北京同步辐射XAFS实验方法新进展

近年来基于现有的XAFS站线条件,与用户互相配合在发展实验方法,开拓XAFS的应用方面做了一些新的尝试.主要包括高温熔态XAFS实验、全反射XAFS方法、及发光XAFS实验方法.文中分别介绍了以上几种实验方法的意义,实验设置及实验结果,并进行了讨论.     

CCD技术在塞曼效应实验中应用的改进

利用CCD图像采集和计算机图像程序处理技术改进了塞曼效应实验系统,对比了测微目镜测量干涉圆环直径、利用手动方法处理实验图像以及利用计算机程序处理实验图像3种方法的实验结果.实验结果表明:利用计算机程序自动处理实验图像的方法能够简化实验并减小实验误差.     

在分光计上做双棱镜干涉实验

提出在分光计上做双棱镜干涉实验的实验方法,并论述了该方法的实验原理,给出了测量光波波长的公式.该方法克服了在光具座上进行实验时的调节难度大、不易测量和测量误差大等问题.     

“声光衍射与液体中声速的测定”实验改进探析

本文在分析"声光衍射与液体中声速的测定"实验原理的基础上,提出了实验改进方法,组装了一套简单可行的测量衍射光斑中心位置的实验装置,减小了传统实验方法中测量光斑间距的误差,提高了实验精度。     

RLC串联谐振电路实验方法改进探究

针对传统实验方法存在操作繁琐、谐振点附近电压变化缓慢等问题,提出了改进实验测量的方法,通过测量电容电感两端合电压与信号源输出电压的比值随频率变化曲线来测定谐振频率。与传统实验方法对比表明,该实验方法不仅能达到与传统实验方法相同的实验结果,而且能改进实验操作,并加深学生从不同角度对电路谐振特性的理解。为RLC串联电路谐振频率的测量提供了新的思路和切实可行的实验方案。     

磁聚焦法测定电子比荷实验的改进方法探究

随着科学技术的发展,出现了多种测定电子比荷的方法,其中在近代物理实验中常用的方法是磁聚焦法.本文在此实验设备和实验方法的基础上,研究了实验测量过程中荧光屏上显示扫描的线段随所加励磁电流的变化关系,并进一步对实验提出了改进意见.     

义务教育阶段物理实验方法研究及其启示

为了更好地开展义务教育阶段物理实验教学,对物理实验方法进行了研究.根据物理实验过程,可将物理实验方法分为实验操作方法和数据处理方法.通过梳理《义务教育物理课程标准(2022年版)》中学生必做的物理实验,归纳其所蕴含的实验方法,并在此基础上总结各物理实验方法的内涵和意义,以期为物理实验教学及研究提供借鉴.     

浅谈"平分"方法在物理实验中的应用

介绍了“平分”方法的数学原理,结合典型的物理实验,针对具体的实验过程,给出了该方法的一些应用实例,并讨论了在实验中应用该方法的重要性.     

牛顿环实验最佳方法的对比

牛顿环干涉实验是大学物理实验的一个基本实验,基于学者提出的逐差法计算方法,本文比较了两种逐差方法,运用Mathematics软件进行数据处理,得到牛顿环实验的最佳测量方法、最佳计算方法和最佳处理方法.利用计算机对实验数据进行处理的方法,既培养了学生的计算机应用能力,又为实验数据处理提供了方便,简化了大量烦琐的计算.     

对学生拉曼光谱实验结果的模糊评价

介绍了拉曼光谱实验的原理和实验方法,并应用模糊数学方法对实验结果进行了综合评价,得到了更为准确客观的评价结果,尽量避免了教师直接评价所带来的主观性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.