少周期激光脉冲与气体作用产生的离化电流和THz波辐射

本文通过理论和数值模拟,研究少周期激光脉冲电离气体原子产生的离化电流 以及相应的THz波辐射.研究表明,少周期激光脉冲离化气体后能产生较大的离化电流, 因而可以产生较强的THz辐射.不同的少周期激光脉冲相位导致电离出的 电子初始速度和电离起始时刻不同,从而产生的离化电流有所不同, 辐射的THz波随激光脉冲的相位成周期性变化.该理论得到一维PIC数值模拟的验证. 对于给定的激光脉冲相位,离化电流和THz辐射振幅并没有随入射激光振幅的增加而单调增加, 而是存在一些极值点.与均匀分布气体相比,当气体分布具有一定梯度时, 辐射表现相似的规律,但频谱会发生一定的变化.     

非对称波形激光驱动的氢原子高次谐波频移及控制

提出了一种利用非对称波形激光脉冲与原子相互作用在隧穿区发射高次谐波谱的大频移方案.通过数值求解偶极近似下的三维含时薛定谔方程,研究了该激光驱动氢原子发射的高次谐波特性.结果表明,利用上升沿与下降沿不同的非对称激光驱动氢原子所发射的高次谐波在截止位置附近发生了大的频率红移和蓝移,通过改变激光脉冲的上升沿或下降沿,能调控谐波的频移量.产生频移的原因是激光脉冲上升沿或下降沿对谐波贡献的不同所致,当下降沿发射谐波的贡献大于上升沿的贡献时,谐波发生红移,反之则发生蓝移.通过改变激光脉冲波形,在隧穿电离区能够调控截止位置附近原子发射的高次谐波频率,对于给定的某一阶谐波,调控的范围可从奇次阶到邻近偶次阶之间的任意频率处.     

利用43飞秒的强激光脉冲实现单个阿秒脉冲输出的新机理

研究了多个光周期的长脉冲(43 fs)激光与氖原子相互作用产生的高次谐波的辐射特性. 通过计算机数值模拟，发现当激光场的强度超过饱和光强时，原子将会在几个光周期内被迅速电离，使得原子的高次谐波谱在截止区呈现出平滑的多平台结构. 同时，在高频波段离子产生的高次谐波的影响将变得十分显著. 通过选取合适的子平台进行频率叠加，在消除了离子的高次谐波的影响后，可以获得单个的阿秒软X射线脉冲. 关键词： 高次谐波 阿秒脉冲     

激光方脉冲作用下强场自电离过程

本文研究了激光方脉冲作用下的强场自电离过程,从而推广了以往包含高阶离化的研究,讨论了基态布居和自电离共振线型在强场下受激光脉宽、光强的影响。结果表明,强场自电离过程及其中的高阶离化不仅与光强有关,而且还和原子与激光相互作用的时间紧密相关。     

脉冲激光烧蚀Ge产生等离子体特性的数值模拟

 针对激光烧蚀半导体材料Ge初期的特点，建立了1维的热传导和流体动力学模型。对波长为248 nm、脉宽为17 ns、峰值功率密度为4×10⁸ W/cm²的KrF脉冲激光在133.32 Pa氦气环境下烧蚀Ge产生等离子体的特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明：单个激光脉冲对靶的烧蚀深度达到55 nm，蒸气膨胀前端由于压缩背景气体产生压缩冲击波, 波前的速度最大，温度很高。从不同时刻的电离率分布图中得出，在靶面附近区域，Ge的1阶电离始终占优势；在中心区域，脉冲作用时间内，Ge的2阶电离率比1阶电离率大，脉冲结束后，Ge的2阶电离率下降，1阶电离率逐渐变大。     

基于光场离化电流机制产生强太赫兹辐射的参数优化研究

基于超短激光脉冲与气体作用通过光场离化电流产生太赫兹(THz)辐射的模型, 研究了用双色激光脉冲的方法产生强THz辐射的优化参数条件. 数值计算表明, 导致THz辐射产生的离化电流主要是由一阶电离过程产生的, 高阶离化对该电流产生的贡献很小. 通过调节基频光与倍频光的配比、相位差都能增大离化电流, 从而可以提高THz辐射振幅. 将激光波长拓展到中红外波段, 也有利于提高离化电流. 此外,改变作用气体的种类也能改变离化电流. 在激光和密度参数相等的情况下, 在氦气中可以产生高于氮气中2倍左右的离化电流.     

粒子模拟程序的发展及其在激光等离子体相互作用研究中的应用

介绍针对超短超强激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用研究的多维粒子模拟程序KLAP.在其一维程序KLAP1D中,考虑场电离、碰撞离化及两体碰撞效应后,程序可以用于研究短脉冲激光与中性物质的相互作用.在其三维程序KLAP3D中,为了研究加速能量达GeV的长距离激光尾波场加速问题,程序采用移动窗口技术,使得模拟尺度可以达到厘米量级.同时介绍了利用KLAP程序得到的有关THz辐射、激光与中性气体相互作用中的脉冲及离化波前演化、激光固体靶作用中表面电子加速及激光尾波场加速的研究实例.     

真实脉冲激光作用下的原子超阈值离化

在文献[18]的基础上进一步讨论真实脉冲激光作用下的原子超阈值离化,在考虑了初始离化时刻的影响后,结果清楚地表明,随激光脉宽减小而产生峰红移,以及同时出现的离化电子谱峰的增宽现象.     

高频激光脉冲作用下原子的光子和光电子发射

通过数值求解含时薛定谔方程, 研究了原子在高频激光作用下的电离概率、光电子谱和谐波发射谱. 研究发现, 随着入射激光强度的增加, 原子的电离概率逐渐增加, 达到最大后下降, 其光电子发射谱和高次谐波发射谱均由单峰结构变成多峰. 而通过对谐波发射谱的时间-频率分析发现, 在电离抑制区域, 脉冲的峰值附近谐波受到抑制, 谐波发射主要发生在上升沿和下降沿, 二者的干涉效应产生了谐波的多峰值结构. 利用光电子发射谱和谐波发射谱随入射激光强度的改变规律, 可以实现对引起原子电离抑制的激光强度进行诊断.     

激光线宽和光强对同位素原子选择光电离的影响

本文研究了非单色(有限带宽)激光场与同位素原子体系相互作用的激发光电离过程. 采用混沌场随机模型描述激光场,用密度矩阵理论和Fokker-Planck方程方法首次给出了非单色激光场与多能级原子相互作用的激发动力学方程. 针对三能级同位素原子体系,讨论了激光线宽和激光光强对同位素原子电离概率和激光同位素分离过程中分离选择性的影响. 关键词： 激光同位素分离 激发动力学方程 激光线宽 Rabi频率     

Self-defocusing/focusing of a relativistic laser pulse in a multiple-ionizing gas

A fast rising flattop high power laser pulse, with Gaussian intensity distribution along its wavefront, causes single and double ionizations of the gas through which it propagates. The foot of the pulse causes single ionization of the gas and creates a sharp radial density profile resulting in strong defocusing of the front part of the pulse. After a little while, single state ionization saturates, creating a flat density profile in the axial region and weakening the divergence of the pulse. As the intensity of the pulse rises further, second state ionization occurs, causing strong defocusing of the beam. Later in time when the second state ionization saturates, the relativistic mass nonlinearity together with the electron cavitation tends to focus the pulse.     

Ionization focusing of a short intense laser pulse and generation of wake plasma waves

The propagation of a short intense laser pulse is studied in a gas taking into account the ionization of gas atoms by the high-frequency electromagnetic field of the pulse. The conditions are found under which the ionization structures produced by the laser pulse cause the pulse focusing accompanied by a substantial increase in its intensity. It is shown that the leading edge of the pulse is subjected to ionization refraction at the ionization front, the temporal profile of the pulse becoming steeper. This results in the efficient generation of a wake wave at the ionization front, which is amplified during the development of self-modulation instability. The amplitude of the wake plasma wave achieves a substantial value already at small paths of the pulse in matter (smaller than the diffraction length of the pulse).     

Modulation of ionization on laser frequency in ultra-short pulse intense laser--gas-target

Based on the dispersion relation of intense laser pulse propagating in gradually ionized plasma, this paper discusses the frequency modulation induced by ionization of an ultra-short intense laser pulse interacting with a gas target. The relationship between the frequency modulation and the ionization rate, the plasmas frequency variation, and the polarization of atoms (ions) is analysed. The numerical results indicate that, at high frequency, the polarization of atoms (ions) plays a more important role than plasma frequency variation in modulating the laser frequency, and the laser frequency variation is different at different positions of the laser pulse.     

Imaging a tunneling ionization front by using a schlieren method

A schlieren method was used to generate time-resolved images of the tunneling ionization front produced when an ultrashort high-power laser pulse irradiates He gas. By superimposing sequential schlieren images, we obtained information about the laser propagation and found that the ionization front propagated farther with decreasing density of the target gas. Ray-tracing suggested that this density dependence is a result of the spatial distribution of the laser intensity. Received: 20 May 1999 / Revised version: 19 August 1999 / Published online: 27 January 2000     

Resonant multiphoton ionization of Li

We present calculations of three photon ionization of Li produced by 3-ps laser pulses within a single electron local model potential using the dressed state picture. The laser frequency ranges from 15 000 to 18 400 cm⁻¹. We have found that the measured ionization signal as a function of photon frequency results from ionization processes in a region where the laser intensity is not homogeneous. We assume a Gaussian shape for the light pulse in the interaction volume. Our results are shown to be in good agreement with experiment. We propose that free electrons are submitted to a ponderomotif potential to interpret experimental results. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Steady state ion acceleration by a circularly polarized laser pulse

The steady state ion acceleration at the front of a cold solid target by a circularly polarized flat-top laser pulse is studied with one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. A model that ions are reflected by a steady laser-driven piston is used by comparing with the electrostatic shock acceleration. A stable profile with a double-flat-top structure in phase space forms after ions enter the undisturbed region of the target with a constant velocity.     

强激光与高密度气体相互作用中电子和离子加速的数值模拟

在现有的一维粒子模拟程序的基础上发展了带光电离和碰撞电离及蒙特卡罗两体碰撞的模拟程序(1D PIC-MCC). 用此程序模拟研究了短脉冲激光与He气靶相互作用时电子和离子的加速过程. 研究表明当强激光与过临界密度的微米厚度的平面靶相互作用时，靶前表面物质将被激光脉冲前沿迅速离化；新生的电子被激光场有质动力加速成为高能电子，这些电子穿入到靶内，通过电子碰撞电离离化靶内物质；一部分高能电子穿透靶后，会在靶的后表面形成强的电荷分离场，该场迅速离化靶后表面物质，同时使得后表面离子得到加速. 部分穿透靶的超热电子将被电荷分离场重新拉回靶内，在靶的前后表面振荡. 一些振荡电子在此过程中得到电荷分离场加速，离开前表面，在前表面也形成电荷分离场，使前表面离子得到加速. 关键词： 激光等离子体 光电离和碰撞电离 电子加速 离子加速     

TDDFT study of excitation of water molecules with short laser pulses

We explore the excitation of water molecules subject to short and intense laser pulses in the frame of time-dependent density function theory (TDDFT) at the level of the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA), applied to valence electrons, coupled non-adiabatically to molecular dynamics (MD) of ions. We first study the optical absorption spectra of the water molecule as an observable in the "linear" domain and results are in good agreement with experiments. We then explore the influence of the laser frequency on the excitation. It is found that when the laser frequency is off-resonant or highly above the resonant region, the excitations are weak whereas for the resonant frequency case, the ionization is enhanced and bond lengths are enlarged. Furthermore, a direct coupling of ions with the laser pulse with the off-resonant frequency is found when investigating the OH bond lengths. We finally study the effect of laser intensity on the excitation of H 2 O and it is found that ionization increases when the laser intensity varies from low to high and we observe stable vibrations to Coulomb fragmentation when the ionization is up to typically two more charge units.