激光选区熔化医用钴铬钼合金的摩擦性能

采用激光选区熔化(SLM)技术成型CoCrMo合金标准样件,并将SLM成型的CoCrMo合金和铸造CoCrMo合金分别与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)样件配副进行摩擦磨损实验。实验结果表明,在干摩擦、生理盐水、人工唾液和小牛血清4种润滑条件下,SLM成型的CoCrMo合金摩擦系数均小于铸造CoCrMo合金。另外,不同润滑条件下,SLM成型的CoCrMo/UHMWPE和铸造CoCrMo/UHMWPE的磨损机理不同。     

316L不锈钢粉末光纤激光选区熔化特性

采用自行研制的光纤激光选区熔化快速成型设备,研究了选区激光熔化316L不锈钢粉末工艺参数、能量输入与样件致密度、表面形貌之间的关系以及微观组织特征。结果表明:扫描速度对成型效果影响最为显著;样件致密度随着激光能量密度提高有逐渐增大的趋势;能量密度作为选区激光熔化工艺的技术指标具有可操作性;表面形貌由激光功率与扫描速度比值所决定。深入探讨了能量输入、熔化凝固行为、激光功率与扫描速度比值与样件致密度、表面形貌的关系。结果表明:选区激光熔化凝固组织层内、层间熔合处为弧形,且为冶金结合,金相组织主要由柱状晶与等轴晶组成,层内靠近熔合线周围是柱状晶,而层间靠近熔合线附近主要是细小等轴晶,晶粒直径为1μm左右。     

增材/等材复合制备Sc/Zr改性Al-Mg合金工艺研究

为了实现高性能、低孔隙率Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金在航空航天主承力结构领域的广泛应用，采用激光熔化沉积-热轧复合工艺制备了Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金试样。基于金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度和室温拉伸实验等检测方法，探究了复合工艺与微观组织和力学性能之间的关系，确定了最优工艺参数；研究了热轧压下量对沉积态试样微观组织演变、微孔缺陷闭合行为及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：微孔缺陷随压下量的增加而逐渐减少，当压下量达到50%时，微孔缺陷完全闭合，试样的强度和硬度显著提高，熔合线区域合金元素的分布变得均匀。在优化的工艺参数条件下，复合工艺制备试样的抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率和硬度分别为412 MPa、243 MPa、22.8%和118.76 HV，较未轧制试样分别提高了22.6%、12.5%、54.1%和15.3%。     

全密度功能性复杂金属零件的激光直接快速制造

 针对具有复杂结构的全密度功能性金属零件快速制造难题,探讨了该类零件的选区激光熔化直接快速制造方法,并结合实验,重点对同步保证选区激光熔化快速制造金属零件成型密度及精度的工艺进行了研究。结果表明：同步消除球化、飞溅及气孔对成型件致密性及精度的影响是实现选区激光熔化快速制造全密度功能性复杂金属零件的难点及关键;在维持良好的抗氧化气氛条件下,可采用尽可能薄的铺粉厚度及恰当调节其它成型参数的方法,以保证对上一层有足够的重熔量来消除球化及气孔现象;同时,采用合适的扫描策略,可弱化飞溅对成型质量的影响来解决工艺难题。采用该工艺方案可快速制造全密度功能性复杂金属零件,所成型的316L不锈钢叶轮零件相对密度为99.8%,硬度为HB192,表面粗糙度约为40 μm,尺寸精度在±0.1 mm以内,稍经打磨后即可投入使用。     

激光熔覆FeCrNiMnMoxB0.5高熵合金涂层组织与耐蚀性能

为了获得性能优异的涂层材料,采用激光熔覆的方法在Q235钢基体上制备了不同Mo含量的FeCrNiMnMoB0.5系高熵合金涂层,着重探究Mo对高熵合金组织与性能的影响。通过金相、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、硬度计、电化学工作站分别研究了高熵合金涂层的显微组织、相结构、显微硬度及耐蚀性能。结果表明:FeCrNiMnMoB0.5系高熵合金组织为树枝晶,主要由fcc相和少量金属间化合物构成。当添加少量Mo时,涂层的硬度较低,为290 HV,随着Mo的增加,晶格畸变加剧,出现少量金属化合物,涂层硬度最大增加到658 HV。在模拟饱和盐水泥浆溶液中FeCrNiMnMo0.4B0.5表现出较好的耐腐蚀性。     

外场对激光熔化沉积Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金组织性能的影响

为了实现高强度、高致密Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金的成功制备，基于激光熔化沉积技术制备了不同工艺条件下的合金块体试样，采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪和室温拉伸等实验方法，研究了水冷条件及超声振动辅助对沉积试样微观组织、孔隙缺陷演变及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：外部冷却场辅助可以显著提高基板对沉积试样累积热量的传输效率，从而降低沉积试样的孔隙率、提高致密度；超声振动辅助凭借其特有的声流效应与声空化效应，促进了熔池中小气泡的聚集与上浮，孔隙数量明显减少、尺寸明显减小，晶界处共晶相发生细化；在优化的外场辅助条件下，获得了沉积试样的最优力学性能，其屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率、显微硬度分别为234 MPa、385 MPa、17.1%、125.84 HV（加载载荷为1.96 N）。     

5083铝合金光纤激光-TIG复合焊接工艺研究

采用IPG YLS-6000光纤激光器和Fronius MagicWave3000job数字化焊机,对4mm厚5083H116铝合金进行了复合焊接试验。研究了电源特性、电流大小和热源间距等工艺参数对光纤激光-钨极惰性气体保护焊(TIG)复合焊接焊缝成形的影响规律,并分析了焊接接头的缺陷、显微硬度及力学性能。结果表明,光纤激光-TIG复合焊接5083铝合金,能够明显改善焊缝成形,提高焊接过程稳定性,特别是与变极性TIG电弧复合效果更为显著;光纤激光与变极性TIG电弧复合焊接,采用激光在前的方式,电弧电流150A,且热源间距不大于4mm,可以得到具有明亮金属光泽和均匀鱼鳞纹的焊缝,焊缝无气孔和裂纹缺陷,其表面有少量的下凹;复合焊接接头抗拉强度为318MPa,达到母材强度的93%,延伸率为7.6%,高于单光纤激光焊接,断口分析为韧性断裂。     

增减材复合制造316L不锈钢的滑动磨损特性研究

研究了激光选区熔化(SLM)/铣削增减材复合制造工艺对316L不锈钢滑动磨损特性的影响规律。在增减材复合加工机床上分别采用单一增材方法和增减材方法制备316L不锈钢试样,在一台加工中心上制备传统铸造316L不锈钢试样。激光能量密度E设置为112.5～183.3 J·mm^-3,铣削每齿进给量设置为0.02～0.08 mm。首先测试分析了试样致密度、组织缺陷、显微组织、显微硬度及表面粗糙度。在与Si₃N₄陶瓷球配对的干式滑动试验后,对摩擦因数、磨损率、磨痕形貌及元素组成进行测试分析。结果表明,SLM成形材料的致密度和硬度在E=150.0 J·mm^-3时取得最高值。增减材试样的表面粗糙度明显低于增材试样,在每齿进给量相同时略高于铸造铣削样。SLM成形材料的摩擦因数范围为0.93～1.03,在最致密时取得最低值并略低于铸造材料。增减材表面在30 min内的总磨损率随每齿进给量的减小而降低,其数值为8.44×10^-8～12.17×10^-8 mm³     

铝合金表面激光沉积AlCrFeCoNiCu涂层的组织及耐蚀性能

为了提高铝合金表面的力学和耐腐蚀性能,利用激光沉积技术在铝合金表面制备了AlCrFeCoNiCu高熵合金涂层。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、显微硬度计和电化学工作站,研究了涂层的相结构、微观组织、元素分布、硬度及耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,涂层与基材结合良好,基材中Al元素在熔池搅拌作用下上浮,使沉积层呈FCC相和BCC相;显微组织为典型的枝晶结构,Cu元素在枝晶间富集;涂层平均显微硬度为528HV_(0.2),约是基材的5倍;AlCrFeCoNiCu涂层在3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特征为点蚀和晶间腐蚀,耐腐蚀性优于基材。激光沉积制备的AlCrFeCoNiCu高熵合金可以改善铝合金表面性能。     

3D打印激光制备多孔镍合金组织和力学性能研究

采用3D打印激光熔化技术制备了多孔镍基合金,并对其显微组织构成和压缩力学性能进行了分析。研究结果表明,采用3D打印激光熔化技术制备的多孔镍合金,孔隙率为14.68%~18.97%、抗压强度为461~535 MPa,其微观组织主要呈现γ-Ni枝晶,压缩断口为撕裂式枝晶断裂。     

Effect of electropulsing treatment on microstructure and tensile fracture behavior of aged Mg–9Al–1Zn alloy strip

The effect of electropulsing treatment (EPT) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tensile fracture behavior of aged Mg–9Al–1Zn alloy strip at room temperature was investigated. The results indicated that EPT accelerated the spheroidizing and dissolution of β phase tremendously in the aged Mg–9Al–1Zn alloy strip. The EPT-induced microstructural change resulted in remarkably increasing elongation to failure, remained tensile strength unchanged. A mechanism for rapid spheroidizing and dissolution process of β phase during EPT was proposed based on the reduction of nucleation thermodynamic barrier and enhancement of atomic diffusion. Fracture analysis showed that with increase in frequency of EPT transgranular dimple fracture becomes predominant instead of the quasicleavage fracture.     

Effects on the evolution of microstructure and properties of low-silicon cast aluminum alloys in service

ABSTRACT

The microstructure evolution and property change of four kinds of low silicon cast aluminum alloy exposed to heat for 0–50?h at 200°C were studied by means of Brinell hardness test, tensile property test, friction and wear property test and XRD analysis. The results show that with increasing thermal exposure time, the tensile strength of each group of samples decreased and the amount of wear increased. The tensile strength of samples with more Si content decreased slowly. When the time increased to 50?h, the increase of wear loss was the largest. The hardness of samples after thermal exposure increases compared with that before thermal exposure. The residual stress of (311) diffraction crystal surface of AlSi3.5Mg0.66 under different thermal exposure time was measured. The type of residual stress changed from residual tensile stress to residual compressive stress after thermal exposure. There is an abnormal phenomenon that the hardness of the sample increased and the amount of wear increased, and it is evident that the distribution of residual stress was inhomogeneous after thermal exposure. It is found that with increasing thermal exposure time to 50?h, the average lattice distortion ε of the low-index crystal plane and the high-index crystal plane in the aluminum alloys gradually increased.     

The structure, surface topography and mechanical properties of Si-C-N films fabricated by RF and DC magnetron sputtering

Silicon carbon nitride thin films were deposited on Co-Cr alloy under varying deposition conditions such as sputtering power and the partial pressure ratio of N₂ to Ar by radio frequency and direct current magnetron sputtering techniques. The chemical bonding configurations, surface topography and hardness were characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and nano-indentation technique. The sputtering power exhibited important influence on the film composition, chemical bonding configurations and surface topography, the electro-negativity had primary effects on chemical bonding configurations at low sputtering power. A progressive densification of the film microstructure occurring with the carbon fraction was increased. The films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering, the relative content of the Si-N bond in the films increased with the sputtering power increased, and Si-C and Si-Si were easily detachable, and C-O, N-N and N-O on the film volatile by ion bombardment which takes place very frequently during the film formation process. With the increase of sputtering power, the films became smoother and with finer particle growth. The hardness varied between 6 GPa and 11.23 GPa depending on the partial pressure ratio of N₂ to Ar. The tribological characterization of Co-Cr alloy with Si-C-N coating sliding against UHMWPE counter-surface in fetal bovine serum, shows that the wear resistance of the Si-C-N coated Co-Cr alloy/UHMWPE sliding pair show much favourable improvement over that of uncoated Co-Cr alloy/UHMWPE sliding pair. This study is important for the development of advanced coatings with tailored mechanical and tribological properties.     

Investigation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy acoustic softening

High power ultrasonic vibration is widely used for improving manufacturing processes such as machining and metal forming. High frequency mechanical vibration affects material properties and friction forces in contacting surfaces. Flow stress reduction under superimposed ultrasonic vibration is called as acoustic softening. The amount of this parameter should be determined for ultrasonic assisted metal forming processes. For determination of this parameter for workhorse Ti-6Al-4V alloy, experimental setup was designed and fabricated. Then tensile test under longitudinal ultrasonic vibration was performed for different ultrasonic powers. Results show that ultrasonic vibration has considerable effect on plastic behavior of the alloy and decreases flow stress. Also, increasing ultrasonic power leads to higher acoustic softening. Yield stress reduction up to 9.52%, ultimate stress reduction up to 4.55% and elongation up to 13% were obtained at 340 W ultrasonic power. After applying ultrasonic vibrations and its termination, hardness of specimens were measured in which increase up to 9% was observed.     

快速凝固Cu-Sn亚包晶合金的电阻率及力学性能

定量表征了快速凝固Cu-xwt%Sn(x=7, 13.5, 20)亚包晶合金的电阻率和力学性能，理论分析了冷却速率与合金性能之间的关系. 研究结果表明，在急冷快速凝固条件下，随着冷却速率的增大，合金组织显著细化、晶界增多，对自由电子的散射作用增强，Cu-Sn亚包晶合金的电阻率升高. 当晶界散射系数取r=0.992时，可用M-S模型分析其电阻率.同时，细晶强化作用增强，合金的显微硬度和抗拉强度呈线性增大，并且细晶区显微硬度略大于粗晶区显微硬度. 冷却速率的增大使合金的伸长率减小，其值在1.0%—4.6%范围.     

Enhancement of ductility,weakening of anisotropy behavior and local recrystallization in cold-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloy strips by high-density electropulsing treatment

The effect of high-density electropulsing treatment (EPT) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of cold-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloy strip was investigated. The results indicated that EPT accelerated the local recrystallization process tremendously in pre-deformed titanium alloy. The EPT-induced microstructural change resulted in remarkably increasing elongation to failure while remained tensile strength unchanged. In addition, anisotropy behavior of mechanical property is weakened dramatically. A mechanism for rapid local recrystallization in low temperature during EPT was proposed based on the reduction of nucleation thermodynamic barrier and enhancement of atomic diffusion. Uneven fractures of different direction specimens with quasi-cleavage fracture mode were gradually evolved into uniform ductile fracture mode with transgranular dimples under EPT.     

碳化钨对激光熔覆高熵合金的影响

为了获得高性能的涂层材料,采用激光熔覆的方法,在Q235钢基体上制备了FeSiCrCoMo高熵合金涂层,并研究了WC对高熵合金涂层的组织和性能的影响。通过金相、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、硬度计、磨损试验机分别研究了添加WC前后涂层的微观形貌、相结构、硬度及磨损性能。结果表明:高熵合金FeSiCrCoMo涂层组织为粗大枝状晶,主要由BCC相和金属间化合物构成,添加WC后,涂层中形成了致密细小的胞状晶,同时BCC相增多,金属间化合物明显减少;添加WC后涂层的硬度明显增强,平均硬度提升了23%,涂层表面平均硬度达到了687HV0.2;WC的添加使得涂层的摩擦系数减小,磨损率减小,耐磨性能提高。     

碳化物弥散强化钢力学性能及微观组织研究

用碳化物粒子对低活化钢 CLF-1 进行弥散强化。结果表明机械合金化的方法可以制备高强度的碳 化物弥散强化钢,经过 60h 球磨可完成合金化过程,同时添加的碳化物粒子很好地提高了低活化钢 CLF-1 的拉 伸性能,得到了比熔炼低活化钢更高的强度和硬度,同时保持了较好的延伸率。      

Interface adhesion properties of functional coatings on titanium alloy formed by microarc oxidation method

Three functional coatings (namely Al-C, Si-P-Al and P-F-Al coating) were fabricated by microarc oxidation method on Ti6Al4V alloy in different aqueous solutions. The microstructure, phase and chemical composition of coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The interface adhesion failure mode of the coating is revealed by shear, tensile and thermal shock methods. The coatings exhibit high adhesion strength by the quantitative shearing test, registering as 110, 70, and 40 MPa for Al-C, Si-P-Al and P-F-Al coating, respectively. The tensile test of the coated samples shows that microarc oxidation treatment does not significantly deteriorate mechanical properties of substrate titanium alloy. The observations of the coating failure after subjected to the identical tensile elongation of 3.0% are well in agreement with those results of the shear test. The thermal cycle test indicates that all the coatings have good anti-thermal shocking properties.