高精度星载点目标轨迹跟踪系统设计

一种高精度星载点目标轨迹跟踪系统,利用拟合点目标轨迹曲线的方法将点目标位置数据简化成多项式系数的数据包,由地面测控系统发送至星上遥感器指向控制单元。指向控制单元与时间管理单元解析数据包中时间参数与系数参数,控制指向镜机构进行运动,对点目标轨迹进行自主跟踪。此方法提高了跟踪系统的跟踪精度,减轻了目标跟踪时总线通信压力。经过试验验证,系统的跟踪精度远优于传统的目标跟踪方法,可进行推广使用。     

基于特征点的整数小波目标跟踪方法的研究

基于提升方法的整数小波变换的诸多优点,以Harr整数小波变换为例,提出了动态目标跟踪算法。对标准图像进行整数Harr小波变换,并将提升项取整,对提升项的参数用一定数量训练图像进行学习。选取在训练参数平方和为最小意义上的、使整数小波变换后的图像高频部分具有较大值的点作为特征点。对包含有目标的参考图像进行整数小波变换,选择高频分量具有较大值的点,利用训练过的提升项参数使目标和基准图像配准。由于算法采用整数小波变换,使提取具有较好的鲁棒性,从而实现目标发生旋转、平移及尺度变化等的跟踪过程。仿真实验表明,该方法能对动态运动目标进行跟踪。     

星间光通信系统中多样化波前畸变的小波重构

用小波变换方法对星间光通信中的多样化波前畸变进行重构,并分析了小波重构方法的两项参考指标:重构精度和重构算法复杂度。基于对这两项指标的综合考虑,提出一种最优小波基函数的选取方法。仿真数据表明,利用最优小波基函数选取方法对波前畸变进行重构,较之传统的Zernike多项式拟合方法,具有重构精度高且计算量小的特点。     

基于小波双尺度分析的光电小目标检测

 空间光电图像中的小目标检测可视为对目标信号的奇异值检测问题,而基于小波变换的多尺度分析是信号奇异值检测的重要方法。文中阐述了现有小波多尺度分析方法进行小目标检测的原理,并针对其运用中存在的模极大值线难以搜索以及目标定位精度不高的问题,利用小波函数的对称性及空间小目标信号近似对称的特点,提出了一种通过分析小波大小两个尺度来直接对光电小目标进行检测的方法,并对该方法进行了实现与仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效提高小目标的检测速度和定位精度。     

基于跟踪度的Gabor小波特征跟踪方法的研究

图像的边缘包含了目标的大量特征信息。利用Gabor小波可以从目标图像中提取具有特征位置、角度和尺度的参数。利用这些参数可以重建除均值以外的所有图像信息。图像边缘与均值无关。根据重建图像边缘线段的长度和边缘拟和度以及特征点的个数,提出了跟踪度的概念,分析了跟踪度的性质,并在跟踪度准则指导下确定了跟踪的特征点个数。仿真实验证明,跟踪度反映了目标特征跟踪的可靠程度,提供了跟踪精度的客观标准,为选择特征点个数、平衡计算复杂度和跟踪精度提供了客观的依据。通过对目标进行姿态变换和大面积遮挡的跟踪实验证明,当跟踪度达到0 95以上时就可以稳定地跟踪目标。     

利用可变形Gabor小波特征模板实现目标跟踪

提出了利用贪心算法更新Gabor小波特征模板的方法 ,通过对误差函数最小化实现自适应修正目标特征点位置 .实验证明 ,当所跟踪目标的位置、角度、尺度等二维仿射参量发生变化时 ,可变形Gabor小波特征模板能够实现稳定的目标跟踪     

基于海天线的红外掠海小目标跟踪

针对红外掠海小目标对比度低,容易受到噪声、海面杂波、云层等干扰,导致跟踪失败的问题,提出了一种基于海天线的红外掠海小目标跟踪方法。通过对红外成像系统进行分析,利用拉普拉斯滤波抑制背景噪声,根据图像中海天线的位置信息,确定目标所在区域并进行目标检测。检测出可疑目标后,利用其灰度、尺寸、面积等特征信息,选出真实目标进行跟踪。实验结果表明,该算法对红外掠海小目标有很好的跟踪效果。     

基于RANSAC的空间圆拟合算法及其在机械手运动检测中的应用

为了实现对水下机械手运动范围的检测,研发了一套多目立体视觉测量系统。通过测量机械手末端空间运动轨迹,利用空间圆拟合算法可计算出被测关节的实际运动范围。对其中的核心算法空间圆拟合进行了研究。首先空间圆可看作是由一个平面与球体相交而成,其圆心必定在球体上任意两点连线的中垂面上,可基于空间向量的拟合方法推导出中垂面的方程,与拟合的空间平面联立即可求出空间圆方程,进而利用拟合出来的空间圆的圆心坐标求出圆半径。然后对实际测量过程中的错误跟踪点进行了分析,如果在空间圆拟合的过程中对错误跟踪点不加以去除,则会带来错误的拟合结果,从而会大大影响测量结果的正确性。最后提出了基于RANSAC(Random Sample Consensus)的空间圆拟合算法,它可以从一组包含错误点的测量数据集中通过迭代方式有效剔除粗大误差点,从而估计出数学模型的参数和正确的拟合结果。仿真测试及实际测量实验的结果表明,当粗大误差点所占总测量点数的比例小于20%时,所提出的算法可有效地剔除所有粗大误差点,很好地解决了机械手运动范围检测系统在实际工程应用中所遇到的问题。     

光电经纬仪多目标实时交会方法

为实现实时计算多个目标飞行轨迹,并引导设备跟踪目标,根据目标运动特性和光电经纬仪跟踪测量的固有特性,设计了一种多目标实时交会方法,解决了同名目标点的排序和假目标轨迹剔除问题,最终得到正确的目标轨迹.试验证明,对于跟踪目标N≤3,通信周期50ms的光电经纬仪测量系统,利用该多目标实时交会算法处理测量数据,可实时、精确、稳定引导测量设备进行跟踪工作.     

一种基于小波分析的小目标检测算法

红外小目标检测技术由于其重要的军事意义成为研究热点。根据目标、噪声和背景边缘在小波域的不同特点,提出一种基于小波分析的红外小目标检测算法。该算法利用小波对奇异信号强有力的分析能力,消除了噪声和背景边缘对小目标检测的干扰,实现目标的检出。仿真实验证明该方法对红外图像中的小目标有比较理想的检测效果。     

复杂天空背景下的红外弱小目标跟踪

为解决传统跟踪算法不能有效区分复杂天空云层背景边缘和红外弱小目标,从而在跟踪过程中产生“偏移”的问题。在时空上下文原理基础上分析跟踪“偏移”的原因,引入高斯曲率滤波,提出一种改进的时空上下文红外弱小目标跟踪算法。该算法首先采用高斯曲率滤波对上下文区域进行预处理,在保留上下文区域背景边缘的同时剔除高频的红外弱小目标和噪声,从而获得准确的红外弱小目标置信图,利用红外弱小目标置信图估计出红外弱小目标位置。采用四组复杂天空背景下的红外弱小目标图像序列进行实验,并与经典的模板匹配算法、基于粒子滤波的均值漂移算法和快速压缩跟踪算法三种跟踪算法作比较。实验结果表明,算法在主观视觉和客观评价指标方面均优于其他三种算法,具有更高的目标跟踪精度与较好的实时性,可以实现对复杂天空背景下红外弱小目标的有效跟踪。     

Dim moving target tracking algorithm based on particle discriminative sparse representation

The small dim moving target usually submerged in strong noise, and its motion observability is debased by numerous false alarms for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A target tracking algorithm based on particle filter and discriminative sparse representation is proposed in this paper to cope with the uncertainty of dim moving target tracking. The weight of every particle is the crucial factor to ensuring the accuracy of dim target tracking for particle filter (PF) that can achieve excellent performance even under the situation of non-linear and non-Gaussian motion. In discriminative over-complete dictionary constructed according to image sequence, the target dictionary describes target signal and the background dictionary embeds background clutter. The difference between target particle and background particle is enhanced to a great extent, and the weight of every particle is then measured by means of the residual after reconstruction using the prescribed number of target atoms and their corresponding coefficients. The movement state of dim moving target is then estimated and finally tracked by these weighted particles. Meanwhile, the subspace of over-complete dictionary is updated online by the stochastic estimation algorithm. Some experiments are induced and the experimental results show the proposed algorithm could improve the performance of moving target tracking by enhancing the consistency between the posteriori probability distribution and the moving target state.     

激光主动照明光学系统设计

为提高跟踪测量系统对暗弱目标的探测能力,设计一套自动化激光主动照明光学系统,对跟踪测量视场范围进行主动辅助照明。该系统在0.2~5 km距离处的照明直径均为10 m,计算出其在-20℃及+45℃的温度调焦量,照明仿真结果表明系统照明不均匀性15%。通过研究系统像差对照明均匀性的影响,以及对设计的调光组进行分析,得到调光组移动量与照明距离之间的理论关系,表明自动调节调光组位置即可实现不同照明距离处的均匀照明。设计和分析结果表明,该主动照明系统能够自动调节调光组位置,实现跟踪测量视场内的均匀照明,有利于跟踪测量系统对于暗弱目标的探测。     

粒子区别性稀疏表征的小弱运动目标跟踪算法

评估每个粒子的重要性是确保粒子滤波法跟踪目标准确性的重要因素。针对背景杂波和噪声干扰形成的大量虚警导致小弱目标跟踪识别的随机性和不确定性问题, 提出了一种基于粒子区别性稀疏表征的小弱目标跟踪方法。该方法根据红外图像信号自适应构建分类超完备字典, 即反映目标信号特征的目标字典和表示背景杂波的背景字典, 有利于突出目标粒子和背景粒子在联合分类字典的稀疏表征差异程度;建立基于目标粒子和背景粒子稀疏重构残差差异性的粒子滤波观测模型, 采用随机估计法对字典子空间进行在线更新, 实现对目标状态估计与跟踪。理论分析和试验结果表明, 该方法增强了随机粒子的状态估计能力, 提升了粒子稀疏表征对小弱运动目标的适应能力和跟踪识别准确度。     

Infrared dim small target enhancement using toggle contrast operator

A new infrared dim small target enhancement algorithm based on toggle contrast operator is proposed. Toggle contrast operator is modified and used to construct operators using the image features derived from dilation and erosion operators. Then, based on the constructed operators, the operators which could be used to estimate the clutter background of the original infrared dim small target image are proposed using the same strategy as the definition of opening. Finally, the infrared dim small target is well enhanced through subtracting the estimated background from the original image. Experimental results on infrared images with different types of targets verified that the proposed method could effectively enhance infrared dim small target, which would be very useful for infrared dim small target detection and tracking.     

A new infrared small and dim target detection algorithm based on multi-directional composite window

This work presents a new method based on gray characteristic analysis for infrared dim small target detection under complex backgrounds. Firstly, an improved detection window with eight directions and three layers is introduced to investigate the gray distribution characteristic of different structure in an infrared image. Secondly, we adopt a pretreatment process based on morphology filter and mean filter to reduce the running time and propose a detection rule on characteristic analysis for infrared targets. Meanwhile a new parameter optimization algorithm based on fuzzy control theory is employed so that the detection rule could be independent of the initial parameters. Finally, experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively detect the dim small targets and has better tracking performance.     

运动背景下弱小目标的提取算法

 对低信噪比运动背景下序列图像中弱小目标的提取算法进行了研究，提出一种新的目标提取算法。根据运动背景的相关性和目标运动的连续性，采用背景模板匹配技术，计算各帧背景运动量，去除复杂背景，用自适应预估和阈值分割技术捕获跟踪目标。实验中，结合所研究的算法，对100帧包含低对比度弱小目标的运动图像序列进行了处理。实验结果表明，此方法能有效地实现目标的自动捕获与跟踪，跟踪效率高，跟踪稳定。     

Infrared dim moving target tracking via sparsity-based discriminative classifier and convolutional network

Infrared dim and small target tracking is a great challenging task. The main challenge for target tracking is to account for appearance change of an object, which submerges in the cluttered background. An efficient appearance model that exploits both the global template and local representation over infrared image sequences is constructed for dim moving target tracking. A Sparsity-based Discriminative Classifier (SDC) and a Convolutional Network-based Generative Model (CNGM) are combined with a prior model. In the SDC model, a sparse representation-based algorithm is adopted to calculate the confidence value that assigns more weights to target templates than negative background templates. In the CNGM model, simple cell feature maps are obtained by calculating the convolution between target templates and fixed filters, which are extracted from the target region at the first frame. These maps measure similarities between each filter and local intensity patterns across the target template, therefore encoding its local structural information. Then, all the maps form a representation, preserving the inner geometric layout of a candidate template. Furthermore, the fixed target template set is processed via an efficient prior model. The same operation is applied to candidate templates in the CNGM model. The online update scheme not only accounts for appearance variations but also alleviates the migration problem. At last, collaborative confidence values of particles are utilized to generate particles' importance weights. Experiments on various infrared sequences have validated the tracking capability of the presented algorithm. Experimental results show that this algorithm runs in real-time and provides a higher accuracy than state of the art algorithms.     

基于分块速度域改进迭代运动目标检测算法的红外弱小目标检测

提出一种基于分块速度域的迭代红外运动目标检测算法来解决传统算法计算量巨大这一难题.首先,采用二维最小均方差滤波器对红外序列图像进行滤波,获得包含弱小目标以及残差的红外序列图像.然后,通过在序列图像块的速度域上应用改进的迭代运动目标检测算法进行能量累积,从而将弱小目标的运动速度在速度域进行累积增强,达到检测弱小运动目标的目的.最后在解算出的速度值附近进行搜索,得到弱小目标运动的精确速度.利用此速度进行空域能量累积,得到叠加图像,在此图上进行目标检测.与传统方法相比较,几组实验结果显示,本文提出的方法大大缩短了检测的时间,而且本文方法的检测效果也较好.     

Guided filter and convolutional network based tracking for infrared dim moving target

The dim moving target usually submerges in strong noise, and its motion observability is debased by numerous false alarms for low signal-to-noise ratio. A tracking algorithm that integrates the Guided Image Filter (GIF) and the Convolutional neural network (CNN) into the particle filter framework is presented to cope with the uncertainty of dim targets. First, the initial target template is treated as a guidance to filter incoming templates depending on similarities between the guidance and candidate templates. The GIF algorithm utilizes the structure in the guidance and performs as an edge-preserving smoothing operator. Therefore, the guidance helps to preserve the detail of valuable templates and makes inaccurate ones blurry, alleviating the tracking deviation effectively. Besides, the two-layer CNN method is adopted to obtain a powerful appearance representation. Subsequently, a Bayesian classifier is trained with these discriminative yet strong features. Moreover, an adaptive learning factor is introduced to prevent the update of classifier’s parameters when a target undergoes sever background. At last, classifier responses of particles are utilized to generate particle importance weights and a re-sample procedure preserves samples according to the weight. In the predication stage, a 2-order transition model considers the target velocity to estimate current position. Experimental results demonstrate that the presented algorithm outperforms several relative algorithms in the accuracy.