由四溴化碳、卤阴离子和溶剂分子组成的三角形卤键和氢键超分子复合物的理论与谱学研究

通过计算化学结合谱学实验揭示了四溴化碳与卤阴离子在质子溶剂中形成的CBr₄…X^-…H-C三角形的三键超分子复合物的作用模式. 卤键与氢键的强度均遵循：碘化物>溴化物>氯化物. 三键复合物中的卤键与氢键均呈现一定的协同效应. 紫外可见吸收光谱观察到四溴化碳与卤阴离子作用出现的新电荷转移峰,即卤键作用的吸收峰. 并利用Benesi-Hildebrand法确定了1:1的化学计量比、摩尔吸光系数及键合常数. 摩尔吸光系数及键合常数受溶剂的介电常数影响,在相同溶剂中遵循碘化物>溴化物>氯化物. 由键合常数表示的作用强度与理论计算的作用能相一致. 红外光谱测定的溶剂分子C-H振动频率随卤阴离子的加入有明显的红移,预示着C-H…X^-氢键的形成. 实验与理论均证明这种通过共享卤阴离子的三键复合物的存在.     

DITFB/4-OH-TEMPO体系中卤键作用的19F DNP研究

卤键与氢键相似,是实现分子与分子非共价键连接的作用之一,其广泛地应用于工程材料和生命化学等领域．有关卤键相互作用的动态核极化（DNP）研究还未见报道．本文利用连续波-电子顺磁共振（CW-EPR）谱仪及自主研制的DNP实验平台对存在卤键相互作用的体系——1,4-二碘四氟苯（DITFB）/4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基吡啶-1-氧自由基（4-OH-TEMPO）进行¹⁹F DNP研究,并与无卤键作用对照组——六氟苯（PFB）/4-OH-TEMPO的¹⁹F DNP增强效果进行了比较．结果发现,DITFB/4-OH-TEMPO较PFB/4-OH-TEMPO具有更窄的EPR线宽和更大的¹⁹F DNP增强．这表明自由基与DITFB卤键作用削弱了自由基之间的电子自旋-自旋相互作用,从而使自由基横向弛豫时间（T_2e）增加、线宽变窄,导致DNP饱和因子和增强倍数变大．因此,可以通过卤键调控自由基电子自旋相互作用,以改善核的DNP增强效果．     

腺嘌呤-5-溴尿嘧啶复合物中的卤键

利用从头算和密度泛函理论研究了腺嘌呤(A)-5-溴尿嘧啶复合物中(T+)中的键合模式. 研究结果表明，T+中的Br原子同时与A分子中的氨基氢和氮原子存在弱的相互作用，在这种结合模式中，Br原子与亲核基团H正面结合，同时与亲电基团N侧面结合，分别形成氢键和卤键.静电势分析发现：T+中的Br原子与A中的N7 (或N1)是通过静电相互吸引的. Br与N原子之间的相互作用通过分子中的原子理论得以证实. 关键点的拓扑参数显示卤键是闭壳层相互作用. 自然键轨道分析说明，A中N原子上孤对电子的电荷主要转移到C{Br的反     

同时基于氢键和卤键的尿素含碘衍生物对卤素阴离子的识别机理

采用密度泛函B3LYP(Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr)量子化学理论方法探讨了同时基于氢键和卤键者两种弱相互作用的尿素无氟含碘衍生物对卤素阴离子（F-,Cl-,Br-和I-）的识别机理, 结果发现尿素衍生物受体分子A以其结构中的两个N-H键和两个C-I与卤素阴离子间形成四齿弱键进行识别. 其中包括2个N-H…X-红移氢键和2个C-I…X-蓝移卤键弱相互作用. 另外, 经BSSE校正后的A…F-, A…Cl-, A…Br-和A…I-分子识别体系中相互作用能ΔECP分别为-48.90, -121.78, -311.42和-96.55 kJ/mol, 从结合强度上来看, 受体A对Br-和Cl-具有较好的识别能力, 而对F-的识别能力相对较弱. 此外, 采用自然键轨道(NBO)理论分析了C…X-（X= F-,Cl-,Br-和I-）识别体系中红移氢键和蓝移卤键的电子行为与性质.     

同时基于氢键和卤键的尿素含碘衍生物对卤素阴离子的识别机理北大核心CSCD

采用密度泛函B3LYP(Becke,three-parameter,Lee-Yang-Parr)量子化学理论方法探讨了同时基于氢键和卤键者两种弱相互作用的尿素无氟含碘衍生物对卤素阴离子(F-,Cl-,Br-和I-)的识别机理,结果发现尿素衍生物受体分子A以其结构中的两个N-H键和两个C-I与卤素阴离子间形成四齿弱键进行识别.其中包括2个N-H…X-红移氢键和2个C-I…X-蓝移卤键弱相互作用.另外,经BSSE校正后的A…F-,A…Cl-,A…Br-和A…I-分子识别体系中相互作用能ΔECP分别为-48.90,-121.78,-311.42和-96.55kJ/mol,从结合强度上来看,受体A对Br-和Cl-具有较好的识别能力,而对F-的识别能力相对较弱.此外,采用自然键轨道(NBO)理论分析了C…X-(X=F-,Cl-,Br-和I-)识别体系中红移氢键和蓝移卤键的电子行为与性质.     

甘氨酸和丙氨酸二肽、三肽中N-H…O=C分子内氢键键能的理论研究

提出一种计算多肽中N-H…O=C分子内氢键键能的新方法.并将新方法应用于计算甘氨酸和丙氨酸二肽、三肽中N-H…O=C分子内氢键键能.利用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法优化几何构型和计算频率.对全部结构计算MP2/6-311 G(3df,2p)水平上的单点能量.结果表明:在甘氨酸二肽中氢键键能为-6.38 kcal/mol,在丙氨酸二肽中氢键键能为-7.09-、6.25 kcal/mol;在甘氨酸三肽中氢键键能为-5.62 kcal/mol,在丙氨酸三肽中氢键键能为-5.37,-5.74 kcal/mol.     

取代硝基苯炸药的理论研究

在133LYP/6.31 G*理论水平上优化了一系列取代硝基苯类化舍物的几何构型,计算了它们的电子结构和Wiberg键级,结果表明,随着氨基的引入,起爆引发键C-NO2键的强度有可能得到加强,炸药的撞击感度减小.讨论了分子内氢键与其撞击感度的关系,结果表明氢键的形成可能对分子的撞击感度起钝化作用.讨论了C-NO2键的强弱与其位置的关系.     

化学诱导动态电子极化自由基-三重态对理论中选择三重态淬灭的证明

用时间分辨ESR测出的吩噻嗪/2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基(TEMPO)光诱导产生的三重态发射CIDEP信号可用Blätter提出的自由基-三重态对机理来解释,由荧光光谱及脉冲激光光声微量量热实验结果直接证明了Bläter理论关于自由基只选择淬灭双重自旋态的自由基/三重态对中的三重态的假设.     

含稳定氮氧自由基聚磷酸酯的合成及其弛豫性能研究

通过二氮磷酸-O-(1-氧-2,2,6,6,-四甲基-4-哌啶醇)酯分别与四甘醇、三甘醇、二甘醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、N-乙基二乙酰胺、N-正丁基二乙酰胺缩聚,制得七个含稳定氮氧自由基(TEMPO)的聚磷酸酯.对这些新的聚磷酸酯进行了结构表征,并测试了部分聚合物的纵向弛豫性能.     

Cu+与N-[2-羟基-1(S)-甲基]-N-甲基甘氨酸间的C-H…Cu(Ⅰ)抓氢键

采用密度泛函B3LYP(Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr)/6-311G**理论水平研究了Cu+和Cu2+离子与N-[2-羟基-1(S)-甲基]-N-甲基甘氨酸根负离子配体（PT）形成的配合物的结构,重点讨论了配合物中的C-H Cu抓氢键结构. 计算表明, 当单个配体与Cu+结合时,配合物PT•••Cu(Ⅰ)结构中有C-H Cu抓氢键形成,C-H键伸缩振动频率显著红移,键长显著增大而被活化, 配体为三齿配体;当两个配体与Cu2+结合时,配合物PT•••Cu(Ⅱ)不存在C-H Cu抓氢键结构,配体为双齿配体. NBO及AIM理论分析均表明C-H Cu抓氢键属于一种较强的基团间相互作用,在强度和电子行为上与氢键弱相互作用有本质不同.     

Tuning of non-covalent interactions involving a halogen atom that plays the role of Lewis acid and base simultaneously

In this work, a series of model complexes (MH₃X)(HNC)(N'C’H’), where M = C–Pb and X = Cl–At, is studied using a first-principles computational approach. Each of these complexes possesses a halogen atom (X) simultaneously acting as the Lewis base for X···H hydrogen bonding (HB) with HNC and as the Lewis acid for X···N’ halogen bonding (XB) with N'C’H’. The strengths of these non-covalent interactions are tuned by sharing the same halogen centre and by substituting M and X with consecutive elements from groups 14 and 17. Variations in the strengths are estimated mostly by means of various energetic quantities, such as the total interaction energy (E_int), two- and three-body contributions to E_int, their fundamental physical components and donor–acceptor orbital interaction energies. The coexistence of HB and XB involving the same X-centre weakens these interactions, but the magnitude of the total interaction in the complexes increases due to the three-body interaction and the appearance of additional lateral non-covalent interaction between HNC and N'C’H’. Substituting M and X with consecutive elements from groups 14 and 17 leads to several regularities in the changes of E_int. A dependence of three-body interaction on the kinds of M and X is also detected.     

Cooperativity between the hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding in F3CX ··· NCH(CNH) ··· NCH(CNH) complexes (X=Cl,Br)

MP2 calculations with the cc-pVTZ basis set were used to analyse the intermolecular interactions in F₃CX?···?NCH(CNH)?···?NCH(CNH) triads (X=Cl, Br), which are connected via hydrogen and halogen bonds. Molecular geometries, binding energies, and infrared spectra of the dyads and triads were investigated at the MP2/cc-pVTZ computational level. Particular attention was given to parameters such as the cooperative energies, cooperative dipole moments, and many-body interaction energies. All studied complexes, with the simultaneous presence of a halogen bond and a hydrogen bond, show cooperativity with energy values ranging between ?1.32 and ?2.88?kJ?mol^?1. The electronic properties of the complexes were analysed using the Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), electron density shift maps and the parameters derived from the Atoms in Molecules (AIM) methodology.     

Halogen bond between hypervalent halogens YF3/YF5 (Y=Cl,Br, I) and H2X (X= O,S, Se)

ABSTRACT

The complexes of H₂X (X?=?O, S, Se) with hypervalent halogens YF₃ and YF₅ (Y?=?Cl, Br, I) have been studied. The σ-hole on the Y atom participates in a halogen bond with the lone pair on the chalcogen atom. In addition, some secondary interactions coexist with the halogen bond in most complexes. The interaction energy correlates with the nature of both X and Y atoms. In most cases, the complex is more stable for the heavier Y atom and the lighter X atom. Of course, there are some exceptions in H₂X···YF₃. YF₃ forms a more stable complex with H₂X than does YF₅. These complexes are dominated by electrostatic interaction and the halogen bond involving H₂S and H₂Se exhibits some covalent character.

Halogen bond plays an important role in chemical reactions and multivalent halogens can regulate chemical reactions by participating in a halogen bond. Thus we compare the effect of the chalcogen electron donor on the strength and nature of halogen bonding involving multivalent halogens.     

Interplay and competition between the lithium bonding and halogen bonding: R3C···XCN···LiCN and R3C···LiCN···XCN as a working model (R = H,CH3; X = Cl,Br)

UMP2 calculations with aug-cc-pVDZ basis set were used to analyse intermolecular interactions in R₃C···XCN···LiCN and R₃C···LiCN···XCN triads (R = H, CH₃; X = Cl, Br) which are connected via lithium bond and halogen bond. To understand the properties of the systems better, the corresponding dyads are also studied. Molecular geometries and binding energies of dyads, and triads are investigated at the UMP2/aug-cc-pVDZ computational level. Particular attention is paid to parameters such as cooperative energies, and many-body interaction energies. All studied complexes, with the simultaneous presence of a lithium bond and a halogen bond, show cooperativity with energy values ranging between ?1.20 and ?7.71 kJ mol^?1. A linear correlation was found between the interaction energies and magnitude of the product of most positive and negative electrostatic potentials (V_S,maxV_S,min). The electronic properties of the complexes are analysed using parameters derived from the atoms in molecules (AIM) methodology. According to energy decomposition analysis, it is revealed that the electrostatic interactions are the major source of the attraction in the title complexes.     

Strengthening of the halogen-bonding by an aerogen bond interaction: substitution and cooperative effects in O3Z···NCX···NCY (Z = Ar,Kr, Xe; X = Cl,Br, I; Y = H,F, OH) complexes

The geometry, interaction energy and bonding properties of ternary complexes O₃Z···NCX···NCY (Z= Ar, Kr, Xe; X = Cl, Br, I and Y = H, F, OH) are investigated with ab initio calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Two different types of intermolecular interactions are present in these complexes, namely, aerogen bond (Z···N) and halogen bond (X···N). The formation mechanism and bonding properties of these complexes are analysed with molecular electrostatic potentials, quantum theory of atoms in molecules and non-covalent interaction index. It is found that the cooperativity energies in the ternary complexes are all negative; that is, the interaction energy of the ternary complex is greater (more negative) than the sum of the interaction energies of the corresponding binary systems. Also, the cooperativity energies increase with the increase of the interaction energies. The cooperative effects in the ternary complexes make a decrease in the total spin–spin coupling constants across the aerogen bonding, J(Z–N), which can be regarded as a proof for the reinforce of Z···N interactions in the ternary complexes with respect to the binary systems.     

苝二酸酐与嘧啶衍生物的氢键组装

用半经验AM1方法对苝二酸酐与嘧啶衍生物的1:1及1:2氢键复合物进行理论研究,表明随着氢键数目增多,弱相互作用能变大,主体上的供电基和客体上的吸电基有利于氢键相互作用,氢键导致电子从主体流向客体.用INDO/SCI方法计算配合物的电子光谱,表明其长波吸收峰与主体相比发生兰移,各配合物的长波吸收峰位置相差不大,与实验一致.讨论吸收峰兰移的原因并对电子跃迁进行理论指认,同时得到了配合物的双质子转移势能曲线,给出了相对于N-H键的过渡态和活化能.     

花二酸酐与嘧啶衍生物的氢键组装(英文)

用半经验AM1方法对苝二酸酐与嘧啶衍生物的1∶1及1∶2氢键复合物进行理论研究,表明随着氢键数目增多,弱相互作用能变大,主体上的供电基和客体上的吸电基有利于氢键相互作用,氢键导致电子从主体流向客体。用INDO／SCI方法计算配合物的电子光谱,表明其长波吸收峰与主体相比发生兰移,各配合物的长波吸收峰位置相差不大,与实验一致。讨论吸收峰兰移的原因并对电子跃迁进行理论指认,同时得到了配合物的双质子转移势能曲线,给出了相对于N-H键的过渡态和活化能。     

Cooperative and diminutive interplay between the sodium bonding with hydrogen and dihydrogen bondings in ternary complexes of NaC3N with HMgH and HCN (HNC)

Ternary complexes of NaC₃N with HMgH and HCN (HNC) are connected by sodium, hydrogen and dihydrogen bonds. Molecular geometries and interaction energies of dyads and triads are investigated at the MøllerPlesset perturbation theory of the second order/aug-cc-pVDZ computational level. Particular attention is paid to parameters, such as cooperative energies and many-body interaction energies. Triads with the HMgH molecule located at the end of the chain show an energetic cooperativity ranging between ?2.13 and ?10.53 kJ mol^?1. When the HMgH molecule is located in the middle, the obtained cluster is diminutive with an energetic effect with values 4.39 and 6.77 kJ mol^?1. The electronic properties of the complexes are analysed using parameters derived from the atoms in molecules methodology. Based on the energy decomposition analysis, it can be seen that the stabilities of the complexes are predicted to be attributable mainly to electrostatic effects.     

Theoretical study of cooperativity between hydrogen bond‒hydrogen bond,halogen bond‒halogen bond and hydrogen bond‒halogen bond in ternary FX…diazine…XF (X = H and Cl) complexes

ABSTRACT

In the present work, the cooperativity between hydrogen bond?hydrogen bond, halogen bond?halogen bond and hydrogen bond?halogen bond in ternary FX…diazine…XF (X = H and Cl) complexes is theoretically investigated. The sign of cooperative energy (E_coop) obtained in all of the triads is positive which indicates that the ternary complex is less stable than the sum of the two isolated binary complexes. Moreover, our calculations show that E_coop value in triads increases as FX…pyridazine…XF > FX…pyrimidine…XF > FX…pyrazine…XF. In agreement with energetic, geometrical and topological properties, electrostatic potentials and coupling constants across ¹⁵N…X?¹⁹F (X = ¹H or ³⁵Cl) hydrogen and halogen bonds indicate that hydrogen and halogen bonds are weakened in the considered complexes where two hydrogen and halogen bonds coexist. As compared to N…H hydrogen bond, it is also observed that cooperativity has greater effect on N…Cl halogen bond.     

Ab initio study of synergetic effects of two strong interactions of cation–π interaction and lithium bond in M+ ··· phenyl lithium ··· N (M = Li,Na, K; N = H2O and NH3) complex

Quantum chemical calculations have been performed to investigate the interplay between the cation–π interaction and lithium bonding in the M⁺?···?phenyl lithium?···?OH₂ and M⁺?···?phenyl lithium?···?NH₃ (M?=?Li, Na, K) complexes. The cation–π interaction and lithium bonding in the trimers become stronger relative to the dimers. The interaction energy of cation–π interaction is increased by about 4.4–6.3%, while that of lithium bonding is increased by about 5.2–15.9%. The cooperative energy becomes larger for the stronger cation–π interaction and lithium bond. The F atom and methyl group in the phenyl ring impose a reverse effect on the cation–π interaction and lithium bond. The interaction mechanism in the complexes has been understood with the many-body interaction analysis, electrostatic potentials, and energy decomposition.