Magnetism and Hall effect of the Heusler alloy Co2ZrSn synthesized by melt-spinning process

Magnetization and Hall resistivity have been measured for the Heusler alloy Co₂ZrSn synthesized by the melt-spinning process. The temperature dependence of magnetization follows the spin-wave theory at a low temperature. Abnormal behaviors are observed both in resistance and Hall effect below 8 K. The present Hall resistivity measurement shows that the anomalous Hall effects coexist with normal Hall effects. The negative value of normal Hall coefficient over the whole temperature range reveals that the major charge carriers are electrons. The anomalous Hall coefficient is proportional to the zero-field resistivity, suggesting that magnetic skew scattering is the dominant mechanism in the ferromagnetic regime. The reason for the abnormity below 8 K during transport is discussed.     

Dependence of the longitudinal magnetoresistance of iron whiskers on the measuring current

The dependence of the longitudinal magnetoresistance of 100 iron whiskers upon the measuring current is investigated at 4.2 K in magnetic fields up to 20 kA/m. The carbon-saturated single crystal whiskers are 30 to 150 m in diameter with a residual resistance ratio (RRR) of about 300. The shape of the resulting magnetoresistance curves exhibits a strong dependence on the actual measuring current. Previously existing hysteresis effects and resistivity jumps disappear with increasing current in the range from 0 to 1 A.     

First-principles study of transport of V doped boron nitride nanotube

We perform first-principles calculations of spin-dependent quantum transport in V doped boron nitride nanotube: the junction of pristine (6,0) boron nitride nanotube in contact with V doped (6,0) boron nitride nanotube electrodes. Large tunnel magnetoresistance and perfect spin filtration effect are obtained. The zero bias tunnel magnetoresistance is found to be several thousand percent, it reduces monotonically to zero with a voltage scale of about 0.65 V, and eventually goes to negative values after the bias of 0.65 V. The ratio of spin injection is above 95% till the bias of 0.85 V and is even as large as 99% for the bias from 0.25 eV to 0.55 eV when the magnetic configurations of two electrodes are parallel. The understanding of the spin-dependent nonequilibrium transport is presented by investigating microscopic details of the transmission coefficients.     

Magnetoresistance of Electrons Channelled by Microscopic Magnetic Field Modulation

We report the magnetoresistance of two-dimensional electron gas, which is made of GaAs based epitaxial mul-tilayers and laterally subjected to a periodic magnetic field. The modulation field is produced by an array of submicrometre ferromagnets fabricated at the surface of the heterostructure. The magnetoresistance of about 20% is found at low temperature 80K. The measurement is in quantitative agreement with semiclassical simulations, which reveal that the magnetoresistance is due to electrons trapped in snake orbits along lines of zero magnetic field.     

Galvanomagnetic properties of disordered Mn semi-Heusler phases with Anderson localisation

The Anderson localisation has been observed in Heusler-type solid solutions where Mn replaces Ti or V in NiTiSb or CoVSb compounds respectively, due to the atomic and magnetic disorders. The magnetoresistance, Hall effect, thermopower and electron spin resonance of these solutions are investigated. Strong anomalies appear for the concentration range where a carrier localisation occurs; the mobility of carriers is strongly reduced, the magnetoresistance scales with the resistivity and the susceptibility of solid solutions. Received 31 May 2000     

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes are ballistic conductors at room temperature

Following the experiments of Frank et al. [1], which demonstrated quantum transport in multiwalled carbon nanotubes, there have been several experiments that appear to contradict the main conclusion of that paper, which is that the transport of a MWNT at room temperature is ballistic. Here we demonstrate that the intrinsic resistance of clean-arc-produced carbon nanotubes is at most 200 Ω/ μm, which implies that the momentum mean free path is greater than 30 μm, which in turn is much larger than the tube length. This implies that these tubes are ballistic, according to the standard definition of ballistic transport. We also show that the contact resistance with mercury is quite large: a nanotube in contact with Hg over 100 nm of its length still represents a 3000 Ω resistance. Received: 14 September 2001 / Accepted: 3 December 2001 / Published online: 4 March 2002     

Effect of temperature on the electron field emission from aligned carbon nanofibers and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Effect of temperature and aspect ratio on the field emission properties of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber and multiwalled carbon nanotube thin films were studied in detail. Carbon nanofibers and multiwalled carbon nanotube have been synthesized on Si substrates via direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Surface morphologies of the films have been studied by a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. It is found that the threshold field and the emission current density are dependent on the ambient temperature as well as on the aspect ratio of the carbon nanostructure. The threshold field for carbon nanofibers was found to decrease from 5.1 to 2.6 V/μm when the temperature was raised from 300 to 650 K, whereas for MWCNTs it was found to decrease from 4.0 to 1.4 V/μm. This dependence was due to the change in work function of the nanofibers and nanotubes with temperature. The field enhancement factor, current density and the dependence of the effective work function with temperature and with aspect ratio were calculated and we have tried to explain the emission mechanism.     

Influence of V substitution for Fe on the transport and magnetic properties of Sr2FeMoO6

We have investigated the crystal structure, magnetization and magnetoresistance of the double perovskite compounds Sr₂(Fe_1−xV_x)MoO₆ (0≤x≤0.1). The lattice constants and the cation ordering decrease monotonously with the V content. The Curie temperature, saturation magnetization and low field magnetoresistance of the compounds decrease with increasing x due to the reduced degree of ordering. The resistivity of Sr₂FeMoO₆ and lightly doped samples shows semiconductive behavior, while the samples with higher doping levels exhibit a semiconductor-metal transition around 80 K.     

High-frequency magnetoimpedance in nanocomposites

The transmission of millimeter-range electromagnetic waves (30–50 GHz) through a magnetic nanocomposite thin film exhibiting tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) is calculated. The relative change of transmission coefficient in an applied magnetic field due to the magnetorefractive effect is approximately linear with TMR and strongly depends on nanocomposite resistivity and film thickness. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experiment.     

Magnetic and magnetoresistance behavior of Tb7Rh3, an intermetallic compound with a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity in the paramagnetic state

The results of dc magnetization, electrical and magnetoresistance and heat capacity measurements (2-300 K) on Tb₇Rh₃, crystallizing in the Th₇Fe₃-type hexagonal structure, are reported. In this compound, magnetic ordering sets in around 90 K with additional transitions at low temperatures and the temperature coefficient of resistivity (ρ), , is negative over a wide temperature range in the paramagnetic state. The present magnetization results reveal that this compound is apparently characterized by rich features in the magnetic-field-temperature phase diagram. A point of major emphasis is that the sign of in the paramagnetic state can be gradually changed by the application of a magnetic field. As a result, the magnitude of the magnetoresistance (MR) is rather large even in the vicinity of room temperature (far above the magnetic ordering temperature), in addition to giant MR behavior in the magnetically ordered state.     

多壁碳纳米管对p型Ba0.3FeCo3Sb12化合物热电性能的影响

用两步固相反应法合成了P型Ba填充方钴矿化合物Ba0.3FeCo3Sb12，并采用放电等离子烧结法(SPS)制备了Ba0.3FeCo3Sb12／多壁碳纳米管复合材料．研究了Ba0.3FeCo3Sb12／多壁碳纳米管复合材料的结构及多壁碳纳米管对其热电性能的影响规律：SEM分析表明多壁碳纳米管比较均匀地分布在Ba0.3FeCo3Sb12基体中；随着碳纳米管添加量的增加，Ba0.3FeCo3Sb12／多壁碳纳米管复合材料的电导率下降、塞贝克系数略微下降、晶格热导率大幅度降低，当碳纳米管含量为5％时其晶格热导率最小；当碳纳米管的含量为3％时，本研究得到的Ba0.3FeCo3Sb12／碳纳米管复合材料的最大ZT值达0．78．     

Localization effects in the charge density wave state [4]of the quasi-two-dimensional monophosphate tungsten bronzes {(P{O_2})_4}{(W{O_3})_{2m}}(m = 7,8,9)

The monophosphate tungsten bronzes (PO ₂ ) ₄ (WO ₃ ) _2m are quasi-two-dimensional conductors which show charge density wave type electronic instabilities. We report electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements down to 0.30 K and in magnetic fields up to 16 T for the m = 7, 8 and 9 members of this family. We show that these compounds exhibit at low temperature an upturn of resistivity and field dependences of the magnetoresistance characteristic of localization effects. We discuss the dimensionality of the regime of localization as m is varied. We show that for m =7, the regime is quasi-two-dimensional and three-dimensional for m = 8, 9. Received 16 September 1999     

Magnetic properties of PrRh2Si2: A neutron diffraction study

The magnetic properties of polycrystalline PrRh₂Si₂ sample have been investigated by neutron diffraction measurements. Antiferromagnetic transition with an anomalously high ordering temperature (T_N∼68 K) is clearly observed in magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity and neutron diffraction measurements. Neutron diffraction study shows that Pr³⁺ ions carry an ordered moment of 2.99(7)μ_B/Pr³⁺ and align along the crystallographic±c-directions for the ions located at the (0,0,0) and positions. The magnetoresistance at 2 K and 10 T is rather large (∼35%).     

Electron-phonon scattering in potassium at high magnetic fields

We have measured the temperature dependence of both the zero-field resistivity and the transverse magnetoresistance of polycrystalline potassium wires (?(300 K)/?(4.2 K)=140 to 6000) in fieldsH?35 kG and at temperaturesT?4.2 K. Our principal findings are: 1) The presence of a large magnetic fieldH=35 kG does not alter the temperature dependence of ? from that observed atH=0; below 4.2 K theT-dependent part of the resistivities,_?T (H=0) and_?T (H=35 kG), fit well to the function exp (?Θ*/T) with the same Θ*=23K. 2) Deviations from Matthiessen's rule are significantly reduced in a strong field so that the magnitude of_?T (H=0) approaches that of_?T (H=35 kG) as sample purity decreases. 3) The slope of the high-field linear magnetoresistance increases slightly (?8%) from 1.5 K to 4.2 K. We attribute the exponential temperature dependence of_?T (H) to the freezing out of electron-phonon umklapp processes as has been shown for the zero-field resistivity. The reduction in deviations from Matthiessen's rule at high fields can be understood within semiclassical theory, but the latter cannot explain the failure of_?T (H) to saturate at high fields. A proposal by Young that electron-phonon umklapp scattering may contribute aT-dependent high-field linear magnetoresistance in potassium is considered.     

Mesoscopic thermal and thermoelectric measurements of individual carbon nanotubes

We discuss the mesoscopic experimental measurements of electron energy dissipation, phonon thermal transport, and thermoelectric phenomena in individual carbon nanotubes. The temperature distributions in electrically heated individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been measured with a scanning thermal microscope. The temperature profiles along the tube axis in nanotubes indicate the bulk dissipation of electronic energy to phonons. In addition, thermal conductivity of an individual multiwalled nanotube has been measured using a microfabricated suspended device. The observed thermal conductivity is two orders of magnitude higher than the estimation from previous experiments that used macroscopic mat samples. Finally, we present thermoelectric power (TEP) of individual single walled carbon nanotubes using a novel mesoscopic device. A strong modulation of TEP as a function of the gate electrode was observed.     

Magnetic property and magnetoresistance in Fe/ITO multilayers

Giant magnetoresistance was found in DC magnetron sputtering Fe/ITO multilayers. The magnetic properties, electrical properties and magnetoresistance were investigated. A critical temperature is found around 50 K where the temperature dependence of resistivity and magnetoresistance ratio exhibit an abruptly change. The temperature dependence of resistance is found to obey Mott's 1/4 law for low temperature. The max magnetoresistance ratio of 2.0% and 6.7% is found at room temperature and 12.5 K, respectively. The increase of magnetoresistance ratio at low temperature is due to the decrease of spin-mixing effect.     

多壁碳纳米管太赫兹图谱研究

近年来碳纳米管是一个重要的研究领域,但研究重点主要是其电子、光学和机械等特性。尽管有关单壁碳纳米管的在远红外光谱已有诸多报道,但多壁碳纳米管这方面的研究却较少。试验采用太赫兹时域光谱系统对多壁碳纳米管进行表征,同时也用扫描电镜对其进行形貌检测和微区成分分析,以深入了解其特性。检测结果显示,在0.2～2.0 THz内,样品折射率随着频率的增加而减小,吸收系数却随着频率的增加而增加,并可以拟合斜率为1.92的直线;样品的内径为5～15 nm、外径为15～25 nm,且长度达到了微米级,样品含C量大约为94%,其他为O和Cl杂质元素。根据泰勒扩展式和麦克斯韦方程,得到了样品在该太赫兹频域内吸收的数学模型,该数学模型基本上与检测结果一致。该样品的太赫兹吸收特性主要取决于其化学组成和分子的大小,含C量不同的碳纳米管预示着具有不同的太赫兹图谱和独特的功能。     

On the size of small single-walled carbon nanotubes

We derive a formula relative to the diameter/length ratio of a small single-walled carbon nanotube by means of calculations referring to Fermi energy. These calculations arise from the consideration of the Fermi's velocity for a multiwalled carbon nanotube.     

Improved giant magnetoresistance in magnetic granular Co5 Cu95 alloys by direct-current joule heating

The dc joule heating technique has been used to produce giant magnetoresistance (GMR) Co₅Cu₉₅ granular alloys. At T=10 K, GMR as large as 28.5% has been observed in the as-quenched sample annealed with I=6A in a magnetic field up to 30 kOe. At room temperature, the joule-heated samples show higher GMR in comparison with that annealed by the conventional method.     

Charge-density-wave instabilities and quantum transport in the monophosphate tungsten bronzes with m = 5 alternate structure

Resistivity, thermoelectric power and magnetotransport measurements have been performed on single crystals of the quasi two-dimensional monophosphate tungsten bronzes (PO₂)₄(WO₃)_2m for m =5 with alternate structure, between 0.4 K and 500 K, in magnetic fields of up to 36 T. These compounds show one charge density instability (CDW) at 160 K and a possible second one at 30 K. Large positive magnetoresistance in the CDW state is observed. The anisotropic Shubnikov-de Haas and de Haas-van Alphen oscillations detected at low temperatures are attributed to the existence of small electron and hole pockets left by the CDW gap openings. Angular dependent magnetoresistance oscillations (AMRO) have been found at temperatures below 30 K. The results are discussed in terms of a weakly corrugated cylindrical Fermi surface. They are shown to be consistent with a change of the Fermi surface below 30 K. Received 23 November 1999 and Received in final form 23 March 2000