用双光栅单色仪做钠原子光谱实验

本文介绍用双光栅单位仪做钠原子光谱实验的方法。该方法操作简便，辨识谱线容易，利用记录下的光谱数据可比较精确地求出量子缺，固定项等参数。不仅可以直接观察钠光谱双重线的分裂情况和强度比，还可以观察到锐线系和主线系光谱的清晰边缘和漫线系光谱的弥漫状况。     

色谱－原子光谱应用于环境中痕量金属有机物的分析

不同形态的元素其生物效应差别很大，决定它们在环境中的行为和归宿。金属有机化合物分析属金属形态分析。这类化合物的分离多用色谱法。但色谱所用的检测器如电子捕获检测器、火焰离子化检测器和紫外可见光度计对金属的选择性较差，而原子光谱由于对金属有较好的选择性，用作色谱的检测器可以避免在测定过程中的许多干扰。本报告简要介绍色谱和原子光谱的各种联用方法及其在环境分析中的应用。     

色谱—原子光谱应用于环境中痕量金属有机物的分析

不同形态的元素其生物效应差别很大，决定它们在环境中的行为和归宿。金属有机化合物分析属金属形态分析。这类化合物的分离多用色谱法。但色谱所用的检测器如电子捕获检测器、火焰离子化检测器和紫外可见光度计对金属的选择性较差，而原子光谱由于对金属有较好的选择性，用作色谱的检测器可以避免在测定过程中的许多干扰。本报告简要介绍色谱和原子光谱的各种联用方法及其在环境分析中的应用。     

中国原子光谱发展近况概述SCIEI北大核心CSCD

原子光谱技术作为现代分析检测技术中的一个重要组成部分,在分析领域中占据着举足轻重的地位,而其发展也反映了分析技术的不断改革与创新。综述了中国原子光谱技术近15年来(2000年—2014年)的研究与应用进展。内容涉及原子光谱的多个分支领域,包括原子发射光谱(atomic emission spectrometry,AES),原子吸收光谱(atomic absorption spectrometry,AAS),原子荧光光谱(atomic fluorescence spectrometry,AFS),X射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,XRF)以及原子质谱(atomic mass spectrometry,AMS)五种原子光谱技术,重点关注各技术在检测方法上的创新及其在环境样品、生物样品、食品饮料以及地质材料等相关领域中的应用,并对原子光谱分析中利用到的各种联用技术进行了简要介绍。最后展望了今后我国原子光谱技术的发展方向。     

中国原子光谱发展近况概述

原子光谱技术作为现代分析检测技术中的一个重要组成部分,在分析领域中占据着举足轻重的地位,而其发展也反映了分析技术的不断改革与创新。综述了中国原子光谱技术近15年来(2000年—2014年)的研究与应用进展。内容涉及原子光谱的多个分支领域,包括原子发射光谱(atomic emission spectrometry,AES),原子吸收光谱(atomic absorption spectrometry,AAS),原子荧光光谱(atomic fluorescence spectrometry,AFS),X射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, XRF)以及原子质谱(atomic mass spectrometry,AMS)五种原子光谱技术,重点关注各技术在检测方法上的创新及其在环境样品、生物样品、食品饮料以及地质材料等相关领域中的应用,并对原子光谱分析中利用到的各种联用技术进行了简要介绍。最后展望了今后我国原子光谱技术的发展方向。     

光泵磁共振实验中小信号的讨论

光泵磁共振实验中铷原子光谱具有超精细结构,在磁场中原子的超精细能级产生塞曼分裂,在垂直于产生塞曼分裂的磁场方向,加一射频磁场,并且满足一定条件时在塞曼子能级之间产生磁共振,实验发现除了出现符合跃迁条件的磁共振信号外,还有附加小信号,可用多量子跃迁解释。     

T型微通道中液滴半阻塞不对称分裂行为研究

液滴不对称分裂是获得不同尺寸微液滴的优选方法,研究液滴不对称分裂行为对于生物医学、能源化工及食品工程等领域具有重要意义.本文研制T型微通道芯片并设计搭建T型微通道液滴半阻塞不对称分裂行为可视化实验平台,研究流量调控对微液滴分裂比的影响规律,并建立理论模型对分裂比进行预测,得到以下结论:液滴不对称挤压分裂过程分为挤压前期、挤压后期和快速夹断阶段,在挤压前期,液滴颈部宽度随时间呈线性变化,在挤压后期,颈部宽度随时间呈指数关系,而在快速夹断阶段,液滴颈部向心收缩的界面附加压力占主导,液滴颈部宽度剧烈收缩,呈断崖式减小;调控分支通道流量可对液滴不对称分裂比进行调控,且调控作用受毛细数影响较大;基于液液流动压降模型的液滴分裂比预测模型能够有效预测液滴分裂比.     

自旋因式化法推求等价组态j—j耦合原子光谱项

本文提出了推求等价组态ｊ－ｊ耦合原子光谱项的新方法－自旋因式化法，该法计算过程简单，易于掌握。     

递推-组合法推求j-j耦合光谱项

本文提出了推求等价组态j-j耦合原子光谱项的新方法－－递推－组合法。该法计算过程简单，易于掌握。     

碱金属原子谱项修正讨论

本文讨论碱金属原子光谱项由于非贯穿（极化）与贯穿效应引起的量子亏损△ｌ及在计算中的一些问题，并给出部分计算结果与实验值对比．     

原子捕集—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钯

本文系统地考察了原子捕集测定钯的条件及十余种常见阳离子的干扰情况。在本文所述条件下,用镀Al_2O_3石英管所获得的原子捕集灵敏度较常规原子吸收光谱法高26倍,用K_2Cr_2O_7溶液喷镀的石英管较常规法高208倍。     

The Feasibility of Determining Iodine Directly by Atomic Absorption and Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The main resonance lines of iodine are in the vacuum ultra-violet region of the spectrum (178.3 and 183.Onm), where air and flame gases absorb very strongly. Thus, at first signt, it would appear impossible to determine iodine directly by atomic absorption or fluorescence spectroscopy.     

Molybdenum,Platinum, and Tantalum Metal Atomizers or Vaporizers in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Abstract

The application of metal (tantalum, molybdenum, and platinum) devices in analytical atomic spectrometry is reviewed in this article. These metal devices have been employed in various analytical atomic spectrometric techniques for more than three decades, mainly as electrothermal atomizers or electrothermal vaporizers, in various physical shapes, such as tubes, platforms, loops, and wires (or coils/filaments). Their application spans from atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic emission spectrometry (AES) atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The analytical figures of merit and the practical applications reported for these metal devices are reviewed, and the atomization mechanism on these metal atomizers is briefly summarized, too. In addition, other applications of the metal devices are discussed, including analyte preconcentration by electrodeposition and sequential metal vapor elution analysis (SMVEA). Furthermore, the application of these metals in graphite furnaces encompasses the schemes with the metals in the form of furnace linings, platforms, or impregnated salts.     

原子吸收光谱对碱金属原子蒸气密度与压强的测量方法

利用SERF原子自旋效应能够实现高灵敏度的磁场测量,碱金属原子密度与缓冲气体压强是敏感表头碱金属气室的重要参数,需要精确地测量。提出一种应用原子吸收光谱对碱金属蒸气的原子密度与压强测量方法,通过扫描碱金属原子的吸收光谱,进行Lorentz线型拟合,经解算同时得到原子密度和压强,一次实验获得两个物理量。由于多普勒展宽和压力展宽主要受到碱金属气室温度和缓冲气体压强的影响,从这两个方面进行了仿真分析。结果表明,充入2 amg缓冲气体时,313～513 K温度范围内的Lorentz线型与Voigt线型计算的光子吸收截面积峰值的理论误差始终小于0.015%;缓冲气体压强高于0.6 amg(393 K)时,其峰值误差小于0.1%,表明该条件下多普勒展宽对吸收光谱的影响可以忽略,可用Lorentz线型拟合原子的吸收谱线。最后分析了该方法能够获得的理论分辨率以及激光器的功率波动、波长波动和气室温度波动对测量精度的影响,得出同等条件下温度波动的影响比其他两个因素高1~2个数量级。     

Atomic displacements in bcc dilute alloys

We present here a systematic investigation of the atomic displacements in bcc transition metal (TM) dilute alloys. We have calculated the atomic displacements in bcc (V, Cr, Fe, Nb, Mo, Ta and W) transition metals (TMs) due to 3d, 4d and 5d TMs at the substitutional site using the Kanzaki lattice static method. Wills and Harrison interatomic potential is used to calculate the atomic force constants, the dynamical matrix and the impurity-induced forces. We have thoroughly investigated the atomic displacements using impurities from 3d, 4d and 5d series in the same host metal and the same impurity in different hosts. We have observed a systematic pattern in the atomic displacements for Cr-, Fe-, Nb-, Mo-, Ta-and W-based dilute alloys. The atomic displacements are found to increase with increase in the number of d electrons for all alloys considered except for V dilute alloys. The 3d impurities are found to be more easily dissolved in the 3d host metals than 4d or 5d TMs whereas 4d and 5d impurities show more solubility in 4d and 5d TMs. In general, the relaxation energy calculation suggests that impurities may be easily solvable in 5d TM hosts when compared to 3d or 4d TMs.      

原子吸收光谱分析中石墨炉的原子化效率

本文评述了原子吸收光谱分析中石墨炉原子化效率的研究进展，叙述了基础理论、各种原子化效率公式以及βm,βi(exp),βi(cal)间的关系，讨论了原子化效率研究中需要进一步改善的问题。     

The Significance of Thermally-Assisted Processes in Atomic Absorption

The use of non-resonance lines in atomic absorption spectroscopy has been included in the theoretical treatment of the selection of lines for A.A.S.^1,2, and such lines are not infrequently used on an empirical basis in practical analyses. This aspect of the technique is invariably ignored in reviews and text-books on atomic absorption, however, and has only been given serious consideration in isolated cases^3,4. The object of this publication is to illustrate the significance of thermally-assisted absorption, and the difference between the use of thermally-assisted and resonance absorption lines.     

原子光谱学进展的综述

综述了包括原子吸收光谱,原子荧光光谱,原子发射光谱,电感耦合等离子体质谱,原子光谱分析的进样及预富集系统,元素成分分析及其形态分析,过程分析化学以及用于无机元素分析的传感器。     

Atomic displacements due to interstitial hydrogen in Cu and Pd

The density functional theory (DFT) is used to study the atomic interactions in transition metal-based interstitial alloys. The strain field is calculated in the discrete lattice model using Kanzaki method. The total energy and hence atomic forces between interstitial hydrogen and transition metal hosts are calculated using DFT. The norm-conserving pseudopotentials for H, Cu and Pd are generated self-consistently. The dynamical matrices are evaluated considering interaction up to first nearest neighbors whereas impurity-induced forces are calculated with M₃₂H shell (where M = Cu and Pd). The atomic displacements produced by interstitial hydrogen at the octahedral site in Cu and Pd show displacements of 7.36% and 4.3% of the first nearest neighbors respectively. Both Cu and Pd lattices show lattice expansion due to the presence of hydrogen and the obtained average lattice expansion ΔV/V = 0.177 for Cu and 0.145 for Pd.