惰性多孔介质内过滤燃烧特性分析

以惰性堆积床内甲烷/空气低速过滤燃烧为例,因次分析系统特征尺度,基于修正的单温度模型,提出一种封闭的耦合解析方法,对燃烧过程进行理论分析.研究了燃烧波波速、火焰传播速率、最高燃烧温度等燃烧特性参数,将计算结果与实验结果以及前人的理论结果进行对比.     

多孔介质中液体喷雾燃烧的实验研究

本文通过自行研制的多孔介质燃烧实验系统,研究了液体燃料在热多孔介质中的燃烧可行性及其燃烧特性.燃烧系统包括燃烧室、供气系统、供油系统和测量系统等,该系统分别以气体和液体作为燃料,先通过多孔介质内的预混合燃烧对多孔介质固相进行预热,然后喷入液体燃料,实现燃烧,实验证实了液体燃料在热多孔介质内汽化及自维持燃烧的可行性,并讨论了空气量和喷油量等对燃烧室温度的影响.     

双层多孔介质内预混燃烧的实验和二维数值模拟

对双层多孔介质燃烧器内丙烷/空气预混燃烧进行实验和数值研究.实验对多孔介质燃烧器内固体温度场分布进行测量分析;数值计算利用商业软件FLUENT6.2,通过添加用户自定义标量方程和用户自定义函数,对有壁面散热的双层多孔介质内预混燃烧进行了二维模拟,并与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,双层多孔介质燃烧器具有良好的稳定燃烧范围和较低的污染物排放;壁面散热对多孔介质燃烧的影响不可忽视.     

基于多孔介质燃烧的小型推进器实验研究

多孔介质具有良好的蓄热、传热性能,多孔介质燃烧可以有效地降低系统的热损失,提高尺度燃烧的稳定性.本文在一个内径2 am、长2 cm的圆柱形腔体里组织多孔介质燃烧,测量了点火和稳定燃烧的当量比范围,腔体和出口温度等参数;将燃烧室与小喷管结构相结合,获得了稳定的微推力.     

泡沫陶瓷内火焰分布的ECT可视化研究

本文运用电容层析成像(ECT)方法,以非侵入的方式,对多孔介质燃烧中的火焰分布进行可视化测量.针对高孔隙率泡沫陶瓷(8PPI)的孔隙结构特点,提出了一种"十字架形"几何结构模型,用丁泡沫型多孔介质内甲烷-空气预混燃烧的二维数值模拟.ECT成像结果与数值模拟结果吻合,显示了两个不同学科信息的融合性和互验性.     

堆积床内甲烷/空气预混燃烧的理论分析

在多孔介质内组织预混燃烧,燃气与多孔介质有强烈的换热作用,燃烧过程伴随着化学反应和热输运的强烈耦合。本文以惰性氧化铝球堆积床内的甲烷/空气预混燃烧为例,提出解析模型,对燃烧过程进行理论分析,给出温度分布的解析解,发现了超绝热火焰温度燃烧现象。     

应用于热光伏系统中的多孔介质燃烧器

为提供热光伏系统均匀的高温辐射源,利用SiC多孔介质作为燃烧媒介,组织丙烷燃烧,并结合回热、预热等手段以提高燃烧温度.结果发现,燃烧功率为4.3 kW时,多孔介质表面温度最高可达1000℃以上.低当量比燃烧可使表面温度梯度更低,当量比0.5时为1.07℃/mm.回热显著提高了多孔介质表面温度.     

渐变型多孔介质中燃气燃烧特性试验研究

试验研究预混燃气在渐变型多孔介质(GVPM)中的燃烧特性,包括在渐变型多孔介质中的温度场、火焰移动、CO和NOx生成、燃烧稳定性及多孔介质孔径结构对燃烧特性的影响规律。研究结果与几种均匀型多孔介质(HPM)中的燃烧特性进行比较,发现渐变型多孔介质中的燃烧有如下优点:均匀的温度分布、较低污染物排放、高燃烧速率、高稳定性、宽燃烧极限和较大的负荷调节范围。     

考虑弥散效应的多孔介质中超绝热燃烧的数值模拟

研究多孔介质内往复流动下的超绝热燃烧。一维模型包括气体输运、多孔介质固体的辐射、导热和气固两相间的对流换热。通过数值计算研究超绝热燃烧的形成、以及弥散效应、当量比和多孔介质材料本身对超绝热燃烧特性的影响。计算结果的有效性通过实验进行了验证并取得了相同的趋势。结果表明,组分弥散效应对气体温度分布和反应热影响很小;同一工况下,不考虑气体混合物的热弥散效应,会导致过高的气体温度计算值。同时,计算结果表明小孔径的多孔介质更有利于贫可燃极限的扩展,对30 ppi的多孔介质燃烧器,得到了当量比为0．092的可燃极限。     

双层多孔介质内甲烷富燃制氢过程的研究

采用一维双温度体积平均模型和详细的甲烷化学反应机理GRI 3.0,对双层泡沫陶瓷多孔介质内甲烷富燃燃烧过程进行数值模拟,研究在双层多孔介质交界面附近稳定燃烧时的火焰稳定传播范围、火焰温度和组分分布及氢气的产量和能量转换效率.结果表明,双层多孔介质燃烧器能有效拓宽甲烷在空气中的富燃极限;在当量比大于1.6时,燃烧产物中氢气含量较多,氢气产生分为甲烷部分氧化和水煤气反应两个阶段;当量比在1.6～1,8之间时,能量转换效率较大,最大值约为46%.     

二极管激光燃烧诊断与燃烧过程控制

燃烧过程的实时准确诊断及其性能控制,意义重大。本文首先简述了二极管激光吸收光谱术(DLAS)用于燃烧多 组分多参数测量和控制的原理和方法。然后,通过应用实例,阐述了将该法用于燃烧过程的自适应实时控制的方法和实施 效果。结果表明, DLAS技术为燃烧的基础研究及实施燃烧监控提供了一种适应性强、速度快、准确性高的有效手段。     

利用火焰发射光谱来研究汽油机的燃烧过程

本文用一套精密的光电转换系统，采集了一台汽油机燃烧过程中火焰辐射在可见光到近紫外波段内的光谱，探测到了燃烧中间产物ＣＨ、ＣＮ、Ｃ２、Ｈ２Ｏ等的特征光谱，并分析了这些产物在燃烧过程中的变化规律，以及随过量空气系数，缸内压力的变化．实验结果表明，汽油机三个不同的燃烧阶段具有不同的燃烧光谱特征：着火过程中，存在着大量的处于激发态的分子、原子、离子、自由基等活化中心的束缚态光谱，随着燃烧发展，ＣＨ、Ｃ２自由基的光谱强度明显加强；当减小过量空气系数时，光谱强度变弱并且着火延迟期增长；自由基特征光谱的光强变化曲线可以反映它们在燃烧过程中的浓度变化．所以火焰发射光谱是实时检测燃烧中间产物，特别是ＣＨ、Ｃ２等有害排放物变化规律的有效手段，可以为分析、模拟燃烧过程，控制排放提供有用的实验数据．     

Transported PDF simulation of turbulent CH4/H2 flames under MILD conditions with particle-level sensitivity analysis

Transported probability density function (TPDF) simulation with sensitivity analysis has been conducted for turbulent non-premixed CH₄/H₂ flames of the jet-into-hot-coflow (JHC) burner, which is a typical model to emulate moderate or intense low oxygen dilution combustion (MILD). Specifically, two cases with different levels of oxygen in the coflow stream, namely HM1 and HM3, are simulated to reveal the differences between MILD and hot-temperature combustion. The TPDF simulation well predicts the temperature and species distributions including those of OH, CO and NO for both cases with a 25-species mechanism. The reduced reaction activity in HM1 as reflected in the peak OH concentration is well correlated to the reduced oxygen in the coflow stream. The particle-level local sensitivities with respect to mixing and chemical reaction further show dramatic differences in the flame characteristics. HM1 is less sensitive to mixing and reaction parameters than HM3 due to the suppressed combustion process. Specifically, for HM1 the sensitivities to mixing and chemical reactions have comparable magnitude, indicating that the combustion progress is controlled by both mixing and reaction in MILD combustion. For HM3, there is however a change in the combustion mode: during the flame initialization, the combustion progress is more sensitive to chemical reactions, indicating that finite-rate chemistry is the controlling process during the autoignition process for flame stabilization; at further downstream where the flame has established, the combustion progress is controlled by mixing, which is characteristic of nonpremixed flames. An examination of the particles with the largest sensitivities reveals the difference in the controlling mixtures for flame stabilization, namely, the stoichiometric mixtures are important for HM1, whereas, fuel-lean mixtures are controlling for HM3. The study demonstrates the potential of TPDF simulations with sensitivity analysis to investigate the effects of finite-rate chemistry on the flame characteristics and emissions, and reveal the controlling physio-chemical processes in MILD combustion.     

Effect of thermo-hydrodynamic instability on structure and characteristics of filtration combustion wave of solid fuel

Numerical modelling of flame front stability for the inverse wave (with trailing combustion front) of filtration combustion of solid fuel is performed. The problem is treated in terms of dimensionless variables and parameters. It is found that propagation of a plane combustion front becomes unstable under certain conditions. In this case the front spontaneously inclines. The thermo-hydrodynamic mechanism is supposed to be responsible for instability developing. Anisotropic effective mass diffusivity (dispersion) is also taken into account. It turns out that anisotropic diffusivity affects structure and conversion distribution of the inclined combustion front. It is shown that the key parameters determining stability of combustion wave are dimensionless gas flow rate and width of reactor. The range of these parameters corresponding to the stable plane front is determined. It is shown that stability occurs either for small reactor widths (dimensionless values <1), or low gas flow rate (below 0.2). The optimised values of considered dimensionless parameters for maximal productivity are determined.     

基于二阶矩燃烧模型的液雾燃烧大涡模拟

采用亚网格动能(k方程)应力模型、二阶矩(SOM)燃烧模型和欧拉拉氏两相流模型,对乙醇-空气液雾燃烧进行了大涡模拟(LES)。瞬态结果显示:在火焰的高温区域,旋涡强度较大;在高温区边缘附近存在的拟序结构有脱落的趋势。在燃烧装置的燃料进口附近,近喷嘴中心区域,大量液滴聚集在条状湍流拟序结构的周围。LES模拟的统计结果给出的温度分布与实验结果吻合较好。说明SOM燃烧模型适用于液雾两相湍流燃烧研究,计算结果经过和实验数据对比发现,LES-SOM燃烧模型优于RANS-PDF及LES-FA计算结果。数值计算结果与实验结果的误差主要是由于采用统观一步反应机理引起的,表明燃烧模型还有待进一步改进。     

Scaling study of the combustion performance of gasben gas rocket injectors

To obtain the key subelements that may influence the scaling of gas-gas injector combustor performance, the combustion performance subelements in a liquid propellant rocket engine combustor are initially analysed based on the results of a previous study on the scaling of a gas-gas combustion flowfield. Analysis indicates that inner wall friction loss and heat-flux loss are two key issues in gaining the scaling criterion of the combustion performance. The similarity conditions of the inner wall friction loss and heat-flux loss in a gas-gas combustion chamber are obtained by theoretical analyses. Then the theoretical scaling criterion was obtained for the combustion performance, but it proved to be impractical. The criterion conditions, the wall friction and the heat flux are further analysed in detail to obtain the specific engineering scaling criterion of the combustion performance. The results indicate that when the inner flowfields in the combustors are similar, the combustor wall shear stress will have similar distributions qualitatively and will be directly proportional to p_c^0.8 d_t^-0.2 quantitatively. In addition, the combustion peformance will remain unchanged. Furthermore, multi-element injector chambers with different geometric sizes and at different pressures are numerically simulated and the wall shear stress and combustion efficiencies are solved and compared with each other. A multi-element injector chamber is designed and hot-fire tested at several chamber pressures and the combustion performances are measured in a total of nine hot-fire tests. The numerical and experimental results verified the similarities among combustor wall shear stress and combustion performances at different chamber pressures and geometries, with the criterion applied.     

Mathematical model of oil shale particle combustion

At first this paper simply introduces the ignition mechanism and combustion characteristics of Huadian oil shale. Combustion behaviour was found to be homogeneous at the beginning of combustion, shifting to heterogeneous combustion in the high-temperature stage; combustible matter was noted to be volatile in the low-temperature stage, but in the high-temperature stage combustible matter included fixed carbon and residual volatile. On the basis of the combustion characteristics of Huadian oil shale, homogeneous and heterogeneous combustion processes of Huadian oil shale are modelled. In the mathematical models, conductive, convective and radiative heat transfer between particles and the surrounding atmosphere, pyrolytic heat and also the heat value of the volatiles are all included in the energy equations; inference of volatile release to particle density is also considered in the models. Thermogravimetric experimental data are used to validate the described models.     

某支板式超音速剪切流燃烧的数值研究

针对某支板火焰稳定结构数值研究了二维超音速流动和燃烧规律,提出不同燃料供给方案,比较了采用全氢气、全甲烷和不同比例的混合燃气等情况下的燃烧性能.结果表明:单一燃料时,氢气超燃性能很好,但会出现热量雍塞,而甲烷无法燃烧,两种混合燃料方案均在燃烧室内出现了稳定的火焰,但氧气消耗率不理想,基于上述结论给出了一些提高超燃性能的改进措施.