直升机旋翼三维动态变形测量与可视化分析

针对直升机旋翼动载荷飞行试验测试需求,提出一种直升机旋翼三维动态变形测量与可视化分析方法。首先,根据直升机旋翼的结构特点和高速旋转特性,设计了以一组双目高清摄像头为核心的旋翼动态变形影像测量与监控及分析系统;其次,基于双目立体视觉测量理论,论述了测量系统标定、实时单点变形测量、散斑影像匹配、旋翼表面三维重建与三维动态变形可视化分析原理/方法;最后,在地面进行了模拟实测环境的仿真试验,实现了试验系统搭建、试验数据采集、处理与分析。试验结果证明,该方法可获得最大误差优于4 mm的定位测量精度,能很好地实现直升机旋翼三维动态变形测量,为飞行试验旋翼载荷测试数据分析等提供直观、可靠的数据与技术支撑。     

基于气象因素的集中供热系统热负荷预测研究

为了解决直升机旋翼伺服作动器维修保障过程中训练资源有限,拆装难度高,故障率较高且难以确定故障点等难题,在直升机虚拟维修训练系统(VMTS, Virtual Maintenance Training System)的基础上,提出了应用虚拟仪器检测,确定故障点的直升机故障诊断可视化设计方法。分析了故障诊断过程中仪器、工具、环境等对故障诊断的影响,实现了动态的建立仿真模型和数据处理。通过虚拟仪器和推理机的功能配合,解决了直升机维护中复杂多变的故障诊断难题,形成一个逻辑推理能力强的故障诊断系统。最后以直升机旋翼伺服作动器故障诊断为例,验证该方法的可行性。     

亚音主旋翼的噪声预测和声隐身分析

本文介绍了基于FW-H方程的亚音主旋翼噪声预测方法,并在螺桨噪声预测程序基础上发展了主旋翼噪声预测程序。本文采用商用CFD软件FINE／TURBO模拟直升机旋翼流场,为噪声预测程序提供所需要的桨叶表面载荷,并用算例验证了载荷数据的准确性和噪声预测程序的有效性。本文计算和讨论了亚音悬停条件下的辐射噪声,并重点分析了不同形状桨叶对辐射噪声的影响,结果表明采用合理的薄翼型叶尖、尖削叶尖及线性扭转桨叶都可以降低辐射噪声,为通过改变桨叶形状降低旋翼辐射噪声提供了合理途径。     

基于VMTS的旋翼伺服作动器故障诊断过程可视化

为了解决直升机旋翼伺服作动器维修保障过程中训练资源有限,拆装难度高,故障率较高且难以确定故障点等难题,在直升机虚拟维修训练系统(VMTS, virtual maintenance training system)的基础上,提出了应用虚拟仪器检测,确定故障点的直升机故障诊断可视化设计方法;分析了故障诊断过程中仪器、工具、环境等对故障诊断的影响,实现了动态的建立仿真模型和数据处理;通过虚拟仪器和推理机的功能配合,解决了直升机维护中复杂多变的故障诊断难题,形成一个逻辑推理能力强的故障诊断系统;最后以直升机旋翼伺服作动器故障诊断为例,验证该方法的可行性。     

典型大数据仓库-飞行试验数据仓库设计

在现代数据仓库技术思想的指导下,围绕试飞数据的非结构化大数据的特点,面向型号工程对试飞数据的统一管理和高效处理需求,分别针对试飞大数据的粒度描述和综合管理,设计了飞行试验元数据标准和特有的基于二进制文件的数据库管理服务,解决了飞行试验数据仓库设计中结构化与非结构化大数据的统一维度建模和数据关系维护的关键技术问题,为基于数据仓库的试飞大数据在线管理与分析系统的建立提供了基础,满足了型号工程对试飞数据的高效分析需求。     

多普勒频移修正在测定直升机飞行噪声固有频率中的应用

对于噪声信号采集系统采集的某型直升机的飞行噪声信号,提出了结合机载GPS数据,进行多普勒频移修正,然后叠加多个多普勒频移修正结果,以得到直升机旋翼、尾桨和减速器噪声固有频率的新方法,可以大大减小单次多普勒频移修正的误差。这种方法为确定飞行器飞行噪声固有频率提供了有效的途径。     

直升机旋翼挥舞、摆振的激光动态测试系统

提出一种直升机旋翼挥舞、摆振角的动态测试系统。在直升机桨毂安装与旋翼同步旋转的三叉件 ,每个三叉件悬臂上装有光学三角位移传感器和线阵 CCD位移传感器 ,实现了动态测量直升机旋翼桨叶的挥舞和摆振角。为保证系统在恶劣条件下正常工作 ,系统采用了加装干涉滤光片、L D调制技术和自动增益控制电路等一系列技术措施。最后给出了实验结果。由位移 -角度转换和传感器自身的非线性引起的误差用若干静态标定点为节点插值的方法修正。得到较高精度的测试曲线     

三倾转旋翼无人机直升机模式建模与控制研究

针对一种新型三旋翼构型的倾转旋翼无人机的直升机模式控制问题进行研究,采用牛顿欧拉法对这种新型三旋翼构型的倾转旋翼无人机直升机模式进行了详细的动力学建模分析,建立了该无人机悬停模式6自由度非线性模型;在对该模型进行线性化的基础上,设计了这种三倾转旋翼无人机直升机模式下的高度、俯仰通道、滚转通道以及偏航通道的PID控制器,并在Matlab/Simlink环境下建立其仿真模型,对所设计的控制算法进行验证;实验结果表明,所设计的控制器能够满足系统的控制性能要求。     

直升机模型旋翼声学试验声信号分析中的抑噪方法研究

将直升机模型旋翼在消声室中进行声学性能测试是研究直升机旋翼噪声特性的一种最有效最直接的方式;在直升机模型旋翼消声室试验中,发现传声器采集到的围绕170 Hz特征频率分布的频带极窄的旋翼声信号上叠加有宽频无用噪声;试验中采集到的声信号信噪比与总距角大小成正比,小总距角时声信号信噪比较小,无用信号成分会掩盖声信号真实信息,必须采用高效的方法去除无用成分并同时最大可能不损坏需要成分;模型旋翼声信号中各成分频带分布不同,信号自相关长度与其分布频带有关,文章指出可以根据信号中各成分之间自相关长度的差异性采用自适应线性预测器把所需信号成分预测分离出来;通过分别对比在总距为0°、6°、10°时声信号与各自处理结果,表明叠加在信号上的无用成分被成功滤除,信号质量得到明显改善。     

基于无人机遥感的不同施氮水稻光谱与植被指数分析

卫星遥感空间分辨率低且易受大气、云层、雨雪等因素的影响。本文使用共轴十二旋翼无人机搭载光谱仪构成农情遥感系统。首先,给出自主设计的无人机结构和飞行控制系统,围绕飞行平台、控制系统、遥感载荷构建了多环节数据备份的无人机遥感数据采集系统;然后,试验测试4种施氮水平水稻的光谱指数变化规律;最后,通过试验数据分析可得:在可见光区水稻冠层光谱反射率随氮素水平增加而减小,在近红外区,光谱反射率一开始随氮素水平增加而增大,但氮素水平增大到一定程度后再增加氮素导致反射率降低。在4种氮素水平下,水稻植被指数RVI和NDVI由分蘖期到拔节期先增大,然后至抽穗期又逐渐减小,且抽穗期RVI和NDVI值小于其分蘖期RVI和NDVI值。试验表明以多旋翼无人机为平台搭载光谱仪器构成农情遥感监测系统用于反演作物植被指数方面是可行的。本文设计的无人机遥感数据采集系统能够有效、实时获取遥感信息,其获取的高空间分辨率和光谱分辨率的农田实时信息能够为作物长势的分析、健康状况的监测提供必要的数据支持。     

一种直升机旋翼试飞测试系统设计与实现

针对语音信号中存在加性噪声使MFCC的鲁棒性和识别系统的性能下降的问题,基本谱减法的引入在增强MFCC抗噪性上取得的效果有限,为了使MFCC具有更好的抗噪性,提出了一种改进算法,在谱减法的基础上引入谱熵的思想,利用谱熵值的分布逐帧进行噪声估计,可更精确地谱减去噪。实验结果表明,当语音中含有加性噪声时,与基本谱减法相比,改进谱减法的说话人识别系统抗噪性与鲁棒性更好。     

Effect of phase angle on multibladed rotor flutter

A theoretical technique for predicting the flutter characteristics of a helicopter rotor is presented. The effect of phase angle on flutter speed of a two-bladed rotor in hovering and axial flight is determined. For this purpose, a uniform and untwisted rotor blade with coupled flapwise bending and torsional degrees of freedom is considered. The transmission matrix method is used to obtain the natural vibration characteristics of the system. An unsteady aerodynamic theory is used to obtain the aerodynamic loading in compressible flow.     

基于CEM的故障字典诊断模型的建立与XML描述

飞行场景仿真测试是目标特征捕获系统研制过程的重要组成部分,针对目标特征捕获系统模拟飞行场景仿真对场景图像显示的实时性以及数据传输高速率等挑战,本文提出了一种应用于飞行场景仿真的高速图像注入模块设计方案：以FPGA为核心器件,控制USB 3.0接口与LVDS总线实现图像的高速传输,利用FPGA进行图像转换提高图像显示的实时性,并采用基于乒乓操作的双缓存结构保证数据传输的连续性。实验结果表明,该模块在实现1.4Gbps图像传输速率的同时,保证了图像显示实时性与传输正确性。     

Helicopter noise in hover: Computational modelling and experimental validation

The aeroacoustic characteristics of a helicopter rotor are calculated by a new method, to assess its applicability in assessing rotor performance in hovering. Direct solution of the Euler equations in a noninertial coordinate system is used to calculate the near-field flow around the spinning rotor. The far-field noise field is calculated by the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) method using permeable control surfaces that include the blade. For a multiblade rotor, the signal obtained is duplicated and shifted in phase for each successive blade. By that means, the spectral characteristics of the far-field noise may be obtained. To determine the integral aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor, software is written to calculate the thrust and torque characteristics from the near-field flow solution. The results of numerical simulation are compared with experimental acoustic and aerodynamic data for a large-scale model of a helicopter main rotor in an open test facility. Two- and four-blade configurations of the rotor are considered, in different hover conditions. The proposed method satisfactorily predicts the aerodynamic characteristics of the blades in such conditions and gives good estimates for the first harmonics of the noise. That permits the practical use of the proposed method, not only for hovering but also for forward flight.     

OPTIMUM DESIGN OF A HELICOPTER ROTOR FOR LOW VIBRATION USING AEROELASTIC ANALYSIS AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODS

An aeroelastic analysis based on finite elements in space and time is used to model the helicopter rotor in forward flight. The rotor blade is represented as an elastic cantilever beam undergoing flap and lag bending, elastic torsion and axial deformations. The objective of the improved design is to reduce vibratory loads at the rotor hub that are the main source of helicopter vibration. Constraints are imposed on aeroelastic stability, and move limits are imposed on the blade elastic stiffness design variables. Using the aeroelastic analysis, response surface approximations are constructed for the objective function (vibratory hub loads). It is found that second order polynomial response surfaces constructed using the central composite design of the theory of design of experiments adequately represents the aeroelastic model in the vicinity of the baseline design. Optimization results show a reduction in the objective function of about 30 per cent. A key accomplishment of this paper is the decoupling of the analysis problem and the optimization problems using response surface methods, which should encourage the use of optimization methods by the helicopter industry.     

Aeroelastic stability of complete rotors with application to a teetering rotor in forward flight

The derivation of a set of non-linear coupled flap-lag-torsion equations of motion for moderately large deflections of an elastic, two-bladed teetering helicopter rotor in forward flight is concisely outlined. The following degrees of freedom are included in the mathematical model: rigid body flapping, rigid body lead-lag, elastic bending in flap and lead-lag, blade root torsion, and shaft torsion. Quasi-steady aerodynamic loads are considered and the effects of reversed flow are included. The aeroelastic stability of the complete rotor is investigated by using a linearized system of equations of motion. The equilibrium position about which the equations are linearized is obtained by considering the trim state of the helicopter, in true or simulated forward flight conditions. The sensitivity of the aeroelastic stability boundaries to interblade structural and mechanical coupling is illustrated by comparing the complete rotor stability boundaries with those obtained from a single blade analysis for a number of hover and forward flight cases.     

基于先导放电理论的直升机初始雷击附着位置北大核心CSCD

提出了一种基于流注-先导放电理论的数值模拟方法来快速判断直升机初始雷击附着点。首先,根据标准SAE-ARP 5416A中规定的相关试验方法,确定平板电极大小、直升机离边界距离等参数。然后,利用Becerra-Cooray正极性先导起始和发展判据对UH-60"黑鹰"直升机的主旋翼翼尖、尾旋翼翼尖、水平尾翼以及机头部位进行分析比较。最后,通过不断改变平板电极电势的方法,找到各个关键位置产生稳定正极性先导所需的最小背景电场值,以此为依据来对其初始雷击附着位置进行分析。结果表明,主旋翼翼尖最易成为初始雷击附着位置,而机头则较难成为初始雷击附着位置。     

Comparison of the Noise Directivity Pattern of the Main Rotor of a Helicopter for Flight and Hover Modes

Acoustical Physics - The noise of the main rotor of a helicopter in hover and horizontal flight modes is numerically simulated. To calculate the acoustic characteristics caused by the nonstationary...