高炉送风系统力学行为的数字散斑相关法实验研究

研究高炉送风系统在燃烧、送风、切换状态时热风炉壳的力学性能。首次在热风炉炉壳测试中采用了高精度的数字散斑相关技术,利用自然光对热风炉壳进行了非接触式测量,得到了由于温度引起的轴向和环向的变形、应变及热应力等力学参量,光测结果与电测结果吻合较好。表明数字散斑相关测量技术应用于测量恶劣环境下力学参量有效,方法实用,较好地解决了热风炉壳的力学测试工作。     

数字散斑相关方法及其在碳纤维复合材料压力容器变形测量中的应用

提出了一种新的基于图像灰度梯度迭代的数字散斑相关方法(DSCM,digital speckle correlation method)。通过使用DSCM测量碳纤维复合材料压力容器在水压下的局部区域的位移场和应变场,分析了复合材料压力容器的轴向和环向的变形特征,为碳纤维复合材料压力容器的优化设计提供了理论和实验依据。     

基于卷积神经网络的散斑图像位移场测量方法

提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的数字散斑图像位移场测量方法.采用给定多种变形模式的精确位移场系列数字散斑图像构建数据集,提出了一种数字散斑图像位移场识别CNN模型.模拟散斑图像的验证实验表明,所提方法对随机变形、轴向均匀变形、剪切变形等模式具有良好的计算效率和测试精度.硅胶单轴拉伸验证实验表明,所提方法也可以精确测试真实实验散斑图像位移场并具有较高的计算效率.所提深度CNN能够高效、精确地测试数字散斑图像位移场,在材料变形测试中具有良好的应用前景.     

PBX材料宏细观断裂行为的数字散斑相关法实验研究

 采用半圆盘弯曲实验和数字散斑相关方法,对高聚物粘结炸药（PBX）的宏、细观断裂行为进行了实验研究。宏观上,带有预制裂纹的半圆盘试样发生拉伸破坏,利用数字散斑相关技术得到了试样的应变场和位移矢量场分布,定量分析了试样全场的变形特征,并测得了PBX材料的平面应变断裂韧性;细观上,用配有加载装置的扫描电子显微镜对含预制裂纹的半圆盘试样间接拉伸下的损伤演化和破坏过程进行了实时原位观察,借助于数字散斑相关方法,定量分析了试样损伤局部化特征。结果表明,将数字散斑相关方法用于研究PBX材料宏、细观尺度上的变形破坏问题是有效的。     

数字散斑技术在混凝土单轴压缩试验中的应用

数字散斑技术作为一种新兴的测量方法,它具有非接触、全场量测、精度高、操作简单等特点,随着计算机技术的迅猛发展,数字散斑技术得到了广泛的应用与研究。针对混凝土在外荷载作用下具有明显的非均匀变化的特征,借助传统的测量方法很难得到混凝土表面的全场变形结果的问题,结合数字散斑相关方法测量技术,开展了混凝土单轴压缩试验,拍摄了混凝土表面在单轴压缩过程中的位移与应变矢量场,为分析混凝土试件的损伤区域奠定了基础;与电测法测量结果进行了对比,其测量结果表明,这两种测量方法误差相对较小,且数字散斑技术能更早的发现混凝土表面的破坏,验证了数字散斑相关方法的准确性和可靠性。借助数字散斑技术可以更加方便准确的得到材料表面的变形场,这也将在一定程度上促进土木工程领域的发展,具有广阔的应用前景。     

实时激光散斑照相术

激光散斑照相术(或称单光束主观激光散斑干涉计量)是一种测量位移和应力的常见技术。通常采用的方式是两次曝光法,从而可使位移前和位移后的散斑场迭加。对所得到的散斑图进行逐点的或全场的滤波处理,依照扬氏条纹(由逐点滤波而产生的)或等值条纹(由全场滤波而产生的)我们便可获得散斑图中的位移信息。然而,两次曝光的需求却妨碍该技术直接用于实时问题,诸如碰撞和断裂的问题。鉴于此种情     

电子散斑归一化互相关法测位移

把粗糙物体表面受到相干光照明时产生的散斑场看作是一个稳态随机信号,在此基础上,本文提出了一种能做到大量程,高精度位移测量的新方法——电子散斑归一化互相关法测位移或称电子散斑照相法测位移.该法实质上是借助数字图像处理技术,通过物体位移前后二个散斑场之间的相关性来进行位移测量方法的发展.文中给出了理论分析和实验系统.实验结果表明,该法有诸如准实时,大量程(毫米级),高精度和线性可靠等优点.     

基于数字散斑相关法的岩石材料力学性能的测试

岩石在外力作用下会发生形变,发现和了解岩石材料的形变、应力分布等对避免灾害会起到重要的预警作用。采用高精度的数字散斑相关技术,对岩石材料形变、应力和应变进行了非接触式测量。为验证实验结果的有效性,电阻应变计贴附于采集区附近并且实验结果与电测结果吻合较好。表明数字散斑相关测量技术能够用于岩石等材料的形变检测,预报变形信息,结果可以定量和定性显示。     

基于CT的数字体散斑法测量物体内部三维变形场

提出了用于测量物体内部三维变形场的数字体散斑(DVSP)法。利用计算机断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)、激光扫描共焦显微镜(LSCM)或光学相干断层成像术(OCT)获取具有散斑特征的物体变形前后的三维立体图像,将其分别分割成若干具有相同尺寸的子块体,对相对应的子块体进行第一步三维快速傅里叶变换,在频谱域进行数值干涉得到合成谱,对合成谱进行第二步三维快速傅里叶变换,得到含位移信息的扩展脉冲函数,通过求取峰值位置得到子块体的位移矢量,对所有变形前后相对应的子块体逐一进行上述两步三维快速傅里叶变换,就可以求出所有子块体的位移矢量,从而获得物体内部三维变形场。利用模拟生成的三维散斑体图像,通过数字实验,分析了散斑尺寸、数目、子块体尺寸、图像对比度和亮度对DVSP法精度与准确性的影响。利用DVSP法测量了红砂岩单轴压缩内部的三维应变场,由位移场及应变场分布可直观地揭示试件内部变形特征。     

基于CT的数字体散斑法测量物体内部三维变形场EI北大核心CSCD

提出了用于测量物体内部三维变形场的数字体散斑(DVSP)法。利用计算机断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)、激光扫描共焦显微镜(LSCM)或光学相干断层成像术(OCT)获取具有散斑特征的物体变形前后的三维立体图像,将其分别分割成若干具有相同尺寸的子块体,对相对应的子块体进行第一步三维快速傅里叶变换,在频谱域进行数值干涉得到合成谱,对合成谱进行第二步三维快速傅里叶变换,得到含位移信息的扩展脉冲函数,通过求取峰值位置得到子块体的位移矢量,对所有变形前后相对应的子块体逐一进行上述两步三维快速傅里叶变换,就可以求出所有子块体的位移矢量,从而获得物体内部三维变形场。利用模拟生成的三维散斑体图像,通过数字实验,分析了散斑尺寸、数目、子块体尺寸、图像对比度和亮度对DVSP法精度与准确性的影响。利用DVSP法测量了红砂岩单轴压缩内部的三维应变场,由位移场及应变场分布可直观地揭示试件内部变形特征。     

数字散斑相关方法及应用进展

数字散斑相关方法（DSCM）是一种可以测量变形和应变的光学非接触测量方法,其通过对变形前后物体表面的图像进行灰度信息相关计算来获取被测物的力学性能。本文叙述了数字散斑相关方法近年来在国内外的发展动态和应用现状,详细论述了基于自适应遗传算法、智能神经网络方法、小波变换法的一系列新型相关搜索方法。文章指出,近年来,数字散斑相关技术已发展到相对成熟,目前的研究重点是提高测试精度和图像处理速度,而提高散斑图像质量和研究高效的算法是需要努力的方向。     

基于数字图像相关技术的风电叶片静态特性试验研究

进行了风电叶片双轴静载试验,全程采用数字图像相关技术监测其全场三维变形。结果表明,在各工况荷载作用下,风电叶片的三维位移分布具有良好规律,而应变分布则无明显规律。3个方向位移中,平面外位移远大于平面内位移。双轴荷载作用下,风电叶片挥舞方向位移与摆振方向位移均随加载等级增大而增大。在风电叶片全场范围内,挥舞方向位移沿叶片展向逐渐增大,直至叶尖达到最大值。叶片各点的摆振方向位移均为负位移,负位移最大值出现在叶片中部。在叶根至41%叶长(55 cm)区域内,叶片各工况下的展向位移几乎接近于0;而在41%叶长至叶尖区域,当荷载较小时,叶片迎风面纤维的受拉伸长量大于平面外弯曲的展向位移分量而产生正位移;随着荷载增大,叶片平面外弯曲变形的展向位移分量大于迎风面纤维的受拉伸长量而产生负位移。     

INTERACTION OF A SPHERICAL SHOCK WAVE AND A SUBMERGED FLUID-FILLED CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL SHELL

The complete three-dimensional interaction between a spherical shock wave and a submerged fluid-filled elastic circular cylindrical shell is considered. A hybrid analytical-numerical solving procedure is established. An exact analytical solution in the form of double Fourier series with time-depending coefficients is obtained for the hydrodynamic pressure. Displacements of a shell are approached analytically to reduce the problem to a set of systems of ordinary differential equations, which are treated numerically. Detailed analysis of the interaction is performed with emphasis given to the stress-strain state. A few important features of the interaction process have been found. In particular, it has been shown that the interior fluid not only substantially affects the magnitude of displacements and stresses, but also dramatically changes the nature of the interaction. It has been found that the absolute maximum of stresses can neither be caused by a direct action of a shock wave nor by a constructive superpose of elastic waves in the shell, but by the pressure wave propagating in the interior fluid. This fact seems to be of essential importance for engineering applications, especially when safety is a primary design concern. Another important result is that the maximum stresses are attained at large times, which makes use of early time asymptotics leading to incorrect results. The proposed semi-analytical approach seems to be computationally attractive and suitable for extensive numerical simulations.     

预测搜索算法在图像相关中的应用

数字散斑相关方法在亚像素测量过程中运算量大,在对实时性要求较高的系统中该方法的应用受到了限制。提出了一种原理简单、搜索速度快、精度高的预测搜索算法,介绍了预测搜索算法的原理,并给出预测位移的公式。通过实验验证了对算法的精度、效率和鲁棒性,说明对数字散斑相关方法进行优化后,既不损失亚像素位移的计算精度又提高了图像处理的效率。     

The measurement of residual stresses by sandwich holographic interferometry

Sandwich holographic interferometry was first proposed by Prof. N. Abramson in 1974. There are many advantages in using this method. One of its most important virtues is that it can compensate for rigid body displacements between the two exposures and is very convenient in practical operation. The authors have already made a detailed theoretical analysis of in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. This paper describes experimental measurements of the residual stresses in welds, by studying the curvature or the second-order derivative of the fringes of in-plane or out-of-plane displacements, using sandwich holographic interferometry. The stresses are obtained quantitatively, and are verified by an experiment involving measurements of the stresses of a flat plate.     

Analysis of axisymmetric shell structures under axisymmetric loading by the flexibility method

A method is developed for the static stress and deformation analysis of axisymmetric shells under axisymmetric loading by reduction of the shell to ring sections. In particular, the wall thickness of the shell may vary and the method is applicable to the analysis of shells with irregular meridional geometry. Explicit expressions for the influence coefficients for each ring element are derived. In the development of these expressions, exact evaluation of stresses in the circumferential direction of the ring is used. The distribution of stresses in the meridional direction of the ring element is assumed to be linear with each element. By using the derived influence coefficients, the unknown forces at the junctures of the ring elements are found by the standard flexibility method of indeterminate structural analysis. Subsequently, the displacements and internal stresses are determined. Example solutions for a flat circular plate under transverse loading and for a cylindrical shell under a boundary edge loading show excellent agreement with solutions found by solving the governing differential equations.     

具有光滑接触面的层状弹性系统内的位移和应力

本文将作者最近的一个工作推广到了层界面存在光滑接触的情形,对光滑接触与固接的组合(即不同个数的光滑接触面)情形给予了详细的讨论,获得了在一般表载作用下的多层弹性半空间介质内任意点处的位移及应力分量的解析表达式。所得结果包括了以前学者在某些假定下的研究工作。     

Used digital speckle correlation method to realize orientation function of optical mouse

Used digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) to realize orientation function of optical mouse is researched. The experiment is designed to obtain the dynamic speckle patterns which are shot by CCD, then the DSCM is used to process the sequential images and also the experiment is simulated. The experimental results show the DSCM can confirm orientation function of the optical mouse, and have a good agreement with the simulation results, and the resolution we obtained is higher than the resolution of mouse on the market.     

Free vibration study of layered cylindrical shells by collocation with splines

The free vibration of circular cylindrical thin shells, made up of uniform layers of isotropic or specially orthotropic materials, is studied using point collocation method and employing spline function approximations. The equations of motion for the shell are derived by extending Love's first approximation theory. Assuming the solution in a separable form a system of coupled differential equations, in the longitudinal, circumferential and transverse displacement functions, is obtained. These functions are approximated by Bickley-type splines of suitable orders. The process of point collocation with suitable boundary conditions results in a generalized eigenvalue problem from which the values of a frequency parameter and the corresponding mode shapes of vibration, for specified values of the other parameters, are obtained. Two types of boundary conditions and four types of layers are considered. The effect of neglecting the coupling between the flexural and extensional displacements is analysed. The influences of the relative layer thickness, a length parameter and a total thickness parameter on the frequencies are studied. Both axisymmetric and asymmetric vibrations are investigated. The effect of the circumferential node number on the vibrational behaviour of the shell is also analysed.