多孔硅表面缺陷光子晶体的传感模型及特性

提出了多孔硅表面缺陷光子晶体结构,引入多孔硅敏感层及吸收介质层形成表面缺陷腔,利用多孔硅高效的承载机制,将其作为待测样本的传感区域;由于吸收介质Zn S对谐振波长的吸收,可在反射光谱中获得与谐振波长对应的缺陷峰。以多孔硅的厚度为被优化变量,利用反向传播神经网络进行结构参数优化获得多孔硅的厚度最优值。由Goos-H?nchen位移建立待测样本浓度与缺陷峰波长的关系模型,进而对该结构进行传感特性分析。结果表明,优化结构参数后,缺陷峰对应的反射率由31.23%下降到0.00129%,其Q值可达1537.37。在传感特性研究中,每1%质量分数的灵敏度为2.5 nm。该表面缺陷光子晶体传感结构可为样本浓度、组分等信息的监测提供一定的理论参考。     

含吸收介质的光子晶体法布里-珀罗异质结构的传感特性研究

结合光子晶体的缺陷模式和表面模式特性,提出了一种含吸收介质的光子晶体法布里-珀罗异质结构。该结构由周期性光子晶体、待测样本和外部空气层共同组成,将待测样本直接作为表面缺陷腔。基于光学谐振原理和表面波理论,分析了所提结构的折射率传感机理。讨论了不同吸收介质对所提结构光谱特性的影响。将石墨烯作为吸收介质时,传感结构的品质因子(Q值)明显高于将硫化锌、氧化铝和金属银作为吸收介质的情况;将样本层作为表面缺陷腔,通过光学Tamm态谐振,可实现多次全反射衰荡,使谐振光信号和待测样本充分作用,从而提高了该结构的传感灵敏度。所提结构的Q值为2097.18,灵敏度为1017.98nm/RIU。研究结果对实现待测物的高Q值和高灵敏度检测具有一定的理论参考价值。     

基于倏逝波谐振的空气栅光子晶体F-P腔折射率传感特性研究

基于倏逝波理论和光学谐振原理,研究了倏逝波在光子晶体中的存在形式及空气栅光子晶体F-P腔的折射率传感机理,并建立谐振波长与待测气体折射率的关系模型。当入射光以大于全反射临界角的角度入射到光子晶体中,由于倏逝波的作用,在中心介质层形成F-P腔并产生谐振,电磁场被局部增强,与待测气体充分作用,从而使该传感结构对待测气体的折射率具有较高的敏感性。利用传输矩阵理论进行数值模拟,结果表明,折射率传感的Q值可达3447.0,灵敏度可达1260.0 nm/RIU,证明该光子晶体F-P腔折射率传感结构具有很好的传感特性,可为高精度气体折射率传感器的设计与应用提供一定的理论参考。     

一维镜像空气栅光子晶体折射率传感特性研究

基于光子晶体的局域特性,提出一维镜像空气栅光子晶体结构。引入镜像结构在光子晶体中间形成缺陷腔,从而在透射谱禁带中得到谐振透射峰。基于传输矩阵法,建立谐振波长与光子晶体结构参数之间的关系模型。通过观测谐振透射峰值波长的漂移,利用矩形空气栅光子晶体结构即可实现待测气体样本参数的动态监测。以甲醛为待测样本,对该折射率传感器的Q值和灵敏度进行分析。结果表明,其Q值可达1739.48,其灵敏度可达816.67nm·RIU-1(RIU表示单位折射率),证明了结构设计的有效性。该结构可为空气污染监测和气体组分分析等方面提供一定的理论参考。     

光子晶体微腔温度响应特性研究

利用平面波展开法对由硅(Si)介质柱构成的二维正方晶格光子晶体在TM模式下的能带进行计算。构造了光子晶体微腔,利用时域有限差分法对该光子晶体微腔的谐振特性进行了数值模拟,得到了缺陷态模场分布。考虑硅的热膨胀效应和热光效应对硅性质的影响,引入到光子晶体微腔谐振模式的计算中,模拟计算了微腔谐振波长随温度的变化关系。结果表明,随着温度的升高光子晶体微腔的谐振波长增大,温度每升高1℃,波长向长波漂移6.7pm,而且具有良好的线性。光子晶体微腔的这种特性可以用于温度传感,具有一定的实用意义。     

红外波段光子晶体线性折射率传感器设计

基于传输矩阵理论和光学谐振原理,研究了含敏感空气缺陷层的一维光子晶体谐振腔的谐振特性,建立起敏感气体折射率变与红外波段谐振峰波长之间的线性变化关系。设计了基于红外波段光子晶体谐振腔的线性折射率传感器,利用MATLAB软件数值模拟,得到线性传感器的半峰带宽小到3nm左右、Q值可达到1400、敏感度可达1070nm/RIU。在光谱仪的分辨率为0.01nm时,传感器的分辨率可达9.35×10-6 RIU。结果表明,基于光子晶体结构的折射率传感器,具有良好的线性特性、高的灵敏度以及高Q值等特点,可为气体折射率检测提供一定的理论参考。     

二维点缺陷正方光子晶体的微腔结构

通过平面波展开法对由Al₂O₃介质棒在空气背景介质中构成含有点缺陷的二维正方光子晶体微腔结构进行研究,计算得出缺陷态能带以及缺陷态模场分布。缺陷模对应的电磁波波长为470~476nm。对该微腔结构的品质因数的求解,得出缺陷态光谱曲线。在光谱曲线中,随着传输波长的增大,将产生几个峰值,并且在475nm处的波动最为明显,反映出在475nm附近的电磁波段在缺陷处的光强较大。进一步利用全矢量等效折射率法研究该结构缺陷模频率的稳定性,得出等效折射率的变化曲线。从等效折射率变化曲线可以看出,当传输波长达到475nm时,该结构已经达到稳定传输的区域。含缺陷模的二维光子晶体微腔结构在光子晶体发光二极管以及高阈值半导体激光器等方面有着重要的应用价值。     

二维点缺陷三角晶格光子晶体的微腔结构

通过平面波展开法对二维点缺陷三角晶格光子晶体的微腔结构进行研究,计算得出其色散图以及缺陷模分布.结果表明:缺陷模波长与微腔谐振波长基本吻合.利用FDTD模拟谐振波长波段的电磁波在光子晶体中传播的动态演化过程,并计算出局域模的空间分布图.最后在有规律地改变缺陷周围介质柱半径的情况下实现谐振中心波长的可调性.     

光子晶体微腔稀疏波分解复用器的设计与模拟

针对城域网与接入网对稀疏波分复用系统的应用需求,提出了一种基于光子晶体微腔的稀疏波分解复用器.利用平面波展开法计算了二维正方晶格圆柱形硅介质柱型光子晶体的带隙,在此基础上,引入五点缺陷构造了光子晶体微腔,并用时域有限差分法系统分析了微腔共振波长与缺陷介质柱半径及折射率的关系,理论上设计了一种符合ITU G.694.2标准的四信道解复用器.结合Rsoft软件的仿真分析,结果表明:五点缺陷微腔共振波长与缺陷介质柱半径呈非线性关系,与缺陷介质柱折射率差呈线性关系,解复用器四信道的中心波长接近目标波长,峰值半高全宽均小于5.7nm,串扰均在-15.66dB以下,输出谱相对强度均大于90%,输出功率均衡,为解复用器的深入研究提供了理论基础.     

多系双局域态光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性分析

利用紧束缚方法分析了双局域态光子晶体产生双缺陷模的机理, 采用传输矩阵法研究了一维光子晶体的光学传输特性, 并得到了透射谱与晶体结构参数的关系, 在此基础上讨论了光子晶体在受到单轴应力时所表现出的介观压光效应, 据此设计了一种结构简单的应力调制的近红外波段的多通道滤波结构.通过数值模拟可以看出, 随着各介质层折射率或厚度的增加, 缺陷模发生红移.当对多系双局域态光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力时, 各缺陷峰都向长波长移动, 且缺陷峰峰值基本不变.经过数值拟合, 缺陷峰中心波长与对光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力所产生的应变呈线性关系.该滤波器结构简单、可调谐性好, 在一系列精巧的光子晶体激光器、波分复用器或者其他精密仪器的制造中有一定的应用价值.     

High sensitivity and ultra-compact optical biosensor for detection of UREA concentration

In this paper, we suggest two-dimensional photonic crystal based biosensors for measurement of urea concentration in urine by means of refractive index detecting. In case of variation of urea concentration in urine, both the output peak intensity and the resonant peak center wavelength will shift. Two different structure dimensions are used to analyze the sensing characteristics of urine. The first sensor consists of a novel square ring joined to a simple waveguide with rods in air configuration. The second sensor is schemed by use of two-dimensional photonic crystals based on air hole in slab with elliptical resonant cavity in the middle of a photonic crystal waveguide. To realize sensing in both cases, we fill air area by urine sample. A high sensitivity is observed in small structures. In addition, we demonstrated a high quality factor, which is superior to those reported in recently published work discussing urine components based on photonic crystal, with small size sensors and fast response times.     

光子晶体对nc-Ge/Si岛发光增强的模拟

在Si基集成光电子学的发展中,高效的Si基光源是人们不懈追求的目标。但是Si材料的间接带隙特性导致其发光效率低,更谈不上受激发射。于是人们探索了多种Si基材料体系来提高Si材料的发光效率,并在不同程度上取得了重要的进展。在众多的Si基发光材料体系中,Ge/Si量子点材料,不仅生长工艺与标准的CMOS工艺有很好的兼容性,而且发光波长能够覆盖重要的光通信波段即1.3~1.55μm,因此成为实现Si基发光器件的重要途径之一。但是目前这种材料的发光效率仍很低,所以提高其发光效率自然成为人们关注的焦点。如果将光子晶体引入到nc-Ge/Si材料中,它不仅可以改变材料本身的自发发射特性,而且可以改变发射的光子的提取效率,从而使材料的发光效率得到增强。提出了在Ge/Si量子点材料中引入光子晶体结构来提高其发光效率,包括光子晶体点缺陷腔结构和带边模式工作的完整光子晶体结构,并从理论上分析了发光效率提高的原理。针对发光波长在1.5μm附近的材料结构,模拟出了相应的光子晶体的结构参数。从模拟结果可以看出,对于缺陷腔的光子晶体结构,采用单点缺陷微腔很好地实现了单模运作,但是微腔内有源材料的体积很小,因此得到的发光效率很低。而采用耦合缺陷腔的结构和H₂腔都增加了腔内有源区的体积。但是耦合腔与H₂腔相比,谐振腔模减少,主谐振模式的峰值强度增加,更容易实现单模发光。因而更适用于提高nc-Ge/Si的发光效率。而带边模式工作的光子晶体结构,尺寸较大,不需引入缺陷,工艺上更容易实现。     

Theoretical study of light localization in photonic bandgaps of organic octagonal quasiperiodic photonic crystal slabs

Based on the polystyrene material of low refractive index, light localization in photonic bandgaps of two kinds of 2D octagonal quasiperiodic photonic crystal slabs are investigated in theory, including the air-rod polystyrene slab and polystyrene-rod slab. The properties of bandgaps and localized modes in both two defect-free patterns are analyzed in detail. When a single-point defect is introduced into two quasiperiodic structures, the position of emerging defect modes and the red-shifting of resonant modes in wavelength are observed quite differently when the defect microcavity is increased in size. This difference is caused by the competition of two physical mechanisms, which are the effect of defect energy levels caused by defects introduced into photonic crystals and the resonance of modes in the defect cavity. These results will provide theoretical support for experimental fabrication of organic light-emitting quasiperiodic photonic crystal devices.     

Surface Tamm states in a photonic crystal slab with asymmetric termination

The reflection and transmission spectra of a finite thickness 2D photonic crystal slab (PCS) based on macroporous silicon are investigated. Periodic photonic crystal region is separated from air by homogeneous silicon interfacial layers. These interfacial layers at the silicon/air boundary being defects of the photonic crystal lattice, define the properties of surface Tamm states in the photonic stop‐bands (PSBs). It is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that the reflection spectra of a structure with different thicknesses of the interfacial layers on both sides of the PCS depend on the illuminated side. At the same time, the transmission spectra are identical for both light directions in agreement with the reciprocity principle. Analysis shows that the dependence of the reflection spectrum on the side of light entrance is due to scattering losses in the real structure. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于椭球封闭空气腔的光纤复合法布里-珀罗结构折射率传感特性研究

提出了基于微椭球型空气腔的在线型光纤复合法布里-珀罗干涉结构,并对其折射率传感特性进行了研究.椭球型空气微腔是利用光纤熔接机对实芯光子晶体光纤和单模光纤以特定的熔接参数熔接形成.用高斯光束模型和ABCD法则分析了椭球型空气腔的腔内损耗,建立了电磁场在复合法布里-珀罗干涉结构中传播的物理模型.根据腔长比值的不同,环境折射率对干涉条纹的影响有对比度调制和波长调制,主要研究了一种波长调制型复合法布里-珀罗结构折射率传感器.仿真结果表明该折射率传感器在1—1.6范围内不出现折射率转折点;实验结果表明在1.333—1.466范围内,折射率灵敏度～37.088 nm·RIU-1,分辨率约为2.69×10-5.该光纤复合法布里-珀罗结构干涉条纹对比度高、体积小、成本低,用于折射率测量可靠性高、分辨率高、无折射率拐点、温度串扰小.     

一维掺杂光子晶体缺陷模的共振理论

为了得到一维掺杂光子晶体的共振理论,建立了一维掺杂光子晶体的谐振腔模型,利用谐振腔的共振条件推导出缺陷模频率满足的解析公式,从理论上解释了产生一维掺杂光子晶体缺陷模的物理机理.利用频率的解析公式对缺陷模的频率随入射角、杂质光学厚度以及杂质折射率的变化规律进行了研究,解释了一维掺杂光子晶体缺陷模的变化规律.与特征矩阵法的计算结果相比,其结果完全吻合,从而证明了共振理论的正确性,弥补了一维光子晶体研究中数值计算方法的不足.     

一维掺杂光子晶体缺陷模的共振理论

为了得到一维掺杂光子晶体的共振理论,建立了一维掺杂光子晶体的谐振腔模型,利用谐振腔的共振条件推导出缺陷模频率满足的解析公式,从理论上解释了产生一维掺杂光子晶体缺陷模的物理机理.利用频率的解析公式对缺陷模的频率随入射角、杂质光学厚度以及杂质折射率的变化规律进行了研究,解释了一维掺杂光子晶体缺陷模的变化规律.与特征矩阵法的计算结果相比,其结果完全吻合,从而证明了共振理论的正确性,弥补了一维光子晶体研究中数值计算方法的不足.     

Fano resonance sensing based on coupled sub-wavelength dielectric grating and periodic photonic crystal

Based on the diffraction effect of sub-wavelength dielectric grating and the optical property of periodic photonic crystal, a hybrid structure of sub-wavelength grating all-dielectric multilayer thin film containing periodic photonic crystal is proposed. The transmission property of the structure is simulated by finite element method (FEM). The result shows that the discrete state generated by the sub-wavelength waveguide grating will be coupled with the continuous state generated by the photonic crystal cavity and the Fano resonance can be formed. The Fano resonance sensing model based on structural parameters and resonance wavelength are established, the influence of structural parameters on the Fano resonance spectral curve is quantitatively analyzed by numerical simulations, and the dynamic detection of the refractive index of samples is realized. The above structure can realize the optical refractive index sensing with high figure of merit (FOM) value and provide an effective theoretical reference for the formation of Fano resonance in the all-dielectric hybrid structure.     

Optical Tamm states at the interface between a photonic crystal and a nanocomposite with resonance dispersion

Optical Tamm states localized at the edges of a photonic crystal bounded from one or both sides by a nanocomposite have been studied. The nanocomposite consists of metallic nanoinclusions, which have a spherical or orientationally ordered spheroidal shape and are dispersed in a transparent matrix, and is characterized by the resonant effective permittivity. The transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra have been calculated for waves with longitudinal and transverse polarizations in such structures at the normal incidence of light. The spectral manifestation of Tamm states that is due to the existence of negative values of the real part of the effective permittivity has been analyzed for the visible spectral range. It has been established that the characteristics of Tamm states localized at the edge of the photonic crystal depend strongly both on the concentration of nanoballs in the nanocomposite film and on its thickness. Modes formed by two coupled Tamm plasmon polaritons localized at the edges of the photonic crystal adjacent to two nanocomposite layers have been examined. It has been shown that, in the case of the anisotropic nanocomposite layer adjacent to the photonic crystal, each of two orthogonal polarizations of the incident wave corresponds to a specific frequency of the Tamm state localized at the edge; owing to this property, the transmission spectra of such a structure are polarization sensitive.     

Ultracompact biochemical sensor built with two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity

We report an experimental demonstration of an ultracompact biochemical sensor based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity. The microcavity, fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate, is designed to have a resonant wavelength (lambda) near 1.5 microm. The transmission spectrum of the sensor is measured with different ambient refractive indices ranging from n = 1.0 to n = 1.5. From observation of the shift in resonant wavelength, a change in ambient refractive index of delta(n) = 0.002 is readily apparent. The correspondence between absolute refractive index and resonant wavelength agrees with numerical calculation to within 4% accuracy. The evaporation of water in a 5% glycerol mixture is also used to demonstrate the capability for in situ time-resolved sensing.