利用三粒子W态隐形传送三粒子GHZ态

提出一个三粒子GHZ(Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger)态从发送者传送给两个接收者中任意一个的量子隐形传送方案。此方案用两个三粒子W态作为量子信道。若发送者进行两次贝尔态测量和阿达码门操作,想得到所需传送的三粒子GHZ态的接收者引进一个辅助粒子,进行控制-非操作,同时根据另一个接收者的测量结果实施一个适当的幺正变换操作,可以一定的概率成功地隐形传送三粒子GHZ态。同时,此方案可推广至隐形传送n粒子GHZ态,这时也只需用两个三粒子W态作为量子信道,但这时想得到所需传送的n粒子GHZ态的接收者需引进(n-2)个辅助粒子,进行(n-2)次控制非操作,同时根据另一个接收者的测量结果实施一个适当的幺正变换操作,可以一定的概率成功地隐形传送n粒子GHZ态。     

利用一个三粒子W态隐形传送N粒子GHZ态

杨洪钦等提出一个用两个三粒子W态作为量子信道将N粒子GHZ态从发送者传送给两个接收者中任意一个的量子隐形传送方案. 给出其理论分析,并提出了一个仅用一个三粒子W态作为量子信道将N粒子GHZ态传送给两个接收者之一的量子隐形传送的方案. 关键词： 隐形传态 GHZ态 W态量子信道     

利用部分纠缠的特殊二粒子W态和部分纠缠的二粒子态传送二粒子纠缠态

提出了利用部分纠缠的特殊二粒子W态和部分纠缠的二粒子态组成量子信道,隐形传送一个二粒子纠缠态的方案。发送者进行两次Bell基测量,接受者先在{|0〉,|1〉}基下进行一次测量,然后实施一次控制—非操作,最后引进一个辅助粒子并进行一组适当的幺正变换操作,便可以一定的概率实现二粒子纠缠态的隐形传送。分析表明:当量子信道处于最大纠缠,即信道由一个特殊二粒子W态和一个Bell态组成时,本方案的传输概率达到2/3,传输效果介于完全由W态组成量子信道与完全由Bell态组成量子信道的方案之间。     

利用三粒子部分纠缠GHZ 态和二粒子纠缠态概率隐形传送任意二粒子态

我们提出了利用三粒子非最大纠缠GHZ态和二粒子非最大纠缠态从一个发送者概率隐形传送任意未知二粒子态至两个接收者中的一个的方案。发送者进行两次Bell-state 测量，接收者以另一个可能的接收者进行的Hadamard操作和投影测量的结果为条件引入两个适当的幺正变换就可以概率隐形传送任意未知二粒子态。     

基于五粒子团簇态实现经济和简单的二粒子任意态的可控隐形传态

通过对五粒子团簇态新应用的研究,提出了一个经济和简单的二粒子任意态的可控隐形传态方案.在这个方案中,发送者（Alice）、控制者（Charlie）和接收者（Bob）共享一个五粒子团簇态,发送者只需要执行Bell基测量,而控制者也仅需要执行单粒子投影测量.接受者根据发送者和控制者的测量结果,对自己拥有的粒子做适当的幺正变换,就可以重建发送者的二粒子任意态.这个可控隐形传态方案是决定性的,成功的概率为100%.与使用相同的量子信道进行二粒子任意态的可控隐形传送方案相比,不需要执行多粒子的联合测量,从而使得这个方案更加简单.     

基于五粒子团簇态实现经济和简单的二粒子任意态的可控隐形传态(英文)

通过对五粒子团簇态新应用的研究,提出了一个经济和简单的二粒子任意态的可控隐形传态方案.在这个方案中,发送者(Alice)、控制者(Charlie)和接收者(Bob)共享一个五粒子团簇态,发送者只需要执行Bell基测量,而控制者也仅需要执行单粒子投影测量.接受者根据发送者和控制者的测量结果,对自己拥有的粒子做适当的幺正变换,就可以重建发送者的二粒子任意态.这个可控隐形传态方案是决定性的,成功的概率为100%.与使用相同的量子信道进行二粒子任意态的可控隐形传送方案相比,不需要执行多粒子的联合测量,从而使得这个方案更加简单.     

三粒子W型态的几率隐形传送

提出一个三粒子W型态的量子隐形传送方案.此方案用一个二粒子缠结态和一个三粒子缠结态(两者均为非最大缠结态)作为量子信道,若接收者进行合适的幺正变换操作,可实现三粒子W型态的几率隐形传送.     

利用广义Bell态信道联合远程制备一个任意三量子比特态

研究了一个联合远程制备任意三量子比特态的方案。该方案利用广义的Bell态作为量子信道,两个发送者分别选择合适的测量基进行测量,然后利用经典信道把测量结果传送出去,接收者根据测量结果对自己手中的粒子采取适当的幺正操作,然后引入辅助粒子并进行选择性测量,就能概率性的得到想要制备的量子态。研究结果表明:利用不同形式的广义Bell态信道成功实现联合远程制备一个任意三量子比特态的概率是一样的,当量子信道处于最大纠缠态时,可以得到最大的成功概率。     

利用两个EPR态完全隐形传输四粒子W态

为了减少量子隐形传态中的测量次数和运算量,提出了一个利用两个EPR对作为量子信道,实现四粒子W纠缠态的隐形传输的方案.发送者Alice只需利用16个正交完备测量基对要传送的未知四粒子纠缠W态和两个EPR对中属于自己的粒子做一次正交完备基测量,然后将测量所产生的16种塌陷态结果通过经典信道告知接收者,接收者Bob根据这些信息,通过引入两个辅助粒子B3B4,并对手中拥有的粒子做适当的Toffoli门、C-Not门、Pauli-X门、Pauli-Z门变换,就能将16种畸变态全部恢复到发送者Alice欲传送的未知四粒子原始量子态,从而以100%的概率实现四粒子纠缠W态的隐形传输.利用量子力学波函数的叠加原理和变换算符的思想,很容易得出正交完备基测量后的16种塌陷态表达式和接收者Bob所做的由量子门组成的幺正变换的表达式.该方案中由于采用了正交完备基测量的方法,大大减少了发送者所需要做的测量计算,而且整个方案只需要一次正交完备基测量和由各种量子逻辑门组成的简单幺正变换,实现更为容易.     

利用cluster态隐形传送任意三原子W态

提出一个隐形传送任意三原子纠缠W态的方案,在此方案中,选用由四个全同的二能级原子组成的cluster态作为量子信道.研究表明,接收者基于发送者的经典信息,借助于一个附加原子,实行联合幺正变换以及单原子幺正变换,可实现三原子W态的隐形传送.该方案不受外界热场和腔场耗散的影响,不需要贝尔态测量,成功实现传送的几率为1.     

三粒子任意态的量子隐形完全传送

提出一个利用六粒子非贝尔对量子通道对一个任意的三粒子量子态进行隐形传送的方案.发送者Alice对需传送的三粒子量子态与属于自己的纠缠对中的三粒子进行三次Bell基测量,并将测量结果通过经典通道告诉接受者,接受者Bob根据这些信息对自己拥有的粒子进行Toffoli变换,就可使这三粒子处于待发送的原始量子态,从而实现概率为1的量子态隐形传送.利用变换算符的思想,很容易得出塌陷态的表达式以及接受者Bob所做的幺正变换的表达式.     

一种三粒子一般态的远程控制传送方案

基于七粒子纠缠态信道,提出一种三粒子一般态的远程控制传送方案.发送者进行投影测量后,发布测量结果.在控制者的控制下,接受者根据发送者的测量结果对所在处的粒子进行适当的幺正操作从而重构原始态.此方案可用来实现控制量子通信.     

一种三粒子一般态的远程控制传送方案

基于七粒子纠缠态信道,提出一种三粒子一般态的远程控制传送方案.发送者进行投影测量后,发布测量结果.在控制者的控制下,接受者根据发送者的测量结果对所在处的粒子进行适当的幺正操作从而重构原始态.此方案可用来实现控制量子通信.     

Three-particle Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations

It has been argued by Mermin that agedanken decay of a three-particle system gives a more powerful demonstration of quantum nonlocality than Bell's analysis. It is shown that this claim is premature. Anad hoc model based on local realism is constructed in order to reproduce the quantum mechanical prediction of the three-particlegedanken decay.     

基于腔QED系统和绝热技术制备三粒子三维纠缠态

将三个原子分别囚禁于用光纤连接的三个光腔中,通过光学开关控制腔场间的相互作用,并利用绝热技术制备了三粒子三维纠缠态.在整个制备过程中,原子-光腔-光纤系统仅在暗态空间中演化,从而有效地抑制了原子的自发辐射、腔场的泄漏以及光纤损耗等消相干因素的影响.     

Teleportation of Multipartite State via W State

A scheme of teleporting a multi-particle state via W state is presented. The W class states serve as quantum channels. After the sender operates both Von Neumann measurements and Bell-state measurements and then inform the receiver her results, the receiver can reconstruct the original state by corresponding unitary transformation. The probability of successful teleportation is also obtained. Special example of four-particle state is discussed in detail.     

Three-particle integrals with Bessel functions

Analytical formulas for some useful three-particle integrals are derived. Many of these integrals include Bessel and/or trigonometric functions of one and two interparticle (relative) coordinates r ₃₂, r ₃₁, and r ₂₁. The formulas obtained in such an analysis allow us to consider three-particle integrals of more complicated functions of relative/perimetric coordinates. In many actual problems such three-particle integrals can be found in matrix elements of the Hamiltonian and other operators.     

Three-particle interactions in a quark-gluon plasma

We explore the influence of three-particle interactions, in either the initial or final state, on the collision rate in a high temperature plasma, and on the rate of quark and anti-quark pair (flavor) production. When the interactions are taken to be screened at the Debye wave numberq dT, three-particle interactions contribute significantly to the collision rate, but only marginally enhance flavor production over that from two-particle interactions. The magnitudes of the rates are, however, sensitive to the infra-red thresholds, which emphasizes the need for a reliable analysis of this issue. Our results also highlight the importance of treating many-particle processes adequately in the space-time evolution of quarks and gluons produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.We thank members of the Theoretical Physics Institute and the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Minnesota for their kind hospitality. Special thanks are due to J.I. Kapusta for stimulating discussions. The stay of P. L. at the University of Minnesota was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DOE/DE-FG02-87ER-40328; travel expenses were borne by the grant MM SR 01/35. Research support for M. P. by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DE-FG02-88ER-40388 is acknowledged. The paper was written in its final form at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, during the research program Strong Interactions at Finite Temperatures. The authors express gratitude for the warm hospitality extended there and acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY89-04035.     

Teleportation of Three-Particle W State

We present two schemes for teleporting a three-particle W state by using four-particle state. We consider that the quantum channel is a maximally entangled state (four-particle cluster state) or a non-maximally entangled state. In our schemes, it is necessary to introduce additional particle and construct unitary transformation for realize perfect or probabilistic teleportation of the three-particle W state. In order to transmit target state successfully, Alice firstly performs two controlled-NOT on the initial state. The success probabilities of our two schemes are 1 and 4α ², respectively. Compared with other schemes proposed before, our scheme has higher efficiency.     

Three-particle correlations in simple liquids

We use videomicroscopy to follow the phase-space trajectory of a two-dimensional colloidal model liquid and calculate three-point correlation functions from the measured particle configurations. Approaching the fluid-solid transition by increasing the strength of the pair-interaction potential, one observes the gradual formation of a crystal-like local order due to triplet correlations, while being still deep inside the fluid phase. Furthermore, we show that in a strongly interacting system the Born-Green equation can be satisfied only with the full triplet correlation function but not with three-body distribution functions obtained from superposing pair correlations (Kirkwood superposition approximation).