固定关断时间控制Buck变换器输出电容等效串联电阻的稳定性分析

通过专用电力电子仿真软件进行电路仿真, 定性分析了固定关断时间(fixed off-time, FOT)控制Buck变换器输出电压相位滞后于电感电流相位的原因及其引发脉冲簇发现象的机理, 探讨了如何调整输出电容等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance, ESR)的大小来消除这些复杂非线性现象, 并定量给出了FOT控制Buck变换器处于稳定工作状态时的ESR临界值.结果表明, 输出电容ESR对FOT控制Buck变换器工作状态的影响较大, 当ESR小于临界值时, 输出电压相位滞后于电感电流相位, 发生脉冲簇发现象;而当ESR大于临界值时, 输出电压与电感电流的变化保持同步, 脉冲簇发现象消失.通过描述函数法建立了参考电压至输出电压的传递函数, 由Routh-Hurwitz判据说明了ESR临界值是FOT控制Buck变换器的失稳条件.     

基于状态关联性的Boost变换器混沌与反混沌控制

混沌控制与反混沌控制是一对逆问题. 通过研究系统状态变量的关联性, 分析了在电流型连续电流模式Boost变换器关联系数变化的情况下, 实现系统的混沌控制与反混沌控制的方法, 为实际应用打下理论基础. 建立了系统的离散数学模型, 利用单值矩阵理论解释了变换器混沌控制与反混沌控制的机理. 研究结果表明, 在只改变系统状态变量的关联系数的情况下, 该控制策略能够将处于任意状态的Boost变换器控制到周期1, 2, 4轨道以及混沌态, 系统的输出可实现混沌与反混沌控制. 仿真结果证明了所提出方法以及研究结果的正确性.     

电感电流伪连续导电模式下Buck变换器的动力学建模与分析

以电感电流伪连续导电模式(pseudo-continuous conduction mode, PCCM)下Buck变换器为例, 通过对开关变换器的开关模态的完整描述, 建立了PCCM Buck变换器的精确离散时间模型. 基于该模型, 研究了PCCM Buck变换器在负载电阻、电感等效串联电阻、电感、电容、参考电流和输入电压等电路参数变化时的分岔行为, 并揭示了变换器存在的次谐波振荡、倍周期分岔和混沌等复杂动力学行为. 基于分段光滑开关模型的数值仿真, 得到变换器在不同负载电阻下的时域波形图和相轨图, 验证了离散时间模型的正确性. 理论分析和仿真结果表明: PCCM Buck变换器更适合工作在轻载条件, 加大负载会导致变换器工作状态的失稳以及工作模式的转移; 电感的等效串联电阻对变换器稳定性具有一定程度的影响, 且等效串联电阻越大, 变换器越稳定. 研究结果对于设计与控制PCCM Buck变换器具有重要意义.     

基于双缘调制的数字电压型控制Buck变换器离散迭代映射建模与动力学分析

建立了双缘调制数字电压型控制Buck变换器的离散迭代映射模型. 在该模型的基础上, 详细研究了双缘调制数字电压型控制Buck变换器的非线性动力学行为. 以输入电压、负载电阻等电路参数作为分岔参数, 绘制了输出电压和电感电流的分岔图, 并通过分岔图的分析发现了两种相似却又不同的Hopf分岔现象. 采用庞加莱截面、时域仿真波形和相轨图, 对比分析了两种不同的Hopf分岔和低频振荡现象, 并引入离散迭代映射模型的雅克比矩阵的特征值分析方法, 从理论上证明了两种Hopf分岔的存在性和差异性. 首次观察到基于双缘调制的数字电压型控制Buck变换器出现了奇数倍周期分岔现象, 并通过时域仿真波形和相轨图验证了该现象的真实性. 为更加接近实际电路, 考虑电容和电感的等效串联电阻, 使用Psim进行仿真, 其结果与理论仿真结果基本一致, 验证了理论仿真的正确性.     

脉冲序列控制CCM Buck变换器低频波动现象分析

报道了脉冲序列(pulse train, PT)控制电感电流连续导电模式(continuous conduction mode,CCM) Buck变换器中存在的低频波动现象,研究了其产生机理和抑制方法.时域仿真结果和输出电压与电感电流的相空间轨迹图表明,输出滤波电容等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance,ESR)是影响PT控制CCM Buck变换器控制性能的重要因素.当ESR值为零或很小时,PT控制CCM Buck变换器将出现由于输出电压调整不及时而呈现的低频波动现象;随着 关键词： 低频波动 脉冲序列控制 Buck变换器 连续导电模式     

基于共振参数微扰法的SEPIC变换器的混沌控制

本文以SEPIC变换器中前置电感电流为控制对象, 采用共振参数微扰法对电流模式控制SEPIC 变换器中的混沌现象进行控制. 该方法通过对电路参数的微小扰动实现了对SEPIC变换器中混沌现象的控制, 并通过时域波形、功率谱及分岔图等对结果进行了分析. 最后实验结果表明, 以前置电感电流为控制对象, 利用共振参数微扰法可以实现SEPIC变换器的混沌控制. 关键词： SEPIC变换器 混沌 混沌控制 共振参数微扰     

脉冲序列控制电流断续模式Buck变换器的动力学建模与边界碰撞分岔

通过建立一个开关周期内输出电容电荷变化量对应的输出电压变化量, 建立了工作于电感电流断续模式(discontinuous conduction mode, DCM)的脉冲序列(pulse train, PT)控制Buck变换器的近似离散时间模型, 研究了负载电阻及输入电压变化时PT控制DCM Buck变换器的边界碰撞分岔行为. 通过构造相应的迭代映射曲线, 分别分析了不同负载电阻时PT控制DCM Buck变换器的周期1、周期2和周期3运行轨迹的不动点稳定性, 揭示了PT控制DCM Buck变换器在不同周期态时的边界碰撞分岔的形成机理. 研究结果表明, 随参数变化, PT控制DCM Buck变换器始终运行在不同的周期态, 各周期态的切换由边界碰撞分岔引起, 李雅谱诺夫指数始终小于零. 利用PSIM电路仿真软件, 给出了不同负载电阻时的时域波形和相轨图. 实验结果验证了理论分析和仿真结果的正确性, 同时说明了本文动力学建模的可行性.     

斜坡补偿电流模式控制开关变换器的动力学建模与分析

降压型、升压型和升压-降压型DC-DC变换器是应用广泛的基本开关DC-DC变换器.电流模式控制开关DC-DC变换器在较宽的电路参数范围内具有两个边界,基于开关切换前后电感电流的上升和下降斜率,建立了斜坡补偿电流模式控制开关DC-DC变换器的统一模型.该模型进行无量纲归一化处理后只有三个参数,可有效展示开关DC-DC变换器在电感电流连续传导模式(CCM)和电感电流不连续传导模式(DCM)时的动力学特性.利用此模型,导出了轨道状态发生转移时的两个分界线方程,由此确定了开关DC-DC变换器的稳定周期1域、CCM鲁棒混沌域和DCM弱混沌强阵发域三个工作状态区域.开关DC-DC变换器二维参数映射图和电流模式控制降压型DC-DC变换器的电路实验观察验证了由两条分界线划分工作状态域的正确性.     

脉冲跨周期调制连续导电模式Buck变换器低频波动现象研究

揭示了脉冲跨周期调制(pulse skipped modulation,PSM)电感电流连续导电模式(continuous conduction mode,CCM)Buck变换器中存在的低频波动现象,分析了PSM调制CCM Buck变换器的能量转换过程,阐述了低频波动的产生机理,给出了低频波动的判断条件.建立了PSM调制CCM Buck变换器的同步开关映射模型,基于该模型给出了电感电流与输出电压随输出电容等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance,ESR)变化的分岔图,分析了ESR对低频波动的影响.为消除PSM调制CCM Buck中存在的低频波动,提出了电容电流脉冲跨周期调制(capacitor current pulse skipped modulation,CC-PSM)方法.研究结果表明:在ESR较小时,CC-PSM调制CCM Buck变换器消除了PSM调制CCM Buck变换器存在的低频波动.仿真与实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

单周控制Buck变换器中的降频现象分析

研究了单周控制Buck变换器中的降频现象,并给出了降频现象发生的临界条件以及电感电流断续导电模式(DCM)与电感电流连续导电模式(CCM)的临界条件.研究结果表明,降频现象的发生是由于复位积分器的输出电压在n个时钟周期内不能达到参考电压V_ref,使得它无法在n个时钟周期内复位,只有在n+1个时钟周期内复位. 值得注意的是,在任一工作频率下,变换器无论工作在CCM还是DCM,均处于稳定状态;在主电路参数及时钟周期不变的情况下,DC 关键词： 降频现象 单周控制 Buck变换器 稳定性     

Sampled-data modeling and dynamical effect of output-capacitor time-constant for valley voltage-mode controlled ewline buck-boost converter

By analyzing the output voltage ripple of a buck-boost converter with large equivalent series resistance (ESR) of output capacitor, one valley voltage-mode controller for buck-boost converter is proposed. Considering the fact that the increasing and decreasing slopes of the inductor current are assumed to be constant during each switching cycle, an especial sampled-data model of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is established. Based on this model, the dynamical effect of an output-capacitor time-constant on the valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is revealed and analyzed via the bifurcation diagrams, the movements of eigenvalues, the Lyapunov exponent spectra, the boundary equations, and the operating-state regions. It is found that with gradual reduction of output-capacitor time-constant, the buck-boost converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) shows the evolutive dynamic behavior from period-1 to period-2, period-4, period-8, chaos, and invalid state. The stability boundary and the invalidated boundary are derived theoretically by stability analysis, where the stable state of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter can enter into an unstable state, and the converter can shift from the operation region to a forbidden region. These results verified by time-domain waveforms and phase portraits of both simulation and experiment indicate that the sampled-data model is correct and the time constant of the output capacitor is a critical factor for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter, which has a significant effect on the dynamics as well as control stability.     

Sampled-data modeling and dynamical effect of output-capacitor time-constant for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter

By analyzing the output voltage ripple of a buck-boost converter with large equivalent series resistance(ESR) of output capacitor, one valley voltage-mode controller for buck-boost converter is proposed. Considering the fact that the increasing and decreasing slopes of the inductor current are assumed to be constant during each switching cycle, an especial sampleddata model of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is established. Based on this model, the dynamical effect of an output-capacitor time-constant on the valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is revealed and analyzed via the bifurcation diagrams, the movements of eigenvalues, the Lyapunov exponent spectra, the boundary equations,and the operating-state regions. It is found that with gradual reduction of output-capacitor time-constant, the buck-boost converter in continuous conduction mode(CCM) shows the evolutive dynamic behavior from period-1 to period-2, period-4, period-8, chaos, and invalid state. The stability boundary and the invalidated boundary are derived theoretically by stability analysis, where the stable state of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter can enter into an unstable state, and the converter can shift from the operation region to a forbidden region. These results verified by time-domain waveforms and phase portraits of both simulation and experiment indicate that the sampled-data model is correct and the time constant of the output capacitor is a critical factor for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter, which has a significant effect on the dynamics as well as control stability.     

Transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter using the fractional calculus

Based on the fact that the real inductor and the real capacitor are fractional order in nature and the fractional calculus,the transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter in a continuous conduction mode(CCM) operation are carried out in this paper.The fractional order small signal model and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the open-loop Buck converter in a CCM operation are presented.The transfer functions from the input voltage to the output voltage,from the input voltage to the inductor current,from the duty cycle to the output voltage,from the duty cycle to the inductor current,and the output impedance of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are derived,and their bode diagrams and step responses are calculated,respectively.It is found that all the derived fractional order transfer functions of the system are influenced by the fractional orders of the inductor and the capacitor.Finally,the realization of the fractional order inductor and the fractional order capacitor is designed,and the corresponding PSIM circuit simulation results of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are given to confirm the correctness of the derivations and the theoretical analysis.     

旋转致密双星后牛顿轨道的引力波研究

本文利用辛算法和功率谱研究旋转致密双星保守的后牛顿哈密顿系统的引力辐射, 讨论了系统的动力学参量、旋转-轨道耦合、旋转-旋转耦合效 应及轨道类型对后牛顿近似引力波形的影响. 数值结果表明有序轨道的引力波随时间呈周期性地变化, 而混沌轨道引力波的变化具有混沌性, 并且轨道的混沌特性可提高引力波的辐射能量, 尤其指出的是旋转参量大小对引力波形的变化发挥至关重要的作用.     

The dynamics of a symmetric coupling of three modified quadratic maps

We investigate the dynamical behavior of a symmetric linear coupling of three quadratic maps with exponential terms, and identify various interesting features as a function of two control parameters. In particular, we investigate the emergence of quasiperiodic states arising from Naimark-Sacker bifurcations of stable period-l, period-2, and period-3 orbits. We also investigate the multistability in the same coupling. Lyapunov exponents, parameter planes, phase space portraits, and bifurcation diagrams are used to investigate transitions from periodic to quasiperiodic states, from quasiperiodic to mode-locked states and to chaotic states, and from chaotic to hyperchaotic states.     

电压型双频率控制开关变换器的动力学建模与多周期行为分析

在断续导电模式下, 建立了电压型双频率控制开关变换器的动力学模型, 并推导了相应的特征值方程. 根据动力学模型, 采用分岔图研究了电路参数变化时变换器存在的边界碰撞分岔行为和周期2, 周期3,周期4等多周期行为, 结果表明: 变换器经历了周期1态、多周期态、周期1态的分岔路由; 周期态的转变均是由边界碰撞分岔引起的. 根据特征值方程, 采用Lyapunov指数研究了变换器的稳定性, 结果表明: 随着电路参数的变化, Lyapunov指数始终小于零, 变换器一直工作于稳定的周期态, 验证了电压型双频率控制开关变换器的周期3行为并不意味着变换器会必然发生混沌. 通过电路仿真, 分析了负载变化时变换器的时域波形、相轨图和频谱图, 验证了动力学模型的可行性和理论分析的正确性. 实验结果验证了文中的仿真结果. 关键词： 开关变换器 双频率控制 边界碰撞分岔 多周期行为