电子温度各向异性对螺旋波m=1角向模功率沉积特性的影响

采用一般的径向密度非均匀分布假设,借助温等离子体介电张量模型,利用磁化等离子体中电磁波的一般色散关系,在高密度峰值、低磁场、低气压典型参量条件下,重点分析了电子温度各向异性对螺旋波m=1角向模功率沉积特性的影响.研究结果表明:在典型螺旋波等离子体电子温度范围(3, 8) e V内,电子有限拉莫尔半径效应应当予以考虑,而离子有限拉莫尔半径效应可以忽略.低磁场条件下|n|> 1次回旋谐波对介电张量元素的贡献可以忽略.碰撞阻尼在功率沉积中占据主导地位,功率沉积在偏离等离子体柱中心轴的某一径向位置出现峰值,随着轴向电子温度T_{e, z}的增大,功率沉积强度逐渐增强.相比等离子体温度各向同性情形,等离子体温度各向异性显著改变了螺旋波m=1角向模的功率沉积特性,电子温度各向异性因子χ=T_e,⊥/T_{e, z}的增大或减小均导致功率沉积强度发生剧烈改变.     

同轴磁场对非平衡磁控溅射系统放电特性的影响

采用激励电流可以调整的电磁线圈来激发非平衡磁场,调整约束磁场和放电空间等离子体状态。实验结果表明调整非平衡磁场显著影响系统的放电特性,使放电特性偏离常规的磁控溅射系统放电特性,增强了等离子体的引出效果。在Ar放电的条件下,详细研究了溅射系统的工作伏安特性随不同的工作气体、气压和溅射功率的变化规律。根据蔡尔得公式,讨论了非平衡磁场对于磁控溅射系统中放电特性的影响规律。     

弱电离尘埃等离子体的介电张量研究

忽略磁场作用,通过求解含BGK碰撞项的Boltzmann方程和尘埃粒子充电方程导出了弱电离尘埃等离子体介电张量的表达式.证明了“冷”尘埃等离子体的纵向介电张量系数与横向介电张量系数相等.完善了弱电离尘埃等离子体电磁特性的理论模型. 关键词： 弱电离尘埃等离子体 Boltzmann方程 充电方程 介电张量     

电子温度各向异性对螺旋波等离子体中电磁模式的传播及功率沉积特性的影响

采用考虑粒子温度各向异性热等离子体介电张量模型,借助磁化、均匀密度分布等离子体中电磁波的一般色散关系,在低磁场、低气压螺旋波等离子体典型参量条件下,理论分析了电子温度各向异性对电磁模式传播特性和角向对称模功率沉积的影响.研究结果表明:对于给定的纵向静磁场B₀(或波频率ω),存在一个临界波频率ω_cr(或纵向静磁场B_0,cr),当ω>ω_cr(或B₀0,cr)时,电子回旋谐波遭受的阻尼开始显著增大;相比粒子温度各向同性情形,粒子温度各向异性彻底改变了波的传播特性,即相位常数和衰减常数均出现峰值现象;在考虑电子有限拉莫尔半径效应和电子温度各向异性情形下,Trivelpiece-Gould (TG)波碰撞阻尼在整个电磁波功率沉积中占据主导地位,电子纵向温度T_e,//存在某一临界值,在此临界值处TG波功率沉积出现峰值P_abs,TG,且随着T_e,⊥/T_e,//的减小,...     

相对论磁化运动等离子体的介电张量

 定义了相对论磁化运动等离子体(MMP)的物理模型。利用微扰理论导出了系统的介电张量，研究发现，MMP具有完全不同于静态磁化等离子体介电张量的形式。对电磁波沿轴向传播的情况进行了数值模拟计算，结果表明，系统的共振频率随等离子体密度的增加而非线性增加，在相同的条件下，右旋波的共振频率高于左旋波的共振频率。对于传播的右旋电磁波，增加纵向磁场，共振频率提高，而对于左旋电磁波，增加纵向磁场，共振频率降低。     

时空非均匀等离子体鞘套中太赫兹波的传播特性

高超声速飞行器再入地面的过程中,其周围等离子体的电子密度是非均匀且随时间变化的.对于不同的再入高度,飞行器周围的温度和压强也会发生改变.因此,研究电磁波在时空非均匀等离子体鞘套中的传播特性意义重大.首先建立了时变非均匀的等离子体鞘套模型,然后通过经验公式得到温度、压强与碰撞频率三者的关系.采用时域有限差分方法计算了太赫兹波段中不同电子密度弛豫时间、温度、压强时的反射系数、透射系数和吸收率.研究结果表明:在太赫兹波段中,电子密度的弛豫时间越长,温度越高,压强越大,电磁波越容易穿透等离子体;弛豫时间越短,温度越低,压强越小,等离子体对电磁波吸收率的变化越明显.这些结果为解决"黑障"问题提供了理论依据.     

各向异性电介质边界条件的具体形式

各向异性电介质的边界条件是张量方程。由张量方程的协变性,应用张量分析的矩阵方法推导出边界条件在空间直角坐标系和电各向异性球坐标系下的具体形式,这有助于加深对各向异性电介质介电属性的理解。     

聚合物光波导的等离子体刻蚀工艺研究

等离子体干法刻蚀是聚合物光波导制备过程中一项关键工艺.利用感应耦合等离子体各向异性刻蚀工艺制备了聚合物脊形结构波导,研究了不同工艺参量(源功率、偏置功率、刻蚀腔室压强以及气体组分)对脊形波导刻蚀速率的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜对刻蚀后波导高度、侧壁垂直度及表面粗糙度进行分析,得到了高刻蚀速率和低粗糙度的优化工艺条件.实验...     

各向异性磁化等离子体涂敷三维导体目标FDTD分析

把电流密度卷积-时域有限差分法(JEC-FDTD)推广应用于三维各向异性色散介质——磁化等离子体中，该算法同时解决了电磁波在各向异性和频率色散介质中传播的难题，给出了各向异性磁化等离子体中JEC-FDTD迭代公式.计算了各向异性磁化等离子体涂敷二面角反射器和球锥体后其RCS的变化情况，分析了电子回旋频率对其RCS的影响.计算结果表明磁化等离子体吸收性能更好. 关键词： 时域有限差分方法 各向异性磁化等离子体     

等离子体中的迁移系数

从等离子体动力学方程出发,采用玻尔兹曼碰撞项,在粒子分布函数偏离麦克斯韦分布甚小的情况下,作三级矩近似得到了等离子体迁移方程组。迁移方程组中忽略时间微分项后,得出了电子-离子等离子体的张量形式迁移系数,以及与磁场方向成平行(∥)、垂直(⊥)和交叉方向的迁移系数。导出的结果和文献[1]采用朗道碰撞项得出的结果进行了比较。结果表明,迁移系数和等离子体参数的依赖关系是一致的,但对磁场B和离子电荷Z_i值取定时,个别迁移系数要差一倍。此外,导出的迁移系数形式比文献[1]的要简单些。     

Suppression of the magnetic surface shift by plasma rotation in a tokamak

The equilibrium of a toroidally rotating plasma in an axisymmetric tokamak-like system is considered. The equilibrium equation is represented in the form of the Grad-Shafranov equation in which, in contrast to the static case (with no plasma rotation), the plasma pressure depends on both the flux surface label and major radius. It is shown that the dependence of the pressure on the major radius makes it possible to choose the profile of the plasma rotation velocity so as to minimize the effect of the plasma pressure on the shift of the flux surfaces, in which case it might be anticipated that the maximum pressure of the confined plasma will be higher. This result was derived analytically and tested numerically for a number of typical tokamak configurations with a fixed plasma boundary.     

The influence of moisture on atmospheric pressure plasma etching of PA6 films

The moisture in the substrate material may have a potential influence on atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. In order to investigate how the existence of moisture affects atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, polyamide 6 (PA6) films were treated by helium, helium/oxygen (O₂) plasmas using atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) at different moisture regain. The film surfaces were investigated using contact-angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize the surfaces. The exposure of PA6 film surfaces to the plasmas led to the etching process on the surfaces and changes in the topography of the surfaces. It was shown that the etching rate and the surface roughness were higher for the 9.33% moisture regain (relative humidity 100%) group than that of the 1.61% moisture regain (relative humidity 10%) group with the same plasma gas and power.     

Natural electron oscillations in granular indium films deposited on rough surfaces of NaCl and KCl single crystals

Two plasma resonance bands were simultaneously observed in granular indium films deposited on rough surfaces of NaCl and KCl single crystals; one of them is caused by a combined action of the light-wave field and of the field created by the dipole grains, and the other, by the light-wave field alone with the frequency of natural electron oscillations ω₀ in the grains. The indium plasma frequency, calculated from the measured frequencies ω₀ and known dielectric constants of NaCl and KCl, agrees well with the known plasma frequency of bulk indium. An anisotropy in the plasma resonance band of granular indium films deposited on a rough NaCl surface was found and interpreted.     

Properties of Atmospheric Pressure Ar Plasma Jet Depending on Treated Dielectric Material

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet operated in argon was utilized to modify surfaces of glass, acrylic, and PTFE dielectrics. This paper describes the influence of the dielectric substrate on operation and properties of plasma. Two modes of operation (each of those have two patterns) were described. The transition from one mode to another, values of the dissipated power, and spreading of plasma over the dielectric surfaces strongly depended on the substrate material. Additionally, three methods of plasma spreading estimation were presented and discussed.     

Pressure anisotropy effects on nonlinear electrostatic excitations in magnetized electron-positron-ion plasmas

The propagation of linear and nonlinear electrostatic waves is investigated in a magnetized anisotropic electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma with superthermal electrons and positrons. A two-dimensional plasma geometry is assumed. The ions are assumed to be warm and anisotropic due to an external magnetic field. The anisotropic ion pressure is defined using the double adiabatic Chew-Golberger-Low (CGL) theory. In the linear regime, two normal modes are predicted, whose characteristics are investigated parametrically, focusing on the effect of superthermality of electrons and positrons, ion pressure anisotropy, positron concentration and magnetic field strength. A Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) type equation is derived for the electrostatic potential (disturbance) via a reductive perturbation method. The parametric role of superthermality, positron content, ion pressure anisotropy and magnetic field strength on the characteristics of solitary wave structures is investigated. Following Allen and Rowlands [J. Plasma Phys. 53, 63 (1995)], we have shown that the pulse soliton solution of the ZK equation is unstable to oblique perturbations, and have analytically traced the dependence of the instability growth rate on superthermality and ion pressure anisotropy.     

质子化学位移各向异性的测量

测量质子化学位移各向异性（CSA）有助于表征分子结构与其动力学,但由于¹H-¹H同核偶极耦合相互作用很强及质子各向异性化学位移较小,测量质子化学位移各向异性仍具有巨大挑战,特别是对含有多种质子的生物大分子,如蛋白质.本文简要综述了测量质子化学位移各向异性的方法,包括同核去耦慢速魔角旋转方法、超快魔角旋转方法、对称重耦（RN_n^v）方法、xCSA方法以及量子化学计算方法.我们重点介绍了在高速魔角旋转条件下蛋白质氨基质子化学位移各向异性的测量及它们与氢键长度、蛋白质二级结构之间的关系.     

Linear analysis of plasma pressure-driven mode in reversed shear cylindrical tokamak plasmas

The linear behavior of the dominant unstable mode ($m=2$, $n=1$) and its high order harmonics ($m=2n$, $n\ge 2$) are numerically investigated in a reversed magnetic shear cylindrical plasma with two $q=2$ rational surfaces on the basis of the non-reduced magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. The results show that with low beta (beta is defined as the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic field pressure), the dominant mode is a classical double tearing mode (DTM). However, when the beta is sufficiently large, the mode is driven mainly by plasma pressure. In such a case, both the linear growth rate and mode structures are strongly affected by pressure, while almost independent of the resistivity. This means that the dominant mode undergoes a transition from DTM to pressure-driven mode with the increase of pressure, which is consistent with the experimental result in ASDEX Upgrade. The simulations also show that the distance between two rational surfaces has an important influence on the pressure needed in mode transition. The larger the distance between two rational surfaces, the larger the pressure for driving the mode transition is. Motivated by the phenomena that the high-$m$ modes may dominate over low-$m$ modes at small inter-resonance distance, the high-$m$ modes with different pressures and $q$ profiles are studied too.     

Structural Changes in Lymphocytes Membrane of Chernobyl Clean-up Workers from Latvia

ABM (3-aminobenzanthrrone derivative) developed at the Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia) has been previously shown as a potential probe for determination of the immune state of patients with different pathologies .The fist study (using probe ABM) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) membranes of 97 Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia was conducted in 1997. Now we repeatedly examine the same (n = 54) individuals in dynamics. ABM spectral parameters in PBMC suspension, fluorescence anisotropy and blood plasma albumin characteristics were recorded. In 1997 screening showed 5 different patterns of fluorescence spectra, from which in 2007 we obtained only two. These patterns of spectra had never been previously seen in healthy individuals or patients with tuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc., examined by us. Patterns of ABM fluorescence spectra are associated with membrane anisotropy and conformational changes of blood plasma albumin. We observed that in dynamics 1997–2007 the lipid compartment of the membrane became more fluid while the lipid-protein interface became more rigid. The use of probe ANS and albumin auto-fluorescence allowed show conformational alterations in Chernobyl clean-up workers blood plasma. It is necessary to note that all investigated parameters significantly differ in observed groups of patients. These findings reinforce our understanding that that the cell membrane is a significant biological target of radiation. The role of the membrane in the expression and course of cell damage after radiation exposure must be considered. So ten years dynamic of PBMC membrane characteristics by ABM (spectral shift and anisotropy indexes) in Chernobyl clean-up workers reveal progressive trend toward certain resemblance with those of chronic B-cell lymphoid leukemia.     

Criteria to average out the chemical shift anisotropy in solid-state NMR when irradiated with BABA I,BABA II,and C7 radiofrequency pulse sequences

Floquet–Magnus expansion is used to study the effect of chemical shift anisotropy in solid-state NMR of rotating solids. The chemical shift interaction is irradiated with two types of radiofrequency pulse sequences: BABA and C7. The criteria for the chemical shift anisotropy to be averaged out in each rotor period are obtained.