用网格衰减膜相对标定SIOFM─5FW软X光底片

点聚焦激光等离子体发出的Ｘ射线经晶体色散形成均匀的单色Ｘ射线源，在此基础上，用单层网格作为衰减膜，得到未经衰减和经过衰减的Ｘ射线谱，对无保护膜ＳＩＯＦＭ５ＦＷ软Ｘ光底片作了试验性的相对标定，得到了０．９１ｎｍ波长的特性曲线     

用网格衰减膜相对标定SIOFM—5FW软X光底片

点降焦激光等离子体发出的Ｘ射线经晶体色散形成均匀的单色Ｘ射线源，在此基础上，用单层网格作为衰减膜，得到未经衰减和经过衰减的Ｘ射线谱，对无保护膜的ＳＩＯＦ－Ｍ５ＦＷ软Ｘ光底片作了试验性的相对标定，得到了０．９１ｎｍ波长的特性曲线。     

软X射线晶体谱仪

描述了用于激光等离子体软Ｘ射线光谱学研究长波晶体谱仪。用具有大晶格常数的晶体，极薄的滤片和对软Ｘ射线灵敏的底片，获得了波长达５．８ｎｍ的激光等离子体软件Ｘ射线光谱。同时还给出了实验测定了谱仪光谱分辨率。     

新型软X-射线透射光栅光谱仪的研制

研制了一种新型的由带前置轮胎镜成像系统、高密度透射光栅和软Ｘ光ＣＣＤ相机等组成的软Ｘ射线光谱仪,摄谱范围为０．５－１．５ｎｍ,光谱分辩为为０．０５ｎｍ。光谱仪没有像散,实现了点对点成像。由于其高效率激光系统产生的等离子体Ｘ光谱,特别适合于超短飞秒强激光脉冲产生的等离子体的研究。     

五氧硼酸钾结构的~1H NMR研究

给出相对于外磁场不同取向的五氧硼酸钾（ＫＢ５）单晶的１ＨＮＭＲ室温谱．发现当外磁场在晶体的ｂｃ平面里，１ＨＮＭＲ谱最多有６个峰．而在ａｈ或ａｃ平面里，最多仅有５个峰．用计算机拟合ＮＭＲ谱表明：在五氧硼酸钾中，氢原子是以羟基和水分子集团的形式存在．在羟基集团中，Ｏ—Ｈ的距离为０．１００５±０．００１ｎｍ和０．１０５４±０．００１ｎｍ；而在水分子中，Ｏ—Ｈ的距离为０．０９８３±０．００１ｎｍ和０．０９６８±０．００１ｎｍ，并且Ｈ—Ｏ—Ｈ夹角为１０８°±１°．这些显示本文的数据与中子衍射结果相近，而Ｘ射线衍射所得到的质子位置的数据则与我们的结果相距甚远．     

蓝光波段染料Coumarin461掺杂的凝胶材料的光学性质

采用溶胶－凝胶技术合成了掺杂蓝光段激光染料Ｃｏｕｍａｒｉｎ４６１的ＳｉＯ２基固体材料，用波长为３０８ｎｍ的Ｘｅｃｌ激光器做泵浦源，横向泵浦，获得了峰值波长为４６５ｎｍ的蓝光波段激光输出，在泵浦光强度为１０ｍＪ时激光输出达到０．５３ｍＪ，转换效率为５．３％。     

EXAFS研究负载型Ni／SiO2的区域结构

实验结果表明改进的实验室ＥＸＡＦＳ谱仪测试Ｎｉ箔的Ｋ吸收得到的ＥＸＡＦＳ谱与同步辐射上测量Ｎｉ箔得到的ＥＸＡＦＳ谱相近，利用实验室ＥＸＡＦＳ方法也可开展较好的结果测量研究，在ＳｉＯ２粉末载体上Ｎｉ负载量变化的ＥＸＡＦＳ结果表明，随着Ｎｉ负载量的降低，Ｎｉ的径向结构函数主配位峰的位置Ｒ＝０．２２０ｎｍ保持不变，但振幅强度逐渐降低。负载量从Ｎｉ箔到２．５％Ｎｉ／ＳｉＯ２，无序度因子σ由０．００６８ｎｍ     

5FW软件X光胶片响应在同步辐射源上的实验标定

介绍了５ＦＷ软Ｘ光胶片在同步辐射源上进行响应标定的一种实验是到了５ＦＷ软Ｘ光胶片对波长为１．４７ｎｍ和４．５９ｎｍ软Ｘ光的相对响应实验曲线，并与用理论模型计算的结果进行了比较。     

高效率低阈值Nd：S－FAP晶体激光特性

测量了新型晶体Ｎｄ：Ｓ－ＦＡＰ［Ｎｄ：Ｓｒ＿５（ＰＯ＿４）＿３Ｆ］的吸收光谱特性，它具有宽的有效吸收带，在５７５．０ｎｍ和８０５．４ｎｍ处有二个强的吸收峰．用可调谐染料激光器测量了５７５．０ｎｍ处的吸收系数为１９．７ｃｍ￣（－１），用波长为５７５．０ｎｍ的的染料激光作泵浦源，实现了１．０５９μｍ的全偏振光输出，最低闽值为２．５ｍＪ，斜效率为４９％。用ＫＴＰ倍频获得的绿光的波长为０．５２９５μｍ，峰值半宽度为１．０ｎｍ。     

三角形弯晶单色器的分光及聚焦特性研究

北京同步辐射装置（ＢＳＲＦ）的４Ｗ１Ｃ光束线用斜切角为１２．１６°的三角形Ｓｉ（１１１）、Ｓｉ（２２０）和Ｓｉ（４２２）晶体在衍射角为２３．６５°时选择０．２５２ｎｍ、０．１５４ｎｍ和０．０８９ｎｍ波长的单色Ｘ光．三角形晶体压弯成柱面，可实现单色光水平方向的聚焦，为漫散射实验站提供聚焦的单色Ｘ光．解析计算和ＳＨＡＤＯＷ软件包进行追踪的结果与实验测试结果符合得很好．     

基于X射线的空间语音通信系统

提出了栅控X射线源作为发射器和基于微通道板的X射线单光子探测器作为接收器的X射线通信方案. 搭建了基于X射线的空间语音通信系统, 详细介绍了信号调制发射器、基于微通道板的X射线单光子探测器及信号接收解调器的设计及工作原理. 报道了基于X射线的空间语音通信系统的初步实验结果, 实现了优于20 kbit/s的基于语音信号调制的X射线通信. 实验分析了在不同X射线强度、信号整形时间和阈值设置下通信性能影响, 得出了X射线发射功率限制X射线通信速率的结论, 提出了下一步提高X射线通信性能的改进方案. 关键词： X射线通信 X射线源 探测器     

X射线硬化对面密度测量灵敏度的影响

利用蒙特卡罗方法分别研究了3种能量X光机的光子穿透不同厚度铝的硬化情况及3种能量光机作为光源测量面密度的过程,并开展了相关实验研究,根据模拟结果对比分析了不同能量光机X射线硬化对面密度测量灵敏度的影响,结果表明:对同种能量光机的光子而言,随着面密度变大,射线硬化程度越严重,导致测量灵敏度下降;光子能量越低,测量灵敏度随面密度变大下降越快,反之亦然;对于某一范围面密度被测物,调整X光机电压使X光子刚好穿透并形成有效图像,可获得最理想的测量灵敏度。     

X-ray microbeams based on Kumakhov polycapillary optics and its applications: Analytical consideration

Kumakhov polycapillary optics is based on the effective passage of X-ray radiation through bundles of monocapillaries of various configurations. The passage of radiation takes place because of the total external reflection of X-rays from the inner capillary walls. In this work, the basic characteristics of intense quasi-parallel X-ray polycapillary microbeams from a laboratory source with microfocus X-ray tube/polycapillary cylindrical structure are investigated theoretically (analytical consideration). The data generated from theoretical estimations are compared with the experimental results. Several new generations of X-ray analytical devices like, laboratory synchrotron, fluorescent spectrometers, reflectometers/refractometers, diffractometers, X-ray microscopes and combinations of several such devices, are developed based on polycapillary optics. Besides, a number of devices can be developed for the most modern research problems such as nanomateriology, namely, X-ray nanoscanner, portable X-ray nanothickness indicator etc. X-ray tubes and the radiators, specially developed for polycapillary optics as efficiently as possible, are used in all the devices mentioned above.     

X-ray minification systems--an international commodity.

Crowded hospital X-ray file rooms and the increasing economic value of silver have contributed to the need to substitute microfilm for original X-rays. X-ray minification, already successful in the United States, will be increasing worldwide as governments begin to understand the art of X-ray microfilming and as economic pressures force the decline of hospital X-ray holdings.     

中低Z材料辐射烧蚀实验研究

 在星光Ⅱ激光装置上,利用波长为0.35μm的激光注入柱腔金箔靶产生的金箔后向X光作源,烧蚀中低Z样品材料,通过空间分辨测量靶源区和样品自发辐射X光的时间过程获得了中Z铝材料的辐射烧穿时间结果;在北京同步辐射源上对透射光栅进行了实验标定。     

Review on applications of synchrotron-based X-ray techniques in materials characterization

Synchrotron radiation (SR), as a result of its high-intensity, brilliant, monochromatic, and collimated beams, is becoming one of the most crucial components of research in various fields of materials science such as nanomaterials, biomaterials, and energy materials. SR-based characterization methods can be employed to analyze different systems such as powders, thin films, and bulk forms having complex crystalline or amorphous structures. In this review, peculiarities of SR are briefly explained. Moreover, various techniques carried out utilizing this instrument for material characterization such as X-ray powder diffraction, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, small/wide-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, different techniques of X-ray imaging, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray microprobes/nanoprobes are presented. As a result, by shedding light on the advantages of SR and its superiority to the equivalent laboratory experiments, researchers are recommended to exploit the capabilities of this invaluable tool in their materials characterization.     

Refraction effect of scattered X-ray fluorescence at surface

The angular distribution of X-ray fluorescence shows anisotropic radiation. We proved that the origin of the anisotropic radiation is X-ray refraction by using a scattered X-ray fluorescence model. Utilizing the refraction effect of X-ray fluorescence, we can obtain much information: for example, surface density, chemical condition, surface roughness, and particle diameter of element, as a new tool of studying surfaces and interfaces. We introduce a new X-ray dispersive system utilizing X-ray refraction.     

X射线在近代物理实验中的应用

基于德国莱宝公司研制的X射线实验系统,对X射线的特殊性能作了详细的分析和例证.结合5个典型的近代物理实验例子,表明X射线作为一种电磁波,具有与其他物质无可比拟的优越性,在实验中引入X射线能体现科研引导型物理教学.     

X射线相衬成像

本文介绍了近年来X射线位相衬度成像技术的发展状况，详细论述了X射线干涉相衬、衍射增强相衬，类同轴相衬和数字位相重构等几种典型的成像原理，讨论了影响成像衬度与分辨率的若干因素，并对位相成像的发展趋势作了展望。     

同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究

基于北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)开展了同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术(CT)研究.利用北京同步辐射的14 keV单色X射线作为光源,以高分辨能力的X射线胶片作为探测器,分别开展吸收衬度和同轴相位衬度成像的比较研究以及相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究.相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建采用Bronnikov提出的算法.结果显示,与传统的吸收衬度图像相比,相位衬度图像具有更好的衬度和更高的空间分辨力;实验获得人工样品和蝗虫的相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建图像.重建图像中可见样品的一些结构细节.实验结果表明,相位衬度X射线成像更适合于研究弱吸收或吸收差异很小的材料;利用北京同步辐射开展同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究是可行的.