基于扭曲向列液晶空间光调制器的矢量光生成

基于扭曲向列型液晶空间光调制器的旋光特性, 根据空间光调制器所加电压和加载相位与旋光角度的对应关系, 设计了可以生成多种涡旋矢量光的通用光路. 利用该原理和光路系统, 在实验上生成了多种携带轴对称相位的矢量光以及图案般复杂的矢量光, 观察和检测了它们的偏振特性, 获得了较好的实验结果. 并且模拟了具有涡旋相位的矢量光的紧聚焦场, 分析了它们的紧聚焦特性. 由于这种生成矢量光的方法光路装置简单、操作容易, 产生矢量光的过程中几乎不损失能量, 并且不存在聚焦过程, 因此在如强激光矢量光束与物质相互作用、激光加速等方面具有重要的应用潜力.     

激光显示照明光路中复眼透镜的设计

设计激光投影机光学系统需要从如何减小光学系统的体积和提高激光光源的光效两个方面考虑。研究了激光显示照明系统中的复眼透镜,并对设计的复眼小透镜矩形单元进行了优化,发现在复眼透镜整体尺寸和单颗复眼小透镜焦距一定的情况下,整个复眼透镜上的阵列越多,即复眼透镜上蜂窝的数量越多,其匀光效果就越好,且此时投影机系统的体积也较小。为了提高激光光源的光效,设计中对复眼透镜在不同数值孔径照明光束下的匀光效果进行了讨论。并对优化设计后的复眼透镜进行40 000条光线追迹,实验显示其光线透过率可以达到92.5%,且几乎无杂散光。     

Generation of radially polarized beams using spatial light modulator

Radially polarized beams have attracted much attention and found many applications in many optical systems, recently. And generation of radially polarized beams is necessary for experimental research and applications. In this paper, a kind of generation method was proposed. Two beams are obtained by spatial light modulator and pi phase plate, and then interfere to form desirable radially polarized beams. Experimental results show that radially polarized beams are higher property, which shows this kind of interferential generation of radially polarized laser beams work effectively.     

Partially coherent optical waves in random gradient fibres

The excitation characteristics and spatial coherence of partially coherent optical waves in gradient fibres are demonstrated for incident light waves radiated from semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes. Lower modes are efficiently excited in the case of coherent laser beams, while incident waves of low coherence such as lightwaves of LEDs excite higher modes. Pulse propagation of partially coherent optical waves in dispersive gradient fibres is also discussed for random index fluctuations. Mode coupled equations for temporal correlation functions of the electric field that are generalizations of coupled power equations are found. Mode filtering and pulse improvement with a lossy inhomogeneous cladding are described.     

Geometric optics with atomic beams scattered by a detuned laser standing wave

We report on a theoretical and numerical study of the propagation of atomic beams crossing a detuned standing-wave laser beam in the geometric-optics limit. The interplay between the external and internal atomic degrees of freedom is used to manipulate the atomic motion along the light optical axis. By adjusting the atom–laser detuning, we demonstrate how to focus, split, and scatter atomic beams in real experiments. The novel effect of chaotic scattering of atoms on a regular near-resonant standing wave is found numerically and explained qualitatively. Some applications of the effects found are discussed.     

Experimental conditions required to verify the existence of a photon medium

If a scalar field incorporating a photon/environment interaction exists in nature, it should be possible to create a photon medium by focusing intense laser beams either in a vacuum or in a plasma. Such a medium should sustain many of the non-linear optical effects observable in material media. Techniques are proposed for verifying the existence of a photon medium via its effect on both the velocity of light and the scattering of light by light in intense laser beams.     

Method for creating hollow light beams with local intensity minima and possibilities for their application

We propose and experimentally realize methods for forming light beams with local spatial intensity minima of different types (hollow light beams), based on application of specially shaped linear optics phase elements. The fields with local intensity minima, obtained as a result of phase conversion, are comparable with respect to transverse dimensions, power, and intensity gradient to the initial gaussian beam focused by means of a spherical lens. The optical layouts were assembled using photostable optical elements and therefore make it possible to create high-power laser fields suitable not only for manipulation of microparticles but also for laser machining of materials, in particular laser welding of metals. Using a phase element with planar symmetry, we can select the optimal laser beam profile that will ensure no burning on the line of contact between the ends of the parts to be welded for high penetration and will make it possible to achieve the maximum possible strength of the weld joint for a specified laser radiation power.     

Fluctuations of the propagating beam field in a lens waveguide

It is well known that light beams propagated through a turbulent medium such as the atmosphere or the air between optical lenses suffer fluctuations of the field in respect of its amplitude and phase. This paper investigates the fluctuation distributions of a laser beam propagating through a lens waveguide which consists of a sequence of optical lenses placed in a randomly inhomogeneous medium. By using a Rytov approximation approach, the mean-square values of fluctuations are obtained in terms of log-amplitude and phase of the beam field. The results show that as the light beam propagates through the lens waveguide, the mean-square fluctuations increase with periodic variations corresponding to a period of lens spacing and that a singular phenomenon of fluctuation reduction at each focus of the beam is evident at larger beam spot sizes.     

Shaping super-Gaussian beam through digital micro-mirror device

We have set up a novel system for shaping the Gaussian laser beams into super-Gaussian beams.The digital micro-mirror device(DMD)is able to modulate the laser light spatially through binary-amplitude modulation mechanism.With DMD,the irradiance of the laser beam can be redistributed flexibly and various beams with different intensity distribution can be produced.A super-Gaussian beam has been successfully shaped from the Gaussian beam with the use of DMD.This technique will be widely applied in lithography,quantum emulation and holographic optical tweezers which require precise control of beam profile.     

Multi-wavelength laser sensor for intruder detection and discrimination

An intruder detection and discrimination sensor with improved optical design is developed using lasers of different wavelengths to demonstrate the concept of discrimination over a distance of 6 m. A distinctive feature of optics is used to provide additional transverse laser beam scanning. The sample objects used to demonstrate the concept of discrimination over a distance of 6 m are leaf, bark, black fabric, PVC, wood and camouflage material. A camouflage material is chosen to illustrate the discrimination capability of the sensor. The sensor utilizes a five-wavelength laser combination module, which sequentially emits identically-polarized laser light beams along one optical path. A cylindrical quasi-optical cavity with improved optical design generates multiple laser light beams for each laser. The intensities of the reflected light beams from the different spots are detected using a high speed area scan image sensor. Object discrimination and detection is based on analyzing the Gaussian profile of reflected light at the different wavelengths. The discrimination between selected objects is accomplished by calculating four different slopes from the objects' reflectance spectra at the wavelengths 473 nm, 532 nm, 635 nm, 670 nm and 785 nm. Furthermore, the camouflage material, which has complex patterns within a single sample, is also detected and discriminated over a 6 m range by scanning the laser beam spots along the transverse direction.     

Waveguides formed by incoherent dark solitons

We demonstrate experimentally optical guidance of coherent light beams, using incoherent light. Such guidance is made possible by generation of partially spatially incoherent self-trapped dark beams (dark incoherent solitons) in a noninstantaneous nonlinear medium. In the one-dimensional case, the incoherent solitons induce single and Y-junction planar waveguides, whereas in the two-dimensional case, they form circular waveguides. These experiments introduce the possibility of controlling high-power laser beams with low-power incoherent light sources such as LED's or lightbulbs.     

基于神光Ⅱ的激光黑腔靶全孔径背反散射光信号

介绍了神光Ⅱ装置激光黑腔靶实验中全孔径背反系统的工作原理,分析了激光靶耦合背反系统对散射光的收集情况,发现打靶产生的散射光完全进入背反收光系统,同时,8路激光对穿打靶时全孔径背反系统中存在杂散背景光。采用场图感光纸结合滤光片的方式对杂散背景光成分进行了分析,结果表明,杂散光的成分为打靶激光倍频过程中剩余的部分二倍频和基频光。在北4路激光注入打靶时,用南4路全孔径背反系统的能量测量系统对南4路背反系统中的杂散光进行了监测,显示杂散光对背反系统SRS能量测量的影响约为15%。     

非线性光学材料倍频效应测试系统研究

开展了一种红外和可见波段非线性光学性能测试研究。该研究基于二阶非线性光学原理, 结合光电信号探测技术, 提出了一种采用红外OPO激光以及把倍频光及其他光效应产生的光通过谱仪分光并结合CCD阵列探测器加以区分探测的新检测方案。主要解决了测试使用1 064 nm光源时, 材料的倍频信号532 nm被样品吸收后而探测不到倍频信号的缺点, 以及准确测量了倍频信号强度, 排除了其他光学效应产生的噪声干扰。其特点是采用1 064和1 905 nm的双波长激光替代单一波长的激光源, 该方案能适用于可见和红外非线性材料光学性能的测试。研究工作包括测试系统组成, 工作原理和测试方法, 并给出了采用本方法测试KTP, KDP, AGS以及几种新的红外非线性材料的实验结果, 并且发现了几种有前途的非线性光学晶体材料。研究结果表明本方法具有稳定可靠、判别精度高、操作简单等优点, 可以有效地定性或半定量测试材料的可见-红外非线性光学性能, 为研究可见、红外乃至紫外二阶非线性光学材料提供重要的测试手段。     

Laser beam alignment by fast feedback control of both linear and angular drifts

A new way to enhance the directional stability of laser beams with alternating intensity by fast feedback control of both linear and angular drifts has been proposed for alignment of laser beams at higher accuracy. Both linear and angular drifts of laser beams, processed through light intensity modulation and primary alignment using single-mode optical fiber (SMOF), are separated using light path arrangement and detected using phase-lock technique, and are controlled using fast feedback control mechanisms according to their detected magnitudes, so that both linear and angular drifts are suppressed to enhance the directional stability of the emitting laser beams. Theoretical analyses and preliminary experimental results indicate that the approach proposed can be used to achieve an alignment accuracy of more than 10⁻⁸ rad.     

Optical Implementation of CMOS/SEED Optoelectronic Integrated Crossbar Interconnection Network

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Optical Implementation of CMOS/SEED Optoelectronic Integrated Crossbar Interconnection Network

An optical implementation of CMOS/SEED optoelectronic integrated crossbar interconnection network is reported. The CMOS/SEED smart pixel arrays with O/E light windows are used as logical controlling switch nodes. High/lower modulating ratio of the output light density is about 1.4. The light beam is supplied by a 0.85 μm semiconductor laser diode. 8×2 spot arrays formed by a computer-generated phase grating are used as the pumping light beams for CMOS/SEED light modulators. High-precision 2-D optical fiber bundle arrays are used as the I/O access devices. 16×16 optical crossbar interconnection network is realized using our experimental setup. It is easy to couple with CMOS/SEED smart pixel arrays by using 2-D optical fiber bundle arrays as the I/O access devices. Compact in comparison with other optical interconnection systems.     

高效产生任意矢量光场的一种方法

提出一种高效产生任意矢量光场的方法.利用两个光束偏移器分别对两个正交线偏振分量进行分束与合束,将传统激光模式转化为任意矢量光场.所产生矢量光场的偏振态和相位分布通过相位型空间光调制器(SLM)加载相应的相位实时调控.由于光路系统中不涉及任何衍射光学元件和振幅分光元件,光场转换效率高,仅取决于SLM的反射率,并且光路系统结构紧凑、稳定,同轴性易于调节.实验结果显示,采用反射率为79%的相位型SLM产生矢量光场的转换效率可达到58%.     

激光等离子体受激Raman散射光谱的时间分辨测量

采用光学多道谱仪和光学条纹相机耦合,组成时间分辨的Raman散射光谱测量系统,可实现0.5nm的光谱分辨和好于10ps的时间分辨。采用该测量系统,在神光Ⅱ装置上开展了脉宽1ns、波长351nm的激光与两种不同尺寸柱腔靶相互作用的物理实验,获得了时间分辨的SRS光谱实验结果。研究表明,SRS光谱在时间上相对于入射激光有一定的延迟,腔靶尺寸减小时,延迟时间随之减小。通过长、短波截止波长分析电子密度方法,计算得出了Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型腔靶SRS散射光最短波长光谱发生的密度区分别为0.069nc和0.027nc。     

环镜对激光束变换的理论分析与实验

介绍一种新型的光学元件，它可把一束激光变换成一个两维的激光平面。本文用多光束干涉的原理解释了光平面形成的原理，同时对应用前景及实用情况也作了一些估计     

三光束激光干涉光刻的实现方法

分析了多光束空间分布产生的误差对图形的影响,通过计算优化得到三光束产生的干涉图形在整个面内有着更好的图形稳定性。利用氦镉激光光源通过特定的光学系统形成空间分布近似旋转对称的三束光, 对光致抗蚀剂进行干涉曝光,制作出了周期600 nm、高度350 nm的蜂窝状点阵,测量结果表明该系统具有很好的图形重复性和稳定性,同时降低了对于光学光路的精密性要求。