming are easily influenced by background noise, particularly for in situ wind tunnel tests. Even when arithmetic averaging is used to statistically remove the interference from the background noise, the results are far from perfect because the interference from the coherent background noise is still present. In addition, DAS beamforming based on arithmetic averaging fails to deliver real-time computational capability. An observer-based approach is introduced in this paper. This so-called observer-based beamforming method has a recursive form similar to the state observer in classical control theory, thus holds a real-time computational capability. In addition, coherent background noise can be gradually rejected in iterations. Theoretical derivations of the observer-based beamforming algorithm are carefully developed in this paper. Two numerical simulations demonstrate the good coherent background noise rejection and real-time computational capability of the observer-based beamforming, which therefore can be regarded as an attractive algorithm for acoustic array signal processing.     

噪音信号对夜间对流层臭氧探测准确度的影响

本文探讨在背景噪音影响下,差分吸收激光雷达测量臭氧的不确定性:背景噪音对臭氧浓度廓线的影响正比于背景噪音强度、强吸收波长和弱吸收波长的回波信号强度比.理论计算结果表明:合适的回波信号强度比可以使激光雷达背景信号对夜间臭氧探测浓度的影响变得非常小,可以忽略不计.实验结果表明:用波长对(280 nm,285 nm)对大气臭氧进行观测时,适当调节两波长回波信号强度比为0.96时,背景信号对臭氧浓度探测的影响小到可以忽略的程度.模拟分析和实验观测结果相接近,证实了理论推算的合理性.在背景噪音强度未知的情况下,通过调整强吸收和弱吸收两波长的激光脉冲的能量,在示波器上得到适合的回波信号强度比值,可以抑制背景噪音信号对臭氧探测结果的影响,确保夜间臭氧测量的准确性.     

声压振速信息联合处理应用于环境噪声分析

本文将声压、振速信息联合处理应用于环境噪声分析,分析了利用新型的组合传感器采集的湖试环境噪声样本。将环境噪声场分解为不相干的各向同性分量和相干的各向异性分量,可进一步分析环境噪声场的构成及各组成分量的特性     

Non-uniformity correction of infrared focal plane array in point target surveillance systems

We discuss the influence of non-uniformity and non-uniformity correction on point target detection in infrared surveillance system, and propose a non-uniformity correction approach which is based on signal intensity and sensor characteristics. Theoretical models are used to derive the combined effect of background clutter, sensor random noise, target, non-uniformity and correction error on the signal-to-noise-and-clutter ratio. From our analysis, it can be noted that background clutter intensity is successively modulated by sensor non-uniformity and non-uniformity correction, while sensor random noise is modulated by the non-uniformity correction process only. Furthermore, background clutter and sensor random noise are the key factors that affect the performance of a surveillance system, when it is used to detect point targets. The method presented in this paper takes all of the above into account, moreover, it considers the difference between scanning and staring focal plane array. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

New proposal of modulation of amplitude-squeezed state of light by intensity variation of a low-frequency coherent message signal

Squeezed state of light explores a new era in noiseless communication and data processing recently breaking the quantum limit of noise. We propose a new mechanism of modulating an amplitude-squeezed signal with the instantaneous intensity variation of a coherent signal. The modulating signal is a coherent light where the amplitude-squeezed light takes the role of a carrier signal.     

基于相位调制-解调的光纤激光相位噪声检测方法研究

在主动相位控制相干合成中,常用的光纤激光主动相位控制方法主要有外差法、多抖动法和随机并行梯度下降算法等. 基于多抖动法和外差法的原理,提出了一种新型的基于相位调制-解调的相位检测与控制方法. 该方法利用周期信号对参考光进行相位调制,将调制后的参考光与待检测信号光进行相干检测,通过对相干光强信号和相位调制信号的融合处理,实现相位噪声的检测和控制. 对该方法进行了数值模拟和实验研究. 实验结果表明,对于频率为2 kHz,噪声范围为[0,2π)的正弦噪声,相位检测精度优于λ/50,控制精度可达 关键词： 光纤激光 相干合成 相位噪声检测 调制-解调     

部分相干信息处理系统的噪声演绩(Ⅱ)——时间部分相干照明

本文研究了时间相干性对光学信息处理系统噪声演绩的影响。以输出信噪比作为信息处理系统噪声演绩的度量,系统中任意平面上的颗粒噪声及相位噪声作为主要的噪声源。结果表明,时间部分相干照明可以提高系统的输出信噪比,对系统的装置噪声有明显的抑制作用。     

Dynamics of a horizontal saccadic oculomotor system with colored noise

Intermittent nystagmus is a special kind of nystagmus with an irregular attack time. Its pathogenesis remains unclear. Recently, nonlinear dynamic methods used to explore the mechanisms responsible for intermittent nystagmus have received increased attention. The current study examines the dynamic properties of the bistable horizontal saccadic oculomotor system driven by colored noise. The most probable amplitude, stationary probability density of response, and signal-to-noise ratio curves with different parameters are obtained through stochastic numerical simulation. Then, the stochastic P bifurcation and coherent resonance phenomenon of the saccadic oculomotor system are analyzed. Results indicate that inhibition strength, noise intensity, or correlation time could induce stochastic P bifurcation, which may explain the development of intermittent nystagmus. Further, it is found that intermittent nystagmus can be suppressed by increasing inhibition strength, and that correlation time and noise intensity can lead to coherence resonance.     

Influence of multichannel combination, parallel imaging and other reconstruction techniques on MRI noise characteristics

The statistical properties of background noise such as its standard deviation and mean value are frequently used to estimate the original noise level of the acquired data. This requires the knowledge of the statistical intensity distribution of the background signal, that is, the probability density of the occurrence of a certain signal intensity. The influence of many new MRI techniques and, in particular, of various parallel-imaging methods on the noise statistics has neither been rigorously investigated nor experimentally demonstrated yet. In this study, the statistical distribution of background noise was analyzed for MR acquisitions with a single-channel and a 32-channel coil, with sum-of-squares (SoS) and spatial-matched-filter (SMF) data combination, with and without parallel imaging using k-space and image-domain algorithms, with real-part and conventional magnitude reconstruction and with several reconstruction filters. Depending on the imaging technique, the background noise could be described by a Rayleigh distribution, a noncentral chi-distribution or the positive half of a Gaussian distribution. In particular, the noise characteristics of SoS-reconstructed multichannel acquisitions (with k-space-based parallel imaging or without parallel imaging) differ substantially from those with image-domain parallel imaging or SMF combination. These effects must be taken into account if mean values or standard deviations of background noise are employed for data analysis such as determination of local noise levels. Assuming a Rayleigh distribution as in conventional MR images or a noncentral chi-distribution for all multichannel acquisitions is invalid in general and may lead to erroneous estimates of the signal-to-noise ratio or the contrast-to-noise ratio.