导出二次量子化表象的简单代数方法

本文采用纯粹的代数运算,导出了全同粒子系统的二次量子化表象,与传统的导出方法相比,我们的方法具有简单、初等和能够清楚地表述所涉及的物理量之涵义的优点。 关键词：     

用指标表示法推导电磁场的守恒律

本文利用指标表示法推导了电磁场的能量、动量和角动量守恒定律,其特点是：物理思想清晰,推导目的明确;物理量引入自然、意义明了;数学运算方便,难度相对较低.     

物理量单位中物理文化探索

介绍了基本物理量的发展史、物理量国际单位制（SI）在建立过程中体现的物理文化内涵以及在物理量单位中引人人文元素的发展与传播     

量纲分析及其物理中的应用

1　引言描述物理现象或过程本质的物理量主要有长度、质量、速度、时间、温度、电流等 .物理量是在量度物质属性和描述物质运动状态时所用的各种量值 ,具有将现象或物体的可以定性区别并能定量测量的属性 .物理量的量纲是用于表示一个物理量怎样由基本量 (包括这些量的幂次 )组合的式子 .是指该物理量单位的性质或种类 ,而不表示该量的大小 ,包括基本量纲和导出量纲两类 .基本量纲是代表基本物理概念的量纲 ,它不涉及其它量就能直接说明某物理量 ,导出量纲是由基本量纲组成 .是由基本量纲通过各种自然规律导出的 .任何一个物理量Q的量纲dim…     

与中学生谈力学量纲

 物理量分为基本量和导出量,每个导出量可以用基本量的某种组合表示.表示一个物理量由哪些基本量组成和怎样组成的式子叫做这个物理量的量纲式.由于所有的力学量都可以由长度、质量、时间这三个基本量（量纲式分别为[L]、[M]、[T]）组成,那么一个力学量的量纲式的一般形式就是:[Q]=L^αM^βT^γ.例如:速度的量纲式是[v]=LT^-1,力的量纲式是[F]=LMT^-2.万有引力恒量的量纲式是[G]=L³M^-1T^-2.     

高一物理教学中单位运算的指导

单位运算是解題基本技能中的一个重要內客,物理教学中必須注意这一技能的訓练和培养。高一物理习題比較复杂,所需用的公式較多,单位也較多,在教学中加強对单位运算的指导,也就成为高一物理教学中的一个重要問題。这里試就单位换算、单位选择和单位名称运算等几个方面提出一些个人的看法,希望同志們指正。     

医用硬性内窥镜畸变的评定基础和方法

建立医用硬性内窥镜畸变的评定基础和方法,用视轴对称的球面Z视场为模型来模拟体腔凹面特征,以建立内窥镜物像共轭的分析基础;运用光学原理并结合ISO9039:1994“光学和光学仪器光学系统质量评价———畸变的测定”的定义原则,并根据理论畸变的临床要求确定畸变定义;采用主光线追迹原理推导不同球面Z形状的畸变换算通式。创立了医用硬性内窥镜以单位相对畸变表述的定义和表达式,并导出变换视场面的畸变换算通用公式和测试方法。本文建立的畸变评定基础和方法适用于医用硬性内窥镜的标准应用。     

万有引力和库仑力的一个区别及其意义

万有引力和库仑力有很多相似之处,如都是中心力并且都是平方反比的等等,但也有一些区别,如万有引力顾名思义只有引力而库仑力不仅包含引力还包含斥力,不过这些涉及到宇宙中的某种对称性问题我们这里不去讨论,而只对它们之间的一种容易被人们忽视但却很有意义的区别进行一些分析. 大家知道,在不包含电磁量的物理系统中,有三个独立物理量的单位可作为基本单位而其它物理量的单位则可由它们导出,例如取质量、时间、长度的单位作为基本单位时,力的单位可由F=ma导出.因此由万有了力表达式①F..—一_知当质量、时间、长度(或其它三个独立物理量)…     

中心力场中散射角Х的简洁推导

本文从牛顿方程及角动量守恒定律出发,利用矢量函数的微积分运算技巧,简捷地推导出中心力场中散射角Х,避免了经典教科书中从轨道方程出发,推导出的繁琐性,不仅计算简洁,而且物理过程明确。     

中专物理(下册)期末考试测试样卷

一、填空题请将正确答案填入加有下线的空白位置．只要求写出结果,不写运算过程,写明物理量单位．１．氢原子的核外只有一个电子,氢原子的带电量为,氢原子核的带电量为．２．一个接地的空腔导体,可以隔离内外电场的影响,这就是的原理．３．在几个点电荷产生的电场中...     

Fractal Analysis of Power-Law Fluid in a Single Capillary

The fractai expressions for flow rate and hydraulic conductivity for power-law fluids in a single capillary are derived based on the fractai nature of tortuous capillaries. Every parameter in the proposed expressions has clear physical meaning. The flow rate and hydraulic conductivity for power-law fluids are found to be related to the tortuosity fractal dimension and the power-law index. The flow rate for power-law fluids increases with the increasing power-law index but decreases with the increasing tortuosity fractal dimension. Good agreement between the model predictions for flow in a fractai capillary and in a converging-diverging duct is obtained. The results suggest that the fractal capillary model can be used to model the power-law fluids with different rheologicai properties.     

Correct determination of net gain in Er-doped optical waveguide amplifier from pump-on/off measurement

Starting with evolution equation of signal optical power in an Er-doped channel waveguide, rigorous theoretical expressions used for correct determination of net gain from signal enhancement measured by using pump-on/off method are derived. These expressions allow to clarify the argument on relationships between net gain, internal gain and signal enhancement in some earlier literatures. Physical implications of net gain, internal gain and signal enhancement expressions are analyzed. Standardized definitions for the three physical quantities are proposed. The definition for net gain is proposed on the basis of practical application of an EDWA in optical fiber communication and the definitions for the latter two are suggested based on the physical implication analysis of their expressions.     

量纲分析在大学物理热力学部分中的教学应用

本文首先简单介绍了量纲分析中的齐次定理和∏定理,然后具体例举了量纲分析在大学物理热力学部分的教学应用.我们的求解过程是:分析例举可能相关的物理量;写出各个物理量的量纲表;分析量纲表,确定相关的物理量和独立量纲;设定无量纲量等式;列出量纲指数方程组并求解.     

基于二阶离散变分方法的非线性映射参数估计

提出一种估计非线性映射未知参数的二阶离散变分方法.首先针对非线性离散混沌系统, 利用变分方法导出了伴随方程和目标泛函梯度, 以此为基础利用二阶离散变分方法给出了二阶伴随方程和精确计算Hessian矩阵-向量乘积的显式表达式; 其次设计了估计非线性映射未知参数的新算法, 并以此对Hyperhenón映射和二维抛物映射中的未知参数进行了精确的估计. 数值仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性和优点. 关键词： 非线性映射 参数估计 二阶离散变分方法 伴随方程     

Debye limit of the stochastic rotation operator

A procedure is proposed for calculating in Debye approximation physical quantities related to steady state random thermal motion. The results are expressed in terms of the stochastic rotation operator. Explicit expressions are derived for this operator and its ensemble average in the case of a rotating molecule which is modelled as a sphere, linear rotator or asymmetric rotator. The relevance of these expressions for certain dielectric and nuclear magnetic relaxation processes is considered.     

On Synge's covariant conservation laws for general relativity

Following Synge, the covariant formulas for the total four-momentum and angular momentum of an isolated physical system in general relativity are derived. These formulas are first obtained in the weak-field approximation, for which they are shown to be expressible in surface integral form, to be unique, and to represent covariantly conserved quantities. The covariant expressions for the general case are then shown to be identical to those for the weak-field case. The uniquely determined and covariantly conserved quantities so obtained are found to agree with the corresponding canonical, noncovariant surface integral expressions.     

Generalized Hybrid Nanofluid Model with the Application of Fully Developed Mixed Convection Flow in a Vertical Microchannel *

The fully developed mixed convection hybrid nanofluid flow in a vertical microchannel is examined in detail. The simplified hybrid model that omits the nonlinear terms due to the interaction of different nanoparticle volumetric fractions is derived and compared with the existing one. The generalized model describing hybrid nanofluid suspended with multiple kinds of solid particles is suggested. The argument that the corresponding nanofluid solutions obtained by the homogenous model can be recovered from the results of the regular problems through simple arithmetic operations is checked. Solutions in similarity form for this flow problem are formulated by means of a set of similarity variables. The effects of various parameters on important physical quantities are analyzed and discussed.     

变质量非完整系统Tzénoff方程的Lie对称性与其导出的守恒量

航天器运行系统大都属于变质量力学系统,变质量力学系统的对称性和守恒量隐含着航天系统更深刻的物理规律.本文首先导出了变质量非完整力学系统的Tzénoff方程,然后研究了变质量非完整力学系统Tzénoff方程的Lie对称性及其所导出的守恒量,给出了这种守恒量的函数表达式和导出这种守恒量的判据方程.该研究结果对进一步探究变质量系统所遵循的守恒规律具有一定的理论价值.     

谐振子势阱囚禁玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

基于Thomas-Fermi半经典近似方法研究了谐振子势阱约束下任意维理想玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)．导出了玻色气体的BEC转变温度、基态粒子占据比例、内能和热容量等物理量的解析表达式,讨论了空间维度和谐振子势阱的影响．以二维和三维玻色系统为例,数值计算了上述热力学量,并与解析结果进行了对比,二者获得了较好的吻合．     

A simple and comprehensive electromagnetic theory uncovering complete picture of light transport in birefringent crystals

Birefringence production of light by natural birefringent crystal has long been studied and well understood. Here, we develop a simple and comprehensive rigorous electromagnetic theory that allows one to build up the complete picture about the optics of crystals in a friendly way. This theory not only yields the well-known refraction angle and index of ellipse for birefringence crystal, but also discloses many relevant physical and optical quantities that are rarely studied and less understood. We obtain the reflection and transmission coefficient for amplitude and intensity of light at the crystal surface under a given incident angle and show the electromagnetic field distribution within the crystal. We derive the wavefront and energy flux refraction angle of light and the corresponding phase and ray refractive index. We find big difference between them, where the phase refractive index satisfies the classical index of ellipse and Snell's law, while the ray refractive index does not. Moreover, we disclose the explicit expressions for the zero-reflection Brewster angle and the critical angle for total internal reflection. For better concept demonstration, we take a weak birefringent crystal of lithium niobate and a strong birefringent crystal tellurium as examples and perform simple theoretical calculations. In addition, we perform experimental measurement upon z-cut lithium niobate plate and find excellent agreement between theory and experiment in regard to the Brewster angle. Our theoretical and experimental results can help to construct a clear and complete picture about light transport characteristics in birefringent crystals, and may greatly facilitate people to find rigorous solution to many light-matter interaction processes happening within birefringent crystals, e.g., nonlinear optical interactions, with electromagnetic theory.