CSNS RCS注入涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源设计

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)快循环同步加速器(RCS)是一台高束流功率质子加速器,RCS注入系统是将直线加速器预加速的负氢离子束流通过剥离的方式注入到RCS环中,注入系统采用凸轨方案和相空间涂抹技术并要求涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源输出脉冲电流的下降沿能够被程序控制,电源采用IGBT.功率放大的方式产生脉冲电流,用程序控制电源的给定波形,通过电源反馈控制系统,使电源的输出波形跟随电源的给定波形,达到控制电源输出脉冲电流下降沿的目的.电源输出脉冲电流的跟踪误差是涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源的重要指标,为了满足跟踪误差小于2%的指标,要求IGBT、拓扑频率大干400kHz.IGBT拓扑采用IGBT H桥串并联错相工作的方式达到分压、分流和提高频率的作用.高功率、高频率、快速的响应时间和最佳的反馈控制策略是涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源具有良好性能的关键.     

CSNS RCS注入涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源设计

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)快循环同步加速器(RCS)是一台高束流功率质子加速器, RCS注入系统是将直线加速器预加速的负氢离子束流通过剥离的方式注入到RCS环中, 注入系统采用凸轨方案和相空间涂抹技术并要求涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源输出脉冲电流的下降沿能够被程序控制, 电源采用IGBT功率放大的方式产生脉冲电流, 用程序控制电源的给定波形, 通过电源反馈控制系统, 使电源的输出波形跟随电源的给定波形, 达到控制电源输出脉冲电流下降沿的目的. 电源输出脉冲电流的跟踪误差是涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源的重要指标, 为了满足跟踪误差小于2%的指标, 要求IGBT拓扑频率大于400kHz. IGBT拓扑采用IGBTH桥串并联错相工作的方式达到分压、分流和提高频率的作用. 高功率、高频率、快速的响应时间和最佳的反馈控制策略是涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源具有良好性能的关键.     

小型化电感隔离型Marx发生器的研制

随着脉冲功率技术的发展,纳秒脉冲电场被逐渐应用到等离子体水处理、不可逆电穿孔肿瘤消融等技术中。为了满足纳秒脉冲的应用需求,电源需要输出十几kV高压,拥有纳秒窄脉宽和快速的上升沿,同时尽量减小电源体积,降低成本。该纳秒脉冲电源采用电感隔离型Marx发生器结构,电路可以实现模块化叠加,电感隔离可以减少开关数量,抬升充电电压,以获得更高的电压输出。所设计的驱动电路仅需一路控制信号和一个直流供电模块,经功率放大和磁隔离后可同时控制所有放电管,该驱动电路结构简单、成本低、体积小,耐压水平高。所设计的24级电源样机,在50 kΩ阻性负载上,可输出0～14 kV电压,频率0.5～1 kHz,脉宽500 ns。该电源主电路的长宽高尺寸仅为23 cm×10 cm×12 cm。     

一级Marx压缩的高稳定纳秒脉冲电源的设计

针对目前缺乏标准纳秒高压脉冲电源的现状,开展高稳定性纳秒高压脉冲电源回路分析、结构设计及性能测试研究。通过建立纳秒脉冲发生器等效电路模型,仿真计算获得5级初级脉冲发生电路参数,以及一级压缩陡化间隙对纳秒脉冲特性的影响规律。通过纳秒高压脉冲电源结构设计及低抖动电晕稳定开关特性研究,建立高稳定输出的纳秒脉冲电源系统。研制纳秒电阻分压器,建立基于ns及μs量级传递校准测试相结合的刻度因数标定方法,准确获得纳秒电阻分压器的刻度因数。脉冲电源输出特性测试结果表明：纳秒脉冲电源系统可以输出上升时间2.3 ns±0.5 ns、幅值范围10～60 kV的指数纳秒脉冲;输出脉冲电压在全幅值范围内的相对标准偏差不大于±1.5%。     

具有快前沿的固态Marx电源的研究

纳秒脉冲电场消融要求在100Ω负载上产生数千伏的纳秒脉冲,加快脉冲前沿有利于获得更窄的纳秒脉冲。提出了一种具有快速前沿的固态Marx发生器,在每级电路中插入一个电感,并且让放电管和充电管同时导通数十纳秒,等放电管完全开通后,关断充电管,对负载进行放电,以消除放电管和放电回路杂散电感对脉冲前沿的限制,获得具有快前沿的高压脉冲。搭建了32级Marx样机,实验中通过调节直通时间,在100Ω的低阻负载上获得了电压上升沿35 ns、脉宽800 ns、电流186 A的高压脉冲。对比并分析了充电管和放电管直通时间对上升沿的影响,发现直通时间越长,脉冲电流的前沿越快。输出端的峰值电流最大可达186 A。表明该脉冲电压源可以有效地提高电流的输出,提高系统带载能力。该方案相比于传统的改进方法,提高了系统抗干扰能力的同时,也减少了所使用开关管的数量,降低了脉冲电源的成本。     

基于半桥结构的双极性脉冲电源的研究

为了满足脉冲电场消融的应用需求,解决单极性脉冲电场分布不均匀的问题,研制了一台基于半桥结构的主电路、具有纳秒级前沿的高重复频率双极性亚微秒高压脉冲电源。该脉冲电源由FPGA提供控制信号,经过驱动芯片放大控制信号后,利用光耦隔离驱动多个SiC MOSFET。驱动电路所需元器件较少,信号控制时序简单,可提供负压偏置,使开关管可靠关断,提高了电路的抗电磁干扰能力,使电源能稳定运行。通过电阻负载实验,对比分析了不同栅极电阻对驱动电压的影响,驱动电压上升沿时间越短对应的双极性高压脉冲前沿越快。实验结果表明：所设计的高频双极性脉冲电源在100Ω纯阻性负载上能够稳定产生重复频率双极性纳秒脉冲,输出电压0～±4 kV可调,脉宽0.2～1.0μs可调,正负脉冲相间延时0～1 ms可调,上升沿和下降沿60～150 ns之间。该双极性脉冲电源电路设计结构紧凑,能满足应用的参数需求。     

紧凑型重复频率高压纳秒脉冲电源及其仿真模型

纳秒脉冲等离子体在诸多实际的工程应用中依赖于小型化且可靠的纳秒脉冲电源实现。设计了一种紧凑型全固态高压纳秒脉冲电源,该电源主要由直流电源部分、绝缘栅双极晶体管及其驱动控制电路、可饱和脉冲变压器、磁脉冲压缩网络等组成。通过理论计算分析、PSpice电路仿真以及实验研究表明,其最终可以在800 的输出负载阻抗上获得幅值40 kV、脉冲宽度100 ns左右、脉冲上升沿约50 ns的高电压脉冲,重复频率最高可达5 kHz。     

中国散裂中子源直线加速器束流流强测量系统

介绍了中国散裂中子源(CSNS)直线加速器(Linac)采用的自主研制的束流变压器(BCT)系统。根据CSNS Linac的束流参数、加速器管道的横向孔径和纵向空间,专门设计了BCT进行束流宏脉冲流强的测量。在CSNS Linac试运行阶段成功地测量到了负氢粒子束流的宏脉冲信息,给调束运行提供了有利的保障和支撑。     

4路GW级纳秒脉冲源同步技术实验研究

 利用峰值功率可达1 GW的纳秒脉冲源CKP1000开展了4路GW级纳秒脉冲源同步技术实验研究。使用trigatron作为触发开关,通过单路开关触发特性实验研究优化了开关的结构与工作参数,单路开关抖动0.2 ns,建立了实验装置,实现了4路GW级纳秒脉冲源并联同步输出。同步实验结果为: 纳秒脉冲源输出电压230 kV,峰值功率1 GW,脉冲宽度6 ns,4路输出脉冲同步偏差95%以上概率分布在1 ns以内,平均同步偏差630 ps。     

基于FPGA技术的加速器切束控制系统设计

针对加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)中强流质子直线加速器,即ADS注入器Ⅱ,设计了采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)切束技术的加速器快保护控制系统。当系统检测到束流异常故障信号时能快速切断束流,并上传故障信息,方便故障排查和后期数据分析。该控制器基于FPGA设计,可实现光纤通信、串口通信、逻辑电平信号输出等功能。其中,光纤通信功能用于控制斩波器电源快速切断束流;串口通信用于实时传输设备状态信息;逻辑电平信号输出用于控制继电器产生开关量信号去远程控制保护设备,以防止运行设备的损害。通过现场运行测试,切束响应时间在10 s之内,达到安全设计要求。     

A design study on the CSNS LEBT pre-chopper

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) front end incorporates a pre-chopper in the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) that will remove a 530 ns section of beam at approximately 1 MHz rate, which is the RF frequency of the ring at injection. It’s one of the most critical devices for properly controlling the injecting beam loss. Physical designing of the pre-chopper is carried out, and the RFQ itself is used as the beam dump of the chopper system. In order to examine the reliability of the pre-chopper design, the beam study of a similar chopper system is successfully performed. The results of physical design and experiments are presented.

     

级联型高压重复频率微秒脉冲源的研制

针对等离子体的应用,基于级联型电压叠加技术研制了一种最高输出电压为20 kV的高压微秒脉冲源,该电源由40个相同的电源模块组成,其单个模块电压等级为500 V,降低了对器件的绝缘耐压要求。电源的输出电压值在0~20 kV之间可调;重复频率在0~10 kHz之间、脉宽在0~30 μs之间可调;该电源的上升沿和下降沿均在1 μs以内。模块化的设计提高了电源的冗余容错能力。将该电源作为产生等离子体的激励源时,其输出的高压脉冲波形稳定,且根据负载对输出高压波形的要求不同,该电源可以方便地进行调节。     

Longitudinal RF capture and acceleration simulation in CSNS RCS

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high power proton accelerator-based facility. Uncontrolled beam loss is a major concern in designing the CSNS to control the radioactivation level. For the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the CSNS, the repetition frequency is too high for the longitudinal motion to be fully adiabatic. Significant beam loss happens during the RF capture and initial acceleration of the injection period. To reduce the longitudinal beam loss, beam chopping and momentum offset painting methods are used in the RCS injection. This paper presents detailed studies on the longitudinal motion in the RCS by using the ORBIT simulations, which include different beam chopping factors, momentum offsets and RF voltage optimization. With a trade-off between the longitudinal beam loss and transverse incoherent tune shift that will also result in beam losses, optimized longitudinal painting schemes are obtained.     

基于频移反馈腔的全光纤射频调制脉冲激光研究

射频调制的脉冲激光是激光雷达探测领域内的一项重要研究内容.根据声光斩波器的强度和频率调制特性,设计了基于频移反馈腔的全光纤射频调制脉冲激光.理论上,建立了基于频移反馈腔的激光外差相干理论模型,并进行了数值仿真.根据理论模型,实验上严格控制频移反馈腔的长度和声光斩波器触发信号的周期,在100 MHz的射频信号驱动下,产生了脉冲宽度110 ns、重复频率约20 kHz的具有最高700 MHz射频调制的脉冲激光(脉内调制激光);同时微调斩波周期可以实现脉冲前沿或后沿的多样性射频调制.通过改变反馈腔内光纤放大器的输出功率实现了射频调制深度的连续可调,最高达到了0.67.     

A prototype RF power source for CSNS/RCS

A prototype RF power source has been built to supply high RF power to a ferrite-loaded cavity, which is a part of R&D of the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS/RCS). A direct fast RF feedback amplifier, a 4:1 impedance transformer and auto tuning grid were locally located to compensate the heavy beam loading of CSNS/RCS. Design and commissioning of the RF power source is discussed here, also with some advice on system improvement.     

Longitudinal RF capture and acceleration simulation in CSNS RCS

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high power proton accelerator-based facility. Uncontrolled beam loss is a major concern in designing the CSNS to control the radioactivation level. For the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the CSNS, the repetition frequency is too high for the longitudinal motion to be fully adiabatic. Significant beam loss happens during the RF capture and initial acceleration of the injection period. To reduce the longitudinal beam loss, beam chopping and momentum offset painting methods are used in the RCS injection. This paper presents detailed studies on the longitudinal motion in the RCS by using the ORBIT simulations, which include different beam chopping factors, momentum offsets and RF voltage optimization. With a trade-off between the longitudinal beam loss and transverse incoherent tune shift that will also result in beam losses, optimized longitudinal painting schemes are obtained.     

Preliminary shielding analysis for the CSNS target station monolith

The construction of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has been initiated at Dongguan,Guangdong,China.In spallation neutron sources the target station monolith is contaminated by a large number of fast neutrons whose energies can be as large as those of the protons of the proton beam directed towards the tungsten target.A detailed radiation transport analysis of the target station monolith is important for the construction of the CSNS.The analysis is performed using the coupled Monte Carlo and multi-dimensional discrete ordinates method.Successful elimination of the primary ray effects via the two-dimensional uncollided flux and first collision source methodology is also illustrated.The dose at the edge of the monolith is calculated.The results demonstrate that the doses received by the hall staff members are below the required standard limit.     

The design and construction of a pulsed beam generation system based on high intensity cyclotron

In order to perform the studies on a pulsed beam generation system based on a high intensity cyclotron, a test beam line with a pulsed beam generation for a 10 MeV compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-10) has been designed and constructed at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). A 70 MHz continuous H-beam can be pulsed to the pulse length of less than 10 ns with a repetition rate of 4.4 MHz. The sine waveform with a frequency of 2.2 MHz is adopted for the chopper and a mesh structure with single drift and dual gaps is used for the 70 MHz buncher. A helical resonator is designed and constructed based on simulations and experiments on the RF matching for the chopper. A helical inductance loop that is exceptionally large of its kind and equipped with water cooling for the resonator has been successfully wound and a 500 W solid RF amplifier has been manufactured. A special measuring device has been designed, which can be used to measure both the DC beam and the pulsed beam. The required pulsed beam was obtained after pulsed beam tuning.     

散裂靶中质子束窗的散射效应

 质子束窗是在高功率靶区中的一个分界窗,它将质子输运线上高真空区域和氦容器中的氦环境分开。在其他散裂中子源中质子束窗的热效应以及机械问题都已经被研究过了,但质子束在该窗中散射效应的研究却很少被报导,然而在靶设计中如果没有处理好质子束窗的散射效应会有很大的问题。报导了质子束窗散射效应的模拟计算结果,包括不同质子束窗的材料和结构选择,并以中国散裂中子源（CSNS）为例,介绍了在CSNS一期和二期中质子束窗采用周边水冷的铝合金单层结构,CSNS三期采用中间水冷的铝合金夹层结构。文中给出了不同结构的质子束窗和不同的与靶距离散射效应对靶上经非线性磁铁均匀化的束流分布的影响的模拟计算结果。模拟结果显示质子窗的散射效应对束流损失和靶上的束流分布有重要的影响。