太赫兹波段三角晶格二维光子晶体的传输特性

用平面波展开法研究了太赫兹(THz)波在二维三角晶格光子晶体中的传输特性。数值计算了以硅为背景的空气圆柱构成的二维三角晶格光子晶体的能带结构和态密度,计算表明在介质圆柱半径r=0.47a(a为空气介质柱的晶格常数)出现最大完全光子带隙,带隙宽度为0.070 1 THz;当r=0.49a和r=0.45a时,E偏振和H偏振分别出现最大光子带隙,带隙宽度分别0.102 2,0.192 3 THz。光子晶体能态密度的分布也表明了存在光子带隙的范围。研究结果为THz器件的开发提供了理论依据。     

二维光子晶体的横电模特性

基于平面波展开法,以介电常数分别为1F/m和13.18F/m的物质构成三角晶格二维光子晶体,改变空气孔半径r与晶格常数a之间的大小,数值模拟得到了三角晶格二维光子晶体横磁模带隙,当r=0.4a时形成3处三角晶格二维光子晶体横电模的带隙,其中最大三角晶格二维光子晶体横电模带隙出现在0.2424-0.4129Hz,差值为0.1705Hz.相比r=0.4a横磁模形成的最大带隙0.1057Hz较大.研究结论为光子晶体器件的制作提供参考.     

Ge基二维正方晶格光子晶体带隙优化设计

采用平面波展开法模拟二维光子晶体在E极化和H极化下的能带结构,研究Ge基二维正方晶格光子晶体的填充比以及晶格排列结构对最大禁带宽度的影响。结果表明：在空气背景材料中填充Ge柱的介质柱结构中,可产生TE、TM带隙,且各方向完全带隙出现在r/a=0.19~0.47范围内,最大完全帯隙禁带宽度可以达到0.064（归一化频率）;在选取Ge为背景材料的空气孔型结构中,同样可产生TE、TM带隙,且各方向完全带隙出现在r/a=0.46~0.49范围内,最大完全帯隙禁带宽度可以达到0.051（归一化频率）。同时,不论在介质柱型还是空气孔型结构中,带隙宽度都随着r/a的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

基于空气环结构的大带隙二维光子晶体的设计

用平面波展开法研究了内介质柱截面为长方形的三角晶格空气环型光子晶体的完全带隙特性。通过调节内介质柱的大小、介电常数、旋转角度以及空气环外半径对完全带隙的影响,找到了一组可以获得大带隙二维光子晶体结构的最佳参数。经优化后得到禁带宽度Δω=0.082(2πca-1)(其中a为晶格常数,c为光速),中心频率ω0=0.401(2πca-1),完全带隙宽度与中心频率的比值达到了20.4%,该结果比圆形内介质柱截面空气环结构的完全带隙大,比普通的空气孔结构的完全带隙增大了37%。     

Graphite格子光子晶体带隙的数值模拟

采用平面波展开法模拟计算了由锗圆柱构成的Graphite格子二维光子晶体的带隙结构,发现由空气背景中的介质柱构成的二维Graphite格子结构的光子晶体具有完全光子带隙,并得到了使完全带隙最大化的结构参数。数值计算结果表明,Graphite结构二维光子晶体在填充比从f=0.058到f=0.605连续变化的很大范围内都有完全带隙出现,在低能区出现了Δ=0.053(ωa/2πc)的较大带隙。     

三角晶格二维光子晶体的横磁模特性

基于平面波展开法,以介电常数分别为1F/m和12F/m的物质构成三角晶格二维光子晶体,改变空气孔半径r与晶格常数a之间的大小,数值模拟得到了三角晶格二维光子晶体横磁模带隙,当r=.4α时形成三处三角晶格二维光子晶体横磁模的带隙,其中最大三角晶格二维光子晶体横磁模带隙出现在0.6766—0.8000Hz,差值为0.1234Hz。研究结论为光子晶体器件的制作提供参考。     

二维三角格子光子晶体的带隙结构

用平面波展开法对二维光子晶体的电磁波理论及周期排列的电介质中电磁波的Bloch波解进行了详细的推导,计算出以GaAs为背景的空气柱构成的二维三角格子光子晶体的能带结构,研究了H偏振和E偏振带隙宽度随填充比f的变化.计算结果表明,当f=0.8时,H偏振和E偏振出现重叠的最大绝对光子带隙,带隙位于0.458-0.529ωe(ωe=2πc/a,a为晶格常数,c为光速),带隙宽度为0.071ωe,相应的带隙波长范围为472.6-545.9nm,处于可见光波段.     

光子晶体带隙和缺陷的特性

基于平面波展开法,以介电常数分别为1F/m和13F/m的物质构成三角晶格二维光子晶体,改变空气孔半径r与晶格常数a之间的大小,数值模拟得到r=0.48a时形成最大完全带隙0.4298-0.5192Hz.移去中心圆柱形成缺陷,数值模拟得到不能形成完全带隙结构,研究结论为光子晶体器件的制作提供参考.     

二维空心介质柱型三角晶格光子晶体的完全光子禁带

利用时域有限差分方法理论研究了由介质锗柱组成的二维三角晶格光子晶体的完全光子禁带。研究表明,对于由圆形空心锗柱排列在空气中组成的三角晶格光子晶体,TM偏振和TE偏振的光子禁带存在重叠,因而具有完全禁带。当锗柱的形状为空心三角形时,可实现宽度为0.074(2πc/a)的完全带隙,该带隙宽度达到了中心频率的16.2%。     

二维正方形光子晶体填充率对晶体带隙的影响

用有限时域差分方法(FDTD)对比研究了下列二维光子晶体的带隙:第1组,半径r=0.2μm圆柱,折射率n=4,晶格常数a=0.4μm;第2组,半径为r=0.2μm圆柱,折射率n=4,晶格常数a=0.6μm;第3组,内半径r_1=0.1μm,外半径r_2=0.2μm,折射率n=4,晶格常数a=0.4μm;第4组,内半径r_1=0.1μm,外半径r_2=0.2μm,折射率n=4,晶格常数a=0.6μm,并且对每一组光子晶体进行挖孔操作,然后比较不同填充率对光子晶体材料的带隙的影响,以及同种材料和结构、挖孔对带隙的影响。对于紧密排列的二维光子晶体,挖孔会使带隙向长波方向移动;对于填充率小的光子晶体,或者环形柱二维光子晶体,中间挖孔不影响带隙的范围。     

Photonic bands, gap maps, and intrinsic losses in three-component 2D photonic crystal slabs

We obtain the photonic bands and intrinsic losses for the triangular lattice three-component two- dimensional （2D） photonic crystal （PhC） slabs by expanding the electromagnetic field on the basis of waveguide modes of an effective homogeneous waveguide. The introduction of the third component into the 2D PhC slabs influences the photonic band structure and the intrinsic losses of the system. We examine the dependences of the band gap width and gap edge position on the interlayer dielectric constant and interlayer thickness. It is found that the gap edges shift to lower frequencies and the intrinsic losses of each band decrease with the increasing interlayer thickness or dielectric constant. During the design of the real PhC system, the effect of unintentional native oxide surface layer on the optical properties of 2D PhC slabs has to be taken into consideration. At the same time, intentional oxidization of macroporous PhC structure can be utilized to optimize the design.     

Demonstration of temperature resilient properties of 2D silicon carbide photonic crystal structures and cavity modes

In this paper, photonic crystal (PhC) based on two dimensional (2D) square and hexagonal lattice periodic arrays of Silicon Carbide (SiC) rods in air structure have been investigated using plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The PhC designs have been optimized for telecommunication wavelength (λ = 1.55 μm) by varying the radius of the rods and lattice constant. The result obtained shows that a photonic band gap (PBG) exists for TE-mode propagation. First, the effect of temperature on the width of the photonic band gap in the 2D SiC PhC structure has been investigated and compared with Silicon (Si) PhC. Further, a cavity has been created in the proposed SiC PhC and carried out temperature resiliency study of the defect modes. The dispersion relation for the TE mode of a point defect A1 cavity for both SiC and Si PhC has been plotted. Quality factor (Q) for both these structures have been calculated using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and found a maximum Q value of 224 for SiC and 213 for Si PhC cavity structures. These analyses are important for fabricating novel PhC cavity designs that may find application in temperature resilient devices.     

二维棋盘格子复式晶格的完全光子带隙研究

设计了一种棋盘格子复式晶格的二维光子晶体：在二维正方形格子中，把截面为正方形的柱子旋转45°，同时在每个原胞中心引入一个圆形截面的柱子构成的光子晶体结构. 用平面波展开计算棋盘格子复式晶格的完全光子带隙，结果表明：棋盘格子复式晶格的完全光子带隙的Δω/ω比值几乎是普通棋盘格子的5倍，完全光子带隙的个数也增加. 与其他复式结构相比较，发现其最佳的Δω/ω比值是一类粗锐复合结构光子晶体的2.1倍. 关键词： 二维光子晶体 复式晶格 完全光子带隙     

Design of low-loss tapered waveguide by applying photonic-crystal-based microlenses in telescopic structure

In this paper, the design of low-loss tapered waveguides by applying photonic-crystal-based microlenses is presented. The microlenses are realized by using two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) structures with a hexagonal periodic lattice of air-holes. In order to make the PhC structures behave as homogeneous and isotropic microlenses, the PhC structures are designed to operate in the low-frequency domain with light wavelength sufficiently larger than the PhC lattice constant. The effective indices of the PhC are calculated and the structures are properly arranged in microlenslike shapes. By monolithically integrating the effective microlenses in the tapered area between the two optical waveguides with different core dimensions, the wavefront of the eigenmode can be coupled from the larger core to the smaller core effectively and also the radiation loss in the tapered area between the two connected optical waveguides can be effectively suppressed. The results show that the PhC-based microlens in the telescopic structure can serve as an optical element in the tapered waveguide with the advantages of low loss, high efficiency and compactness.     

Two-dimensional optical lattice solitons

We study various families of two-dimensional discrete or lattice solitons, and show that they are possible only when their power level exceeds a critical threshold. In addition, we show that gap-lattice solitons exist only when the lattice possesses a complete 2D band gap. Our results suggest that these conditions are universally valid, irrespective of the nature of the nonlinearity or the specific structure of the index lattice. The analysis explains fundamental aspects of behavior of two-dimensional discrete solitons that have been very recently observed in photosensitive optical crystals.     

Modelling and design of complete photonic band gaps in two-dimensional photonic crystals

In this paper, we investigate the existence and variation of complete photonic band gap size with the introduction of asymmetry in the constituent dielectric rods with honeycomb lattices in two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC) using the plane-wave expansion (PWE) method. Two examples, one consisting of elliptical rods and the other comprising of rectangular rods in honeycomb lattices are considered with a view to estimate the design parameters for maximizing the complete photonic band gap. Further, it has been shown that complete photonic band gap size changes with the variation in the orientation angle of the constituent dielectric rods.      

Large complete band gap in two-dimensional phononic crystal slabs with elliptic inclusions

Phononic band structure with periodic elliptic inclusions for the square lattice is investigated based on the plane wave expansion method. The numerical results show the systems composed of tungsten (W) elliptic rods embedded in a silicon (Si) matrix can exhibit a larger complete band gap than the conventional circular phononic crystal (PC) slabs. The phononic band structure of the plate-mode waves and the width of the first complete band gap can be tuned by varying the ratio of the minor axis and the major axis, the orientation angle of the elliptic rods and the thickness of the PC slabs. We also study the band structure of plate-mode waves propagating in two-dimensional (2D) slabs with periodic elliptic inclusions coated on uniform substrate.     

Transmission characteristics simulation of an erbium-doped lithium niobate film photonic crystal slab

A photonic crystal slab (PhC slab) which was constructed as a 2D hexagonal lattice with a finite depth was etched into an Er:LiNbO₃ film waveguide. The band diagrams and transmission spectra were simulated by plane wave expansion (PWE) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. A high refractive index contrast of 0.5 enables strong light confinement in the vertical direction and a broad band gap. The simulated transmittance spectra indicate that the stop band is determined by lattice constant. The transmission spectra along ΓM of the PhC slab with a lattice constant 500 nm show a 250-nm broad stop band in the wavelength range from 1.33 to 1.58 μm and sharp band edge.     

二维非正交坐标斜方格金属光子带隙结构

金属光子带隙结构在高能加速器、微波真空电子器件和太赫兹波源等方面具有重要的应用前景.基于实空间传输矩阵理论，详细研究了非正交坐标系下二维斜方格金属光子带隙结构，给出了计算横电模、横磁模完全带隙结构的一般公式，并分析了填充系数、任意斜角及金属柱横截面对带隙结构的影响.计算结果在退化为正方格情况下时，与其他方法的计算结果取得很好的一致. 关键词： 光子晶体 金属光子带隙 传输矩阵法 微波真空电子器件