大气压直流氩等离子体光谱诊断研究

通过光谱诊断系统测量了大气压直流氩等离子体射流在弧室内和弧室出口的发射光谱,利用波尔兹曼曲线斜率法计算了射流的电子温度,根据Ar Ⅰ谱线的斯塔克展宽得到射流的电子密度,并对氩等离子体射流满足局域热力学平衡(LTE)状态的判定标准进行了分析,结果表明在文章的实验条件下大气压直流氩等离子体射流达到局域热力学平衡。     

基于N+2(B2∑+u→X2∑+g)的电弧等离子体振动温度和转动温度测量

通过光谱诊断系统测量大气压直流氩氮等离子体射流的发射光谱,在光谱紫外波段观察到氮的第一负带系N 2(B2∑ u→X2∑ g),利用N 2(B2∑ u→X2∑ g)跃迁的△v=0谱带系v'=0→v"＝0和v'＝1→v"＝1谱带,对实验测得的谱带和模拟计算得到的谱带进行点对点对比,得到了等离子体射流的振动温度和转动温度,并就仪器展宽、振动温度和转动温度对谱带结构和形状的影响进行了分析.结果表明在文章所述的实验条件下,等离子体的电子温度、振动温度、转动温度和化学动力学温度基本相等,大气压直流氩氮等离子体射流达到局域热力学平衡.     

大气压直流滑动弧等离子体工作特性研究

对大气压直流滑动弧等离子体的电参数和发射光谱进行了测量,比较研究了不同气体种类下滑动弧等离子体电压的特性.以氮气滑动弧为例,分析了其在一个周期内电弧电压、电流、电阻和功率的变化特性.通过对电弧电压信号进行快速傅里叶变换频谱分析,研究了气体种类、气体流量和外部电阻值对滑动弧等离子体脉动特性的影响.结果表明随着气流量或外部电阻值的增加,其主要脉动频率变高,电弧周期变小.利用光谱法检测了氮气、氧气和空气滑动弧等离子体的主要自由基种类,并研究了外部电阻值对发射光谱强度的影响和沿电极中轴线在337.1 nm(N关键词： 滑动弧等离子体 非平衡等离子体 脉动特性 发射光谱     

常压射流等离子体发射光谱研究

使用改进介质阻挡放电装置生成常压射流等离子体,采用光纤光栅光谱仪在300～1 000 nm范围记录了不同放电电压的氩气发射光谱,并比较了空气和氩气常压介质阻挡放电等离子体发射光谱,分析发现氩气发射光谱中的谱线都是氩原子的发射谱线,表明常压射流装置产生的等离子体全部为氩等离子体,而无其他空气成分参与放电。为测量电子激发温度,选用相距较近的763.51和772.42 nm两条光谱线对电子温度进行分析,结果表明电子激发温度的范围在0.1～0.3 eV,而且它还随着放电电压的增加而增加。初步使用“红外测温仪”测量被处理材料表面温度,结果发现材料表面的温度也随着放电电压的增加而增加,范围在50～100 ℃,材料表面温度的变化趋势可以近似表征等离子体宏观温度变化趋势。通过分析常压射流等离子体的温度特性,探讨了常压射流等离子体温度对材料改性研究的意义。     

氩等离子体射流冲击平板壁面处电子温度的测量

本文对空气环境中氩等离子体射流冲击平板条件下冷壁附近的电子温度，采用静电探针方法进行了测量．研究了等离子体温度、速度以及平板至发生器出口距离等参数的影响．实验结果表明，在冷壁面附近，电子温度总是明显高于相应的重粒子温度，从而证明在等离子体射流冲击平板条件下冷壁附近的边界层显著偏离局域热力学平衡（ＬＴＥ）状态．实验结果还表明，探针污染是影响测量结果可靠性的一个重要因素．     

直流氩等离子体射流电子温度的测量

直流等离子体射流的电子激发温度,是等离子体射流物理特性中的一个非常重要的参数,并且影响着射流中其他众多特征参数。文章采用发射光谱诊断技术对直流氩等离子体射流进行实验研究,对实验所测得的射流的光谱强度信号进行分析,并采用玻尔兹曼曲线斜率法计算等离子体射流的激发温度。实验结果表明,等离子体射流的激发温度在等离子体发生器的轴向上的分布,随着离出口的距离增大,激发温度显著地下降。并且激发温度受电流和流量的影响较大,提高电源的输出电流,或者增加氩气的流量,激发温度都会升高。     

双温度氩-氮等离子体热力学和输运性质计算

获得覆盖较宽温度和压力范围内的等离子体热力学和输运性质是开展等离子体传热和流动过程数值模拟的必要条件.本文通过联立Saha方程、道尔顿分压定律以及电荷准中性条件求解等离子体组分;采用理想气体动力学理论计算等离子体热力学性质;基于Chapman-Enskog方法求解等离子体输运性质.利用上述方法计算了压力为0.1, 1.0和10.0 atm (1 atm=101325 Pa),电子温度在300—30000 K范围内,非局域热力学平衡(电子温度不等于重粒子温度)条件下氩-氮等离子体的热力学和输运性质.结果表明压力和非平衡度会影响等离子体中各化学反应过程,从而对氩-氮等离子体的热力学及输运性质有较大的影响.在局域热力学平衡条件下,计算获得的氩-氮等离子体输运性质和文献报道的数据符合良好.     

氩电弧等离子体射流中温度分布的测定及局域热力学平衡状态的验证

只有当等离子体中存在局域热力学平衡状态时才有确切的温度定义。本文在局域热力学平衡的假定下,根据原子谱线辐射亮度与温度之间的关系,测定了氩等离子体射流中的温度分布。由ArI 4300,6965,7384,7504,7515,7635等谱线测得的温度分布符合得很好,从而在一定程度上验证了局域热力学平衡状态的存在。实验所用的等离子体发生器与工业应用的等离子体喷涂枪类似。本文使用的技术对测定喷涂枪的等离子体射流的温度分布具有实用价值。     

脉冲金属氢化物真空弧放电等离子体发射光谱特性

利用发射光谱方法对真空弧离子源放电等离子体特性进行了诊断。同时,基于局域热力学平衡等离子体的发射光谱理论,建立了等离子体的发射光谱拟合模型,对真空弧放电等离子体光谱进行了分析。针对TiH真空弧离子源,分别对330~340nm与498~503nm范围内Ti+离子与Ti原子的发射光谱进行了对比拟合,获得了较好的符合度,解决了传统Boltzmann斜率法计算等离子体温度需要孤立的不受附近谱线干扰的线状光谱的困难。最后,利用该方法计算了真空弧离子源在不同放电条件下的等离子体发射光谱、等离子体密度与温度参数。结果表明,TiH真空弧放电等离子体温度在1eV左右,同时,放电所产生的氢原子要远远大于金属原子,并且随着真空弧离子源馈入功率的增加,TiH电极中解吸附出来的氢比蒸发出来的金属增加得更多,这有利于TiH离子源在中子发生器方面的应用。     

发射光谱研究大气压等离子体射流的气体温度

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体喷枪装置,在大气压下流动氩气中产生了射流等离子体。利用光电倍增管,对射流等离子体进行了时空分辨测量,分析了等离子体喷枪内介质阻挡放电和外部等离子体羽的放电特性。利用高分辨率光谱仪采集等离子体羽处的发射光谱,通过对发射光谱中OH(A2Σ+→X2Π,307.7～308.9nm)及N2+的第一负系(B2Σ+u→X2Π+g,390～391.6nm)谱线拟合得到了射流等离子体的转动温度,拟合得到的转动温度分别为443和450K。在5%的误差范围内,这2种方法得到的结果是一致的。由于在大气压下,转动温度近似等于产生气体放电的气体温度,所以可以确定大气压射流等离子体气体温度。利用该方法研究了不同电压下的气体温度,发现气体温度随着外加电压增加而增大。     

直流纯氩层流等离子体射流的长度变化

采用主要由阴极、阳极以及介于阴极和阳极之间的中间段组成的直流非转移式电弧等离子体发生器,在大气压条件下,比较系统地研究了纯氩层流等离子体射流的长度随着弧电流、气体流量以及发生器结构而变化的规律。结果表明:层流射流的长度随弧电流和工作气流量的增加而增长;层流向湍流流动转变的临界气流量值随弧电流增大而提高;在发生器的伏安特性呈大梯度变化的情况下,射流长度随弧电流的变化幅度增大。     

Comparative measurements on thermal plasma jet characteristics inatmospheric and low pressure plasma sprayings

The ion and electron temperatures and plasma flow velocities are measured and compared between atmospheric and low pressure plasma spraying systems. The measurements of ion temperature for two systems are carried out by an optical emission spectroscopy which uses the relative emissivities of isolated Ar I emission lines. The electron density and temperature are measured by a Langmuir probe rotating across the plasma jets. The ion saturation currents collected by a Mach probe at two orientations, perpendicular and parallel to the plasma jet, determine the flow velocity. The spatial distributions of electron density, plasma flow velocity, and the associated shock activity in thermal plasma jets are discussed in conjunction with their direct dependency upon the ambient pressures as well as the torch powers. Measurements on temperatures and velocity profiles of thermal plasma jets reveal the general features of the LPPS jet characteristics, i.e., higher velocity flow with lower temperature, longer heating zone of expanded flame, and more extended accelerating zone compared with those of the APS jets. The shock activity clearly exists in the form of standing shock waves in the plasma jet of LPPS in view of flow compression and abrupt velocity drop which are appeared in the results of measurements on the variations of electron density and flow velocity along the plasma jet. In the center of the plasma jet of APS, the electron density is high enough to reach the LTE criterion, and the difference between ion and electron temperatures becomes insignificant as the torch input power increases     

一种新型大气压毛细管介质阻挡放电冷等离子体射流技术

介绍一种结构设计简单、操作运行方便的新型毫米量级大气压冷等离子体射流发生技术.这种射流可以在大气压条件下，利用多种工作气体(如Ar,He,N₂)，通过毛细管介质阻挡放电(DBD)的方式实现.使用频率为33kHz，峰值电压为1—12kV的双向脉冲电源，利用Ar,He,N₂等工作气体，在毛细管内形成了稳定的冷等离子体射流.放电区域的光辐射空间分布利用商用CCD摄像机记录，从中研究放电形态和空间分布，观察到了在DBD区域的流动气体放电和在毛细管出口处形成的等离子体射流 关键词： 冷等离子体射流 毛细管介质阻挡放电 射流射程 射流激发温度     

Plasma generation for the plasma cutting process

This study is an attempt to estimate the overall properties, viz. the thermal power and force, of an intense plasma jet produced by a plasma cutting torch, and to relate the properties of the plasma to the diameter of the nozzle of the plasma torch and the flow rate of plasma-forming gas. For cutting metallic plates using a thermal plasma, a narrow plasma jet is produced by means of a transferred electric are between an electrode in a plasma torch and the material to be cut. The power density and pressure exerted by the plasma jet on the material at the region of cut needs to be high so that a straight cut, without dress at the bottom of the plate, can be obtained. A simple theory to describe the behavior of the arc in a plasma cutting torch has been developed to predict the are radius, pressure, and arc voltage at the nozzle exit as a function of are current for a range of nozzle sizes and air flow rates. The results obtained are in good agreement with the measured values for an air plasma cutting torch nominally rated for 100-A operation. The relationships between the mass flow rate of plasma gas, plasma power, and arc force have been discussed in the light of design of plasma torches for plasma cutting     

Electrothermal efficiency, temperature and thermal conductivity of plasma jet in a DC plasma spray torch

A study was made to evaluate the electrothermal efficiency of a DC arc plasma torch and temperature and thermal conductivity of plasma jet in the torch. The torch was operated at power levels from 4 to 20 kW in non-transferred arc mode. The effect of nitrogen in combination with argon as plasma gas on the above properties was investigated. Calculations were made from experimental data. The electrothermal efficiency increased significantly with increase in nitrogen content. The plasma jet temperature and thermal conductivity exhibited a decrease with increase in nitrogen content. The experiment was done at different total gas flow rates. The results are explained on the basis of dissociation energy of nitrogen molecules and plasma jet energy loss to the cathode, anode and the walls of the torch     

层流等离子体射流温度与速度测量

本文分别应用光谱诊断、水冷皮托管及小尺寸杆状热流探针,对自由射入空气中的纯氩层流等离子体射流中心最高温度、滞止压力以及最大热流密度进行了测量,由测量结果导出了层流射流的中心最大速度,得到了射流气体温度和速度的轴向分布及其随工作电流和气流量变化的一些规律,探讨了气体的温度和速度对其向探针表面换热系数的影响。     

大气压下石英毛细管内氩等离子体放电的发射光谱诊断

在长度为20 cm的石英毛细管内利用两个边缘锋利的中空的针型电极之间的氩气放电产生了高电子密度的大气压等离子体。利用发射光谱对所获得的等离子体的几个重要参数进行了诊断。利用计算机谱线拟合法合成了300 nm附近OH(A-X)的(0-0)转动谱带并通过与测量谱线的比较确定了等离子体的气体温度,根据H_β谱线Stark展宽法计算了等离子体的电子密度,采用玻尔兹曼曲线斜率法依据测得的有关氩的发射光谱估算了等离子体的电子温度。研究结果表明,这种石英毛细管内弧光放电等离子体的气体温度约为(1 100±50)K;电子密度数量级在1014 cm-3;电子温度约为(14 515±500)K。     

Non-LTE diagnostic of an argon arc plasma

The plasma of an argon arc has been investigated by applying the partial LTE model (overpopulation of the ground state) and accounting for different kinetic temperatures of electrons and atoms. The plasma analysis is performed without making use of atomic constants (e.g. transition probabilities) from the literature. The experimental results show that LTE is obtained in the 4mm arc at atmospheric pressure for electron densities above 6×10¹⁶cm^-3. Below this value, increasing under-population of the excited levels with decreasing arc current can be observed. This deviation from LTE may explain some not understood results from previously published spectroscopic observations of argon plasmas.     

Temperature's optical tomography diagnosis of arc plasma jet flowing into air

An argon arc jet plasma flowing into air is chosen as a practical example to study the multiple species jet plasma's optical computerized tomography (OCT) diagnosis. The refractive index models of the pure argon and the multiple species arc plasmas are supplied. On the basis of which, the temperature reconstruction model of the multiple species arc plasma is further derived. By theoretical calculation, the effect of mixed air on the refractive index is given. For the sake of better proving the effect of directly omitting the mixed air on flow field's temperature reconstruction from the refractive index, a simulated experiment is supplied. Finally, the condition, which can be adopted to estimate that whether the pure argon arc plasma refractive index model still can be used as the temperature reconstruction model of the argon arc plasma jet flowing into air, is proposed.