光纤／波导器件／光纤系统的损耗分析

测试分析光纤／波导器件／光纤系统的损耗，并介绍几种减小端面耦合损耗的对准方法。     

光纤Bragg光栅非线性开关动态特性研究

基于光纤Bragg光栅中脉冲演变遵循的非线性耦合模方程,数值分析了光纤Bragg光栅在禁带附近由非线性光学特性导致的Bragg波长偏移。仿真结果表明：随着输入信号功率的增大,光栅的布拉格波长向长波方向移动,反射峰值下降,反射带宽变窄。进一步研究了基于此效应的全光自开关特性,结果表明：此开关的稳定时间短,并且输出脉冲形状保持良好。因此,这种具有高非线性系数的光纤光栅实现的全光开关在全光信号处理方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于非球面透镜的空间光场光纤耦合系统研究

针对全光纤激光雷达中空间光场与单模光纤的耦合问题,设计了基于非球面透镜的望远镜光纤耦合系统.利用ZEMAX软件以单模光纤耦合效率为优化目标对其结构参量进行优化设计,然后分别用LED和激光器作为光源进行初步实验,比较直接耦合和非球面透镜耦合效果.实验结果表明,采用非球面透镜耦合可使多模光源的耦合效率比直接耦合增加约47％,与仿真结果45％非常接近,且不同芯径耦合光功率之比大略等于芯径比平方;而该耦合方式可使单模光源的耦合效率增加约20％,且耦合进不同小芯径光纤的耦合效率之比约为其芯径比平方的2.4倍,这对构建全光纤转动喇曼激光雷达系统具有重要意义.     

基于非球面透镜的空间光场光纤耦合系统研究

针对全光纤激光雷达中空间光场与单模光纤的耦合问题,设计了基于非球面透镜的望远镜光纤耦合系统.利用ZEMAX软件以单模光纤耦合效率为优化目标对其结构参量进行优化设计,然后分别用LED和激光器作为光源进行初步实验,比较直接耦合和非球面透镜耦合效果.实验结果表明,采用非球面透镜耦合可使多模光源的耦合效率比直接耦合增加约47%,与仿真结果45%非常接近,且不同芯径耦合光功率之比大略等于芯径比平方;而该耦合方式可使单模光源的耦合效率增加约20%,且耦合进不同小芯径光纤的耦合效率之比约为其芯径比平方的2.4倍,这对构建全光纤转动喇曼激光雷达系统具有重要意义.     

自由空间泵浦玻璃微球的光学特性

现有的微球谐振腔大多利用微纳光纤锥的倏逝波场为微球提供泵浦能量,这是因为其具有较高的模式耦合效率,但在实际应用中这种耦合方法欠缺一定的灵活性,且需要配备精密的耦合装置。本文探究了使用未拉锥的截断光纤从不接触微球的自由空间直接向微球导入泵浦光的可行性。在典型的Nd~(3+)掺杂碲酸盐玻璃微球/光纤锥耦合系统的基础上,用一根连接泵浦光源的截断光纤从自由空间直接照射微球的中心或边缘部位,可测出微球/光纤锥耦合系统的激光输出功率相对于原耦合系统明显提升;在关闭连接光纤锥的泵浦源而仅使用自由空间泵浦源的条件下,仍可获得明显的单纵模激光现象。本文利用时域有限差分法和几何光束追迹法的仿真模型还原了上述自由空间耦合法的全过程。仿真与实验结果表明,这种自由空间耦合法有潜力成为常规光纤锥耦合法的一种辅助泵浦方法,为需要更高泵浦功率或更多泵浦波长选择的实验场合提供解决方案。     

多维耦合器校正空间光-单模光纤耦合对准误差

根据高斯光束传输理论，分析了径向偏差、端面倾斜偏差和轴向偏差等对准误差对空间光-单模光纤(SMF)耦合效率的影响。数值计算和实验结果表明，当端面与径向之间的夹角Ω为90°和270°时，3种对准误差对耦合效率的影响相互独立，当夹角Ω=180°时，耦合效率有最大值。为更好地补偿对准误差对SMF耦合效率的影响，基于压电陶瓷设计了具有5自由度耦合装置的光纤耦合器，并结合变增益型随机并行梯度下降算法寻找空间光-SMF的最佳对准姿态。实验结果表明，5自由度光纤耦合器可以很好地实现不同对准误差的校正，系统闭环后SMF耦合效率达到53.2%。     

侧面抽运的掺Yb双包层光纤激光器

利用光纤角度磨抛侧面耦合新技术研究了侧面抽运的掺Yb双包层光纤激光器。实验上采取新的加工工艺获得了端面具有小锐角磨抛斜角的多模光纤,专门设计的高精密机械调整结构有效地将多模光纤的斜面和双包层光纤的侧面精确对准,通过不同的折射率匹配材料进行的研究,发现折射率匹配材料对于注入功率和抽运效率都有较大影响。实验中通过光纤角度侧面耦合器能够注入1．12W抽运光进入双包层光纤,侧面耦合效率最高可达80％。将该侧面耦合技术用于侧面抽运的掺Yb双包层光纤激光器,在单个尾纤输出的半导体激光器侧面抽运下得到光纤激光器的最大连续激光输出功率282mW,斜率效率为55．5％。实验结果表明,光纤角度磨抛耦合技术是掺Yb双包层光纤激光器的一种简单有效的侧面抽运方式。     

锥形光纤间的耦合特性

将通信光纤的末端拉制成锥形,利用光信号在光纤锥形区特有的传输和耦合特性,实现了光纤的耦合、连接和分束.用耦合模理论分析了锥形光纤间的传输和耦合性质,给出了光信号两锥形光纤间的耦合与两锥形光纤的距离和锥形区重叠长度等实验结果.     

光纤混沌双芯双向保密通信系统研究

把量子阱激光混沌耦合反馈同步系统应用于光纤保密通信中,提出光纤混沌双芯双向保密通信设想.通过耦合外部光注入多量子阱激光混沌全光耦合反馈同步系统和光纤传输信道,建立了光纤混沌双芯双向通信系统物理模型.理论和数值证明了激光混沌同步,理论分析指出光纤中的自相位调制是限制激光混沌在光纤传输中同步的主要原因,并推导出混沌信号双芯双向传输中的非线性相移以及混沌激光功率限制和传输距离公式.数值实现了该系统在长距离二根光纤传输中的同步,详细地分析了系统同步时间随光纤传输长度的关系.模拟了调制频率06 GHz的混沌模拟通 关键词： 混沌 同步 光纤 保密通信     

可重构光分插复用器的设计与实现

研究了基于光纤光栅光开关的可重构光分插复用器（ROADM）的设计和实现.提出了一种光纤光栅准直器的结构,由光纤光栅准直器组成的光纤光栅光开关真正实现了光纤光栅与光开关合二为一的结构.以光纤光栅光开关为核心模块,制作了一种ROADM,该器件结构更紧凑,体积更小.通过对样机的测试和系统仿真,结果证明了此种结构的ROADM符合设计标准,具有较高的性能,而且结构简单,操作方便.此外,该ROADM制作过程难度小,器件成本低,适合批量生产.     

Characterization of coupling power for single-mode fiber fusion

Fabrication of single-mode fiber coupler by heating fibers on a flame is very common and popular. However, controlling the input and the output power quantities of the fiber coupling process is neither easy nor similar. Power losses occur at the coupling length as the effect of the geometry and structure of fibers during and after fusion. In application, the power losses will affect sensor devices, e.g. optical switch. This paper proposes power splitting into the second fiber junction as a new model by deriving and integrating the coupling power with two conditions of refractive index changes. First is the change in the vertical part and second is the change in the vertical and the horizontal parts. Both conditions are studied by perpendicular and parallel directions of coupling power. The model is examined with a linear change of refractive index where power absorption and reflection are accumulated by power losses. The result shows that power increases as the effect of losses by simulation. These power losses are lost by radiation out of cladding and fiber heating.     

多根平行光纤的功率转移特性分析

基于模式耦合理论，研究了呈一字型排列的多根平行单模光纤间的功率转移，分析了光纤间距对耦合系数和功率转移的影响，给出了三根平行单模光纤耦合方程的解，针对不同的初始条件进行了比较分析.数值计算表明，呈一字型排列的多根平行单模光纤间的功率成一定周期转移.     

Power transfer characteristics among N parallel single-mode optical fibers

Based on the coupled-mode theory, the power transfer among “- - - -” arranged parallel single-mode optical fibers has been investigated. The analysis shows that the distances between each two of the N fiber centers have effects on the coupling coefficient and power transfer. The solution of the coupled-equations for three parallel single-mode optical fibers is given, and is studied for different initial conditions comparatively. Numerical simulations show that power transfer will be periodical during coupling among parallel single-mode optical fibers. These results can be extended to multi-parallel single-mode optical fibers.     

基于MOSFET的固体开关技术实验研究

 采用两只1kV MOSFET器件及驱动模块和高带宽光纤收发对，研究了固体开关技术中的触发信号高压隔离、功率MOSFET器件栅极驱动及MOSFET串并联使用等关键技术。单器件开关获得了1kV,13A,4MHz重复频率的脉冲串输出。两器件并联开关获得了130A，2MHz的输出。两器件串联开关获得了16kV,2MHz重复频率脉冲串输出。     

Flexible integration of optical switch with optical power splitting and attenuating functions for optical fiber-based networking applications

A flexible integration of optical switch with optical power splitting and attenuating functions has been proposed to optimally serve optical fiber-based networking applications. In this switch, an etched binary-slope sidewall reflector is electrostatically actuated in and out of the plane to manipulate optical signals between input and output optical fibers. The fabrication process is a simple combination of a bulk-silicon micromachining process and silicon-to-glass anodic bonding where fiber alignment grooves, reflectors and actuators are fabricated on the same silicon substrate. Ball-lensed fibers are assembled with the device to achieve high coupling efficiency. Performances of the fabricated devices are measured and discussed. The switching time is less than 9 ms at 31 V. The excess loss of the device is less than 3 dB and the controllable attenuation range is up to 38 dB at 139 V, respectively. Moreover, polarization-dependent loss is less than 0.7 dB in the whole attenuation and splitting range.     

4 × 4 Plastic Optical Fiber Star Coupler Incorporated with a Common Polymer Waveguide Optical Power Distribution Region

Abstract

Two types of 4 × 4 plastic optical fiber star couplers incorporated with a polymer waveguide as the optical power distributor are proposed, and their high performances are demonstrated. The characteristics of the proposed star coupler are investigated based on ray optics, and its power distribution performance is evaluated in terms of the flatness of the coupling ratio and the amount of the excess loss. Under the best conditions, the flatness of the coupling ratio and the excess loss of the fabricated device have been obtained as 2.0 dB and 2.5 dB, respectively.     

Hollow-core tapered coupler for large inner diameter hollow-core optical fibers

A novel hollow-core tapered coupler has been theoretically designed and fabricated by fiber drawingmachine. The coupler's inner wall is coated with a polycrystalline GeO_2 film. The coupling loss ofhollow-core tapered coupler is about 0.2 dB. Hollow-core tapered coupler reduces the transmission loss ofhollow-core optical fiber(HCOF) by 0.5 dB/m, therefore the coupler is suitable for coupling high powerCO_2 laser in industrial application.     

All-fiber eye-safe pulsed laser with Er-Yb Co-doped multi-stage amplifier

We report an all-fiber pulsed laser with multistage fiber amplifier which was suitable for high power eye-safe free space optical communications. Tapered structure has been utilized between booster and final amplifiers, which could increase the power coupling from the former fiber into the core of the latter fiber, and the beam quality of the output laser could be improved simultaneously. A maximum output power over 6 W has been achieved from the master-oscillator-power-amplifier system. With the multi-stage configuration and forward pumping, the optical signal to noise ratio was measured to be better than 50 dB.     

Laser Triggering through Fiber Optics of a Low Jitter Spark Gap

An optical filter is employed to transport a 15-ns light pulse from a high power ruby laser for precise triggering of a gas filed high voltage spark gap. The maximum power density that can be transmitted by the fiber is limited to 6 × 1012 W/m2 above which laser induced damage occurs on the fiber entrance face. The overall throughput efficiency of the optical system was measured as 62 percent. Results are presented for the switching delay time and associated jitter for various mixtures of A and N2 gas, and as a function of the voltage across a pulse-charged Blumlein generator gap. Pulse charging of the Blumlein generator was accomplished by a three-stage Marx generator, resulting in output voltages up to 250 kV. It was conclusively demonstrated that an optical fiber will transport a sufficiently intense laser pulse to evince subnanosecond jitter in the triggering of a pressurized gas switch under the conditions studied.     

Advanced multifunctional optical switch for multimode optical fiber networks

In this work, an advanced multifunctional optical switch based on multimode fibers is proposed. It can work as a 3 × 1 optical multiplexer/combiner, a 2 × 2 optical switch, a variable optical attenuator and a variable optical power splitter. All these functionalities can be developed in the same device without any hardware modification, only by using the proper ports and control electronics.The proposed switch has been developed for being used in the visible and near infrared wavelength range: 450–650 nm for optical fiber automobile applications, 650–850 nm for home broadband applications; and 850–1300 nm for multimode fiber access networks. Up to three different types of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells have been designed and fabricated for fulfilling these different wavelength ranges as part of the proposed device.The multifunctional switch has been implemented and experimentally tested. Crosstalk usually better than ? 15 dB at 532 nm, 660 nm and 850 nm, in any state has been measured. Switching is achieved at voltage levels of 4 Vrms. Fiber to fiber insertion losses when operating as a 2 × 2 optical switch, range from 10 to 15 dB within 200 nm wavelength range; with a non-optimized optics for collimation and coupling.