旋转光纤圆起偏器的特性分析

基于旋转光纤耦合模理论,对窄带和宽带旋转光纤圆起偏器的特性进行了计算分析.研究了注入光的偏振态、光纤固有线双折射和旋转速率对窄带圆起偏器最小工作长度的影响,并借助多包层光纤的分析方法,分析了旋转光纤各参量变化对宽带圆起偏器工作带宽的影响.结果表明:窄带圆起偏器的最小工作长度与光纤固有线双折射和光纤旋转速率有关,而与注入...     

线双折射传感光栅中的传输光偏振态分析

 深入研究了线双折射光栅中透射光偏振特性的演变过程。采用耦合模理论和琼斯矩阵分析了传输距离、双折射大小、入射起偏态等因素对透射光偏振特性的影响,并利用邦加球中描绘了偏振态的演变趋势。结果表明：光栅中的线双折射和传输距离会改变传输光的偏振态,偏振态的波长相关曲线会随传输距离和线双折射的增大而不断扩展,入射起偏态的不同并不改变偏振态的拓展趋势。同时,第一斯托克斯参量与偏振相关损耗在峰值波长点上存在对应关系,两者幅值均与线双折射呈单调递增关系,可应用于传感测量。     

基于Sagnac原理的单轴分布式光纤传感系统偏振态分析

针对Sagnac干涉型单轴分布式光纤传感器中使用单模光纤作为传感器件时,由于传输光偏振态在双折射影响下所带来的干涉信号“偏振诱导衰落”问题,运用琼斯矩阵分析法,建立了该型传感器系统在传感光纤双折射和外部事件共同作用下,传输光的偏振态对系统功率传输系数影响的数学模型;仿真分析了在传感光纤线性双折射和圆双折射共同作用下,传输光的偏振态对系统功率传输系数的影响;提出了使用法拉第旋转镜提高系统抗偏振能力的改进方法.仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地消除光纤线性双折射和圆双折射.     

线双折射磁光光纤光栅中光偏振态演化

根据导波光的微扰理论得到了线双折射磁光光纤光栅中导波光耦合模方程,并给出了其解析解。借助于归一化斯托克斯参量,研究了线双折射与磁圆双折射对光纤光栅中光偏振态的影响。研究表明,线双折射磁光光纤光栅中存在左旋和右旋两个本征的椭圆光偏振态,线双折射或磁圆双折射的大小只引起本征偏振态椭圆率的变化,而不改变主轴方位角。通过调节磁光光纤光栅中两种双折射的相对大小可方便地控制输出导波光的偏振态,从而使磁光光纤光栅在光纤通信与传感中具有广泛的潜在应用。     

磁场中双折射光纤的琼斯矩阵等效模型

采用延迟器与旋光器的串联模型, 研究磁场中双折射光纤的偏振传输特性, 将它们的琼斯矩阵按照两种不同的顺序级联相乘, 导出了两种等效模型中等效相位延迟量、等效快轴方向和等效旋光角的解析表达式。研究发现, 当光纤同时具有线双折射和圆双折射时, 单位长度的等效相位延迟量并不等于其固有的线双折射, 等效旋光角也不等于其法拉第旋转角, 它们同时都与光纤的固有线双折射和磁场引起的圆双折射相关联。且在不同级联顺序的两种等效模型中, 等效相位延迟器的快轴方向都不与光纤的双折射主轴重合, 而是分别向两个相反的方向偏移一定的角度, 偏移角为等效旋光角的一半。     

基于Sagnac/双Mach-Zehnder原理的分布式光纤传感系统的偏振态分析

运用琼斯矩阵分析法,建立了该分布式传感器系统在传感光纤双折射和外部事件共同作用下,传输光的偏振态对系统功率传输系数影响的数学模型.仿真分析了在传感光纤线性双折射和圆双折射共同作用下,传输光的偏振态对系统功率传输系数的影响,并提出了利用偏振控制器对输入偏振态进行控制,从而改善干涉信号输出的方法.     

液晶填充碲酸盐光子晶体光纤偏振旋转器

提出一种液晶填充碲酸盐玻璃的柚子型光子晶体光纤偏振旋转器,利用全矢量有限元法,对液晶填充碲酸盐玻璃的柚子型光子晶体光纤的偏振旋转特性进行数值模拟,并分析了光纤结构参数、环境温度、工作波长等对光纤偏振旋转特性的影响.研究结果表明:此种偏振旋转器具有较高的旋转效率、较低的工作串扰和较短的旋转长度,在工作波长为1.55μm、偏振角度为45°时,其值分别达到99.947%、-32.84dB和197μm;另外,随着光纤薄壁厚度的增加,旋转长度随之升高,随着工作波长的变大,旋转长度随之降低,随着温度的增加,旋转长度随之升高.这种新型的光子晶体光纤为偏振旋转器的研发提供了参考.     

基于传统分立光学元件的旋光纤测量

采用庞加莱几何表象,从理论上分析了光纤中的线双折射和圆双折射分别对入射光偏振态的调制规律,同时研究了这两种双折射同时存在的低双折射旋光纤的双折射特性.根据理论分析的调制规律,提出了一种基于传统分立光学元件测量旋光纤双折射参量的截断法,可以仅通过消光比的测量和计算获得旋光纤的线双折射和圆双折射参量,进而可以通过线双折射参量近似计算差分群时延,且采用该方法的理论计算值与传统方法的测量值吻合.     

基于悬浮式双芯多孔光纤的太赫兹偏振分离器

提出了一种基于悬浮式双芯多孔光纤的低损耗、宽带太赫兹偏振分离器.通过纤芯的多孔结构实现器件的低损耗特性,利用两个纤芯微结构的正交关系实现宽带的单偏振模式匹配.结构参数设计采用折射率反转匹配耦合法;数值计算采用全矢量有限元法;光纤基底材料选择太赫兹波段低损耗环烯烃共聚物COC.首先对单芯高双折射悬浮式多孔光纤的色散、模式双折射、基模在空气中的能量分数、以及损耗等特性进行了分析,在此基础上,对悬浮式双芯多孔光纤偏振分离器的特性进行了详细研究.发现该偏振分离器的工作带宽超过1.5 THz(0.8 THz到2.3 THz).其偏振分离长度和吸收损耗随频率的增大而增大,在1 THz,分离长度仅为0.66 cm;x,y两偏振的消光比分别为-14.64 dB和-14.84 dB,两偏振模式的实际吸收损耗均小于0.12 dB.相对于其他双芯光纤偏振分离器设计,该结构具有宽带、低损耗、设计简单、拉制容易、以及抗环境干扰等优点.     

磁光非线性光纤中光参量增益的研究

将光纤中磁光效应和非线性效应作为微扰,推导了磁光四波混频的耦合模方程.通过解析解研究了各向同性磁光非线性光纤的参量过程,并指出利用磁光耦合系数的色散特性可以实现四波混频的相位匹配.同时,采用龙格-库塔法分析了在线双折射磁光非线性光纤中,忽略费尔德常量的波长依赖性时,左旋圆偏振光参量增益的磁控特性,指出了实验中采用较高费尔德常量的非线性光纤的必要性.研究表明:1)对于低线双折射磁光非线性光纤,优化双折射大小可以获得最大的参量增益;2)根据参量增益对磁光耦合系数的单调依赖特性,适当选择光纤长度、泵浦功率以及输入导波光的偏振态,可使参量增益的磁可调范围大大提高.     

All-fiber acousto-optic polarization monitor

We describe the operational principle of and experimentally demonstrate a narrowband, wavelength-tunable polarization monitor based on a fiber acousto-optic tunable filter. Two orthogonally vibrating acoustic waves are used to create a variable polarizer that can be used to measure the state of polarization of an incident narrowband light source. The accuracy of the polarization monitor is measured at two different wavelengths in reference to a commercial polarimeter and is shown to be within 5%.     

Modeling and simulation of polarization errors in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor

Sagnac fiber optic current sensor (S-FOCS) is a kind of optical interferometer based on Sagnac structure, optical polarization states of sensing light wave in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor are limited. However, several factors induce optical polarization error, and non-ideal polarized light waves cause the interference signal crosstalk in sensor, including polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, splice angular, birefringence and so on. With these errors, linearly polarized light wave in PM fiber and circularly polarized light wave in sensing fiber become elliptically polarized light wave, then, nonreciprocal phase shift induced by magnetic field of the current is interrupted by wrong polarization state. To clarify characteristics of optical polarization error in fiber optic current sensor, we analyze the evolution process of random optical polarization state, linear optical polarization state and circular optical polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor by using Poincare sphere, then, build optical polarization error models by using Jones matrix. Based on models of polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor, we investigate the influence of several main error factors on optical polarization error characteristics theoretically, including extinction ratio in polarizer, phase delay in quarter-wave retarder, splice angular between quarter-wave retarder and polarization maintaining fiber. Finally, we simulate and quantify nonreciprocal phase shift to be detected in fiber optic current sensor related with optical polarization errors. In the end, we demonstrate S-FOCS in test. The results show that transfer matrix errors are induced by inaccurate polarization properties during polarization state conversion, then, the stability and accuracy of the S-FOCS are affected, and it is important to control the polarization properties at each step of the polarization state conversion precisely.     

Scaling properties of polarization mode dispersion of spun fibers in the presence of random mode coupling

The scaling properties of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in spun fibers are studied. Simple equations have been obtained to describe the scaling properties of spun fibers as a function of intrinsic fiber birefringence, spin parameters, and mode-coupling length under both optimal and nonoptimal spin conditions. In particular, a counterintuitive result is found for fibers with perfect spin optimization, in which case the fiber PMD increases as the mode-coupling length is shortened. The results are verified with direct numerical modeling.     

Polarization mode dispersion of spun fibers: an analytical solution

A simple analytical solution is derived from coupled-mode theory to describe the evolution of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in spun fibers. For practical fibers with a beat length greater than a few meters, the solution is valid for a whole category of periodic spin profiles. We find that the PMD change factor is independent of the intrinsic birefringence of the fiber and the fiber PMD scales linearly with the fiber length in the short length regime. This solution allows us to determine phase-matching conditions for spun fibers, in which the PMD evolves periodically along the fiber. An example of determining the phase-matching conditions of sinusoidal-type spin profiles is given.     

一种高精度偏振遥感探测方式的精度分析

检偏器的角度误差是影响偏振遥感探测精度的重要因素之一,是许多高精度定量化偏振遥感需要考虑的一个问题。在检偏器(0°,60°,120°)放置的测量系统中,当入射光偏振角接近于0°或180°时偏振测量易产生最大误差值,而偏振角接近30°,90°和150°时,偏振度的测量具有很高的精度;在检偏器(0°,45°,90°)放置方式中,偏振角接近45°的光束测量易具有最大误差值,而偏振角接近于0°,90°和135°时,角度误差对偏振度测量精度的影响很小。除了个别偏振角外,对高偏振度入射光束的偏振测量通常具有较大的偏振测量误差。因此,引进线偏振光的平均偏振度测量精度描述偏振测量装置的优劣,结果表明检偏器(0°,60°,120°)放置方式优于检偏器(0°,45°,90°)放置方式。     

X波段高功率微波TE11模圆极化器

 基于圆波导TE₁₁模的模式简并特性和微波在椭圆波导中传输两个正交TE11模式相速不同的性质,研制了一种带有椭圆波导结构的圆波导TE₁₁模圆极化器。该圆极化器通过圆波导到椭圆波导的过渡段,将输入的线极化TE₁₁模式分成两个等幅、正交的TE₁₁模,然后调整椭圆波导长度,使得两个正交的TE₁₁模式的相位差为90°,实现了TE₁₁模式微波线极化到圆极化的转换。利用时域有限差分软件优化设计了该圆极化器,并按照优化的结构尺寸加工了一套实验装置进行了实验测试,测试结果表明：在工作频率9～10 GHz范围内,该圆极化器轴比小于1 dB,驻波比小于1.1,且功率容量大于1.6 GW。     

拉曼效应对低双折射光纤偏振态的影响

在准连续情况下, 通过求解低双折射光纤中含有拉曼效应的右旋与左旋圆偏振光所满足的耦合非线性薛定谔方程,着重研究了低输入功率和高输入功率情形在加入拉曼效应前后, 有效偏振拍长和输入功率的变化关系. 结果表明: 无论入射光的偏振是沿着慢轴或沿着快轴, 拉曼效应均改变了入射光偏振态演变的周期, 同时改变了入射光的传输距离.     

Achromatic polarimeter

A polarimeter for measuring complete state of polarization of light in a wide spectral range is investigated. The light beam to be analyzed propagates through a continuously rotating first-phase plate; then through a continuously rotating second-phase plate; and, passing through a stationary linear polarizer, is incident on a detector. The time dependence of the intensity of the light beam that propagated though the polarizer is recorded. Fourier analysis of the periodic time dependence of the intensity yields the state of polarization of the light, which is characterized by four Stokes parameters. It is shown that the relation between the rotational velocities of the two phase plates and their thicknesses can be chosen such that the working range of the polarimeter would be limited only by the transparency range of the birefringent material of the phase plates, the working range of the linear polarizer, and that of the detector.     

Influence of the irregularity of twisting of the birefringence axes of single-mode optical fibers on the polarization nonreciprocity of fiber ring interferometers

A particular example of the so-called minimum-configuration fiber ring interferometer whose loop comprises two different-length segments of a single-mode optical fiber with the same linear birefringence but different twisting is used to show that even in the case where the birefringence axes at the loop input coincide with the polarizer transmission direction, the phenomenon of polarization nonreciprocity of the fiber ring interferometer can emerge. It is shown that polarization nonreciprocity can be eliminated by the proper adjustment of the axes of a single-mode optical fiber, but the above adjustment should be changed if the waveguide temperature is changed. It is also shown that polarization nonreciprocity is a function of the light wavelength and the polarization nonreciprocity value in a fiber ring interferometer varies quasiperiodically in response to the temperature change in an optical fiber with random irregularities.