损耗对表面等离子体激元压缩态的影响

表面等离子体激元是金属表面电子集体振荡,它以波的形式在金属和介质之间的界面中传播.近期Huck等证明等离子体激元可以处在压缩态,本文利用量子光学的热库理论,研究金波导损耗对表面等离子体激元压缩态的影响,并对Huck等的实验结果给与理论解释. 关键词： 表面等离子体激元 压缩态 热库理论     

二维材料WTe_2薄膜中的天然双曲等离激元

正当光照射在金属表面时,在动量和能量匹配的条件下,电磁波会与材料中自由电子相互作用形成在金属—介质表面传播的电子集体振荡模式,即表面等离子体极化激元(以下简称等离激元)~([1])。等离激元的两个特征尺寸:沿表面的传播波长和垂直于表面的隐式波延伸长度,都远小于真空中光的波长。这使得这种集体振荡模式具有极强的光场限制效应和极大的局域电磁场态密度,可以极大的增强光与物质的相互作用~([2])。因     

金属纳米结构增强荧光的研究进展

金属表面等离子体(surface plasmon)是金属与介质界面处传播的电荷振荡密度波。当振荡频率与激发光频率相匹配时将产生金属表面等离子体共振,从而能够在金属结构附近产生强烈的消光和近场增强效应, 该效应在表面等离子共振成像、表面等离子体波导、生物传感、光谱增强等方面有着重要的应用前景。本文综述了金属结构的表面等离子共振效应在增强荧光光谱方面的研究进展。论文首先介绍了金属表面等离子体增强荧光的机理以及影响荧光增强效果的因素;其次,从用于荧光增强的各类金属纳米结构的角度分别综述了荧光增强研究的最新进展;最后,介绍了荧光增强在食品检测、环境监测、光学成像、光电器件、荧光上转换等领域的最新应用情况。     

镀银空芯光纤表面等离子体共振传感器的研究

提出了一种新型的基于镀银空芯光纤结构的表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器。建立了光学模型对传感器内的光传播进行分析,在理论上推导出了传输光谱公式。制作了不同银膜厚度的空芯光纤SPR传感器,搭建了实验系统对内芯充入不同折射率的液体介质的传感器传输光谱进行了测量,获得了相应的SPR光谱。通过理论计算和实验测量对传感器的灵敏度特性和测量准确性进行了分析讨论。结果表明该传感器是一种灵敏度较高的、能实时检测待测高折射率液体介质的SPR传感器,它在一定范围内能够很好地弥补传统光纤表面等离子体共振传感器的不足,并且开拓了空芯光纤的一个新的应用领域。     

电子温度对霍尔推进器等离子体鞘层特性的影响

采用二维粒子模拟方法研究了霍尔推进器通道中电子温度对等离子体鞘层特性的影响, 讨论了不同电子温度下电子数密度、鞘层电势、电场及二次电子发射系数的变化规律. 结果表明: 当电子温度较低时, 鞘层中电子数密度沿径向方向呈指数下降, 在近壁处达到最小值, 鞘层电势降和电场径向分量变化均较大, 壁面电势维持一稳定值不变, 鞘层稳定性好; 当电子温度较高时, 鞘层区内与鞘层边界处电子数密度基本相等, 而在近壁面窄区域内迅速增加, 壁面处达到最大值, 鞘层电势变化缓慢, 电势降和电场径向分量变化均较小, 壁面电势近似维持等幅振荡, 鞘层稳定性降低; 电子温度对电场轴向分量影响较小; 随电子温度的增大, 壁面二次电子发射系数先增大后减少. 关键词： 霍尔推进器 等离子体鞘层 电子温度 粒子模拟     

介质表面附近微波大气击穿的理论研究

将麦克斯韦方程组和简化等离子体方程耦合求解, 对介质表面附近大气击穿形成等离子体的过程进行了理论研究. 分别使用一维、二维模型对等离子体的形成过程及等离子体对电磁波的反射、吸收过程进行了模拟研究. 一维计算结果发现在n_e = 0, j = 0两种边界条件下, 虽然形成的等离子体密度分布相差较大, 但二者得到的微波反射、吸收、透射波形彼此相差不大. 初始电子数密度厚度为20 mm的条件下, 得到界面附近的等离子体密度大于5 mm厚度的情况. 二维计算结果发现, 由于TE10模在波导中心位置处的微波电场最强, 电子碰撞电离首先在中心位置处形成等离子体, 当等离子体密度达到一定值(临界密度附近)时, 波导中心介质表面处微波场强减小, 等离子体区域沿着介质表面向两侧移动. TE10模在波导边缘处微波电场强度小于击穿阈值, 因此等离子体区域不可能移动到波导边缘附近.     

填充等离子体的介质契伦柯夫脉塞

 利用自洽线性场理论，普遍讨论了电子在扰动场作用下的三维扰动，进而分别对薄环形相对论电子注和实心相对论电子注在填充等离子体的介质筒慢波波导中激励的契伦柯夫辐射进行了详细的分析，导出了其色散方程和波增长率。分析表明注波互作用是由于慢波系统中的波导模与电子注模耦合所致，填充等离子体后能大大提高注波互作用效率，并详细计算和分析了等离子体密度和电子注半径对波增长率的影响。     

发射光谱法测量常压介质阻挡放电氩等离子体的放电参数

介绍发射光谱法测量常压介质阻挡氩等离子体的放电参数的方法,通过常压介质阻挡放电氩等离子体的光谱图,测量和计算了等离子体的电子温度和电子浓度.     

基于SPR光谱分析的液体折射率测量研究

文章从电磁场理论和射线理论的角度,详细讨论了光纤表面等离子体波传感器工作原理,分析了表面等离子体共振(SPR)光谱共振波长与液体介质折射率之间的对应关系。采用相关光谱检测技术,获得八种不同类型分析醇所对应的SPR光谱曲线族,其共振波长随液体折射率的增大而逐渐向长波长方向偏移。通过对乙醇与乙二醇混合液体所对应的共振光谱分析,实现对两者配比浓度的测定。整个传感系统结构简单,测量光路部分实现全光纤化,不仅能够对目标测量介质的实时、快速、精确测量,还可用于特殊测量场合,实现远程遥测功能。     

脉冲光纤激光修锐青铜金刚石砂轮等离子体特性研究

采用光栅光谱仪 对脉冲光纤激光修锐青铜金刚石砂轮过程中产生的等离子体空间分辨发射光谱进行了测量. 研究了500–600 nm波段范围内的等离子体空间发射光谱强度随激光平均功率和脉冲重复频率的变化情况. 结果表明: 等离子体辐射光谱强度在其径向膨胀方向上距离砂轮表面约2.4 mm处达到最大值. 在局部热力学平衡假设条件下, 根据等离子体中六条铜原子谱线的相对强度, 利用Boltzmann 图法, 计算得到在不同激光功率和重复频 率条件下的等离子体电子温度沿砂轮径向方向的分布规律. 实验结果表明: 在激光修锐青铜金刚石砂轮过程中, 距离砂轮表面约3 mm处等离子体电子温度出现峰值, 其温度最高可达4380 K, 且等离子体电子温度随着激光参数和 空间位置的改变呈现出不同的演变规律. 关键词： 脉冲光纤激光 等离子体发射光谱 激光修锐 电子温度     

Second harmonic generation with surface plasmons in alkali metals

We calculate the reflected second harmonic light from alkali metal films with the simultaneous excitation of the surface plasmon mode. The harmonic generation from a sodium film at the ruby laser frequency increases by over two orders of magnitude at the angle for surface plasmon excitation. The harmonic enhancement is closely related to the surface plasmon density and exhibits a strong dependence on the angle of incidence, film thickness, and the linear optical constants of the metal film.     

Charge‐Induced Shifts in Chiral Surface Plasmon Modes in Gold Nanorod Assemblies

A detailed investigation of the effect of electron injection on the chiral plasmon modes of helical nanorod assemblies is presented. An increased surface plasmon frequency of the electron gas due to the addition of electrons leads to a blue‐shift in the corresponding chiral surface plasmon modes. The mechanism behind the shift in plasmonic chirality due to nanorod charging is investigated using theoretical simulations. Charging of the nanorods alters the surface electron density, thereby modifying the plasma frequency and causing a change in the dielectric function. The nature of the plasmon shift and the intensity of chiral surface plasmons are found to be largely dependent on the extent of electron addition. At extended periods of time, the blue shifted band slowly shifts back toward the red, due to transfer of electrons back to the medium, leading to discharging of the nanorods.     

Experimental study on vibration frequency response of micro-bend optic-fiber sensor

We make an experimental study on vibration frequency response of micro-bend optic-fiber sensor, and single-mode fibers and multi-mode fibers are used as the sensitive optic-fibers. Contrast between the two sensitive fibers is presented. Result shows that the micro-bend optic-fiber sensor has good frequency response characteristics and strong ability to restore the waveform. With the frequency varying in the range of 500 - 4762 Hz, the vibration sensors using multi-mode optic-fiber as the sensitive fiber is more sensitive than that using single-mode optic-fiber. And the former has better frequency response characteristics and stronger capacity of waveform revivification. But with the frequency in the range of 287 - 500 Hz, the latter is better.     

纳米Ag颗粒复合薄膜的制备及其吸收特性

利用磁控溅射分层制备Ag和SiO₂薄膜,通过快速热处理,使Ag颗粒富集在复合薄膜的表面.研究了Ag膜层厚度、退火时间、退火温度和退火方式对Ag颗粒形貌的影响,以及Ag颗粒致密度对其共振吸收的影响.结果表明:通过控制每层Ag膜的厚度,可有效控制Ag颗粒形貌.当每层金属为2 nm、退火温度为500 ℃时,形成的颗粒粒径大小均匀且致密度较高.通过间断退火可有效降低Ag颗粒的粒径.发现Ag颗粒表面等离子共振吸收并没有随颗粒粒径的减小而明显降低,甚至提高.这和以往的报道不同.通过深入研究金属颗粒表面等离子体产生机理,发现其表面等离子共振吸收增强的原因是致密度较高的颗粒表面能级与费米能级差值较大,Ag颗粒内部的电子向颗粒表面迁移越多,形成新的费米能级E'_F的电子数就越多,表面等离子共振吸收就越强.最终得出了金属颗粒共振吸收不单纯依赖于金属粒径、和颗粒的致密度也有很大关系的结论.     

极性晶体中表面极化子的温度效应

有不少的极性晶体,电子与体纵光学声子的耦合弱,但与表面光学声予的耦合强.本文讨论电子和体纵光学声子耦合弱,与表面光学声子耦合强时对表面极化子的温度特性的影响,用线性组合算符法研究表面极化子的振动频率、诱生势和有效质量的温度依赖性.对AgBr晶体进行了数值计算,结果表明极化子的振动频率,诱生势和有效质量随温度的升高而减小.     

Photon momentum in a surface plasmon

It is shown that the photon momentum in a surface plasmon is ? k, where k is the plasmon wave vector. In a significantly delayed plasmon on a thin metal film or filament, the photon momentum is several hundred times larger than the momentum of a photon of the same frequency in a plane wave in free space. The plasmon-plasmon and free-space plane wave-plasmon scattering by a free electron is considered. It is shown that, in contrast to the plane wave-plane wave scattering, the electron acquires a significant momentum, while the scattered plasmon frequency significantly changes. The former process is similar to the Compton effect: scattering of X-ray and γ quanta (having a significant momentum) by an electron. In the latter process, the system composed on an incident photon and an electron at rest, which has a small total momentum, generates a photon and an electron, each having a large momentum. A device for detecting electrons from plasmons excited in nearby metal nanofilms and nanowires can be developed on the basis of this principle.     

表面等离子共振谱半波全宽的算法探讨

根据金属薄膜复介电常量的性质和衬底对表面等离子波波矢的微扰,对在波长调制下的表面等离子共振传感器输出光谱的半波全宽计算方法进行了探讨。建立了输出光谱的半波全宽与传感器各参量之间关系的数学表达式。将理论研究与实验结果进行对比后发现,两者吻合较好。文中的研究结果可为优化传感器的特性提供理论依据。     

An electrohydrodynamics model for non-equilibrium electron and phonon transport in metal films after ultra-short pulse laser heating

The electrons and phonons in metal films after ultra-short pulse laser heating are in highly non-equilibrium states not only between the electrons and the phonons but also within the electrons. An electrohydrodynamics model consisting of the balance equations of electron density, energy density of electrons, and energy density of phonons is derived from the coupled non-equilibrium electron and phonon Boltzmann transport equations to study the nonlinear thermal transport by considering the electron density fluctuation and the transient electric current in metal films, after ultra-short pulse laser heating. The temperature evolution is calculated by the coupled electron and phonon Boltzmann transport equations, the electrohydrodynamics model derived in this work, and the two-temperature model. Different laser pulse durations, film thicknesses, and laser fluences are considered. We find that the two-temperature model overestimates the electron temperature at the front surface of the film and underestimates the damage threshold when the nonlinear thermal transport of electrons is important. The electrohydrodynamics model proposed in this work could be a more accurate prediction tool to study the non-equilibrium electron and phonon transport process than the two-temperature model and it is much easier to be solved than the Boltzmann transport equations.     

Light focusing in linear arranged symmetric nanoparticle trimer on metal film system

Benefiting from the induced image charge on film surface,the nanoparticle aggregating on metal exhibits interesting optical properties.In this work,a linear metal nanoparticle trimer on metal film system has been investigated to explore the novel optical phenomenon.Both the electric field and surface charge distributions demonstrate the light is focused on film greatly by the nanoparticles at two sides,which could be strongly modulated by the wavelength of incident light.And the influence of nanoparticle in middle on this light focusing ability has also been studied here,which is explained by the plasmon hybridization theory.Our finding about light focusing in nanoparticle aggregating on metal film not only enlarges the novel phenomenon of surface plasmon but also has great application prospect in the field of surface-enhanced spectra,surface catalysis,solar cells,water splitting,etc.     

Excitation of surface plasma waves over metallic surfaces by lasersand electron beams

A laser incident on a metal film (deposited on a glass substrate) from the glass side at a specific angle of incidence, excites a surface plasma wave (SPW) at the metal-free space interface. The ratio of the SPW field to the laser field increases with the laser spot size b attaining a value much greater than one at b>exp(2wα/c) where a is the film thickness and ω is the laser frequency. The SPW (ω, k_z,) can also he excited by a relativistic electron beam, propagating parallel to the interface in the free space region, via Cerenkov interaction when beam energy ϵb=(|ϵ|-1)mc² where ϵ is the effective metal permittivity, and mc² is the electron rest mass energy. When the surface has a ripple of wave number k₀, the SPW (ω, k_zz) can be excited at lower beam energy via sideband coupling, ω=(k_zz +k₀)v_b where v_bzˆ is the beam velocity. In both cases, however, the positioning of the beam in the close proximity of the interface is required. The scheme is useful for the generation of wavelengths longer than 1 μm