工程热物理学报2005年第26卷总目录

燃气轮机中间回热循环性能分析………………………………………………………….-江丽霞蔡睿贤 碳酸二甲酯与柴油混合物粘度的实验研究…………………………………刘志刚毕胜山吴江涛孟现阳 适用于复合制冷系统辐射制冷器的研究…………………………………..王小军潘雁频何雅玲陈纯正 小流量涡流管特性的实验研究…………………………·曹勇刘加永公茂琼罗二仓吴剑峰陈光明 新型MIp’一Alo.3Gao.7As/p-n—n GaAs太阳电池的设计与I-V特性理论分析………·涂洁磊陈庭金王履芳 单元式空调机能效水平分析……………………………………··卢…     

火电厂综合能效评价模型的探索

本文对17个1000 MW的火电机组的能效水平进行了综合评价。基于三个子指标:发电煤耗率、厂用电率和综合耗水率,首先采用主观的层次分析法和客观的熵权法相结合确定了各子指标的权重;其次分别采用可拓物元模型和逼近理想值的排序方法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)对待评价机组分别进行能效等级判断和能效水平排序。对典型机组,两种模型的实施结果与基于数据的理论分析结果相一致。如果将两种模型配合使用,可实现对火电机组能效水平的完整评价。     

机房专用空调性能研究

以名义制冷量为40kW的机房专用空调为对象,研究被控温度24℃、相对湿度50%,冷凝器进风温度-5~35℃条件下的机房空调性能。用焓差实验室测试空调机在不同冷凝温度条件下的性能参数,从而分析系统各部件的匹配关系、整机性能及在变冷凝温度下的综合性能。实验结果表明,调整蒸发器结构、增加风速、合理匹配热量膨胀阀,降低系统部件和管道阻力等,能使机房空调机在标准制冷工况下COP、变工况下COP以及综合COP都有较大幅度提高。     

基于标准检测技术的家用空调节能方法探讨

文中在对采用不同节能技术的家用空调器开展了认真、详尽地检测的基础上,得到各种节能技术空调器的能效水平和节能效果;在此基础上进行了节能效果和经济性评价与分析,最后对家用空调器节能技术前景进行了展望。     

R404A、R407C在船用空调中替代R22的实验分析

以单元式空调的IPLV测试工况为依据,进行某船用空调系统R404A和R407C替代R22的性能测试,得出了吸、排气压力,排气温度,制冷量,功耗及COP随冷凝器进水温度的变化规律。     

基于GARCH模型的火电厂综合能效影响因素分析

本文以600 MW的火电机组为对象,基于机组运行经济性和环境约束的角度,选取了5个指标:发电煤耗率、厂用电率、发电综合耗水率、发电油耗和脱硫效率,利用计量经济学模型——GARCH(Generalised AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity)模型和多元回归法(MultipleRegression Method)构成新式耦合模型,对火电厂的综合能效进行了计算分析。并同时采用VAR(Vector AutoRegressive)模型验证了所提出的耦合模型的准确性。该方法不仅能够无人工干预的评价出火电厂节能的综合水平,还可将每个指标对综合能效的影响定量化。     

LED背光显示器对不同年龄人视网膜照度、节律效应和蓝光危害的影响

研究了视网膜照度、节律效应和蓝光危害随年龄的变化规律.采用光谱仪测量了4款常见发光二极管背光显示器显示白色和蓝色时的归一化光谱分布,然后结合不同年龄人眼的晶状体透射谱,计算了视网膜照度因子、节律因子和蓝光危害能效因子,得到三者与年龄的变化规律.研究表明:对于同一发光二极管背光显示器,视网膜照度因子、节律因子和蓝光危害能效因子均随年龄的增加而显著减小;同一人眼的视网膜照度因子随显示器类型的变化较小;对于年轻人,不同类型显示器的蓝光危害能效因子和节律因子差异明显,特别是显示蓝色时,但是,对于老年人,不同类型显示器的蓝光危害能效因子和节律因子差异较小.     

新型金属蜂窝板燃烧器的高效燃烧现象分析

新型金属蜂窝板燃烧器是通过采用双层或多层金属薄片制成,能有效地解决普通燃气灶具燃烧器存在的不足,使产品结构更加合理完善,性能更加稳定可靠,能效更加优越。本文以红外燃气灶具的核心部件—新型金属蜂窝板燃烧器为研究对象,利用红外摄像仪对红外燃气灶具和普通燃气灶具进行了对比研究。结果表明,红外燃气灶的火焰集中,温度分布均匀,燃烧效率比普通燃气灶高12.7%。     

基于自然冷却的数据中心空调节能和经济性研究

绿色数据中心建设的关键之一是机房空调系统的节能设计和运行管理。建立了直膨式、双冷源冷水和热管复合式三类风冷空调系统的能效模型,依据广州、上海、北京和哈尔滨四个地区的气象数据,设定相同的空调负荷和回风参数,对三类空调的年均能效(AEER)进行对比分析,由南至北随着年均气温降低其AEER逐渐提高,分别为4.00~4.38、4.02~7.06、4.24~8.14,相比前二类空调系统,热管复合式的节能率分别提高5.6%~46%和5.0%~13.3%;应用技术经济评价方法,计算了三类机房空调系统在上述四个地区的动态费用年值,对比显示热管复合式空调系统的费用年值分别降低2.1%~39%和3.5%~9.7%。     

EBE技术在结构分析中应用（Ⅳ）—EBE—PCG法的并行实现

以配置在局部存储器和共享存储器的多处理机系统应用的硬件环境。讨论文（１）中提出的ＥＢＥ－ＰＣＧ法的实现问题，特别讨论了与任务的配置，数据的存储与访问以及通讯同步有关的问题。最后利用的该算法在神州２－２４０超并行计算机系统上实现了一个结构静力分析问题的计算。结果表明它能效节省存储量具在并行计算时有能效提高运算速度，是一种有效的超大规模工程结构分析问题的求解方法。     

湿工况开停控制空调系统季节能效比的研究

研究湿工况开停控制空调系统的季节能效比,分析间歇运行停机过程中的能量损失及对季节能效比的影响。     

Bulk properties and collective modes of a trapped strongly interacting fermi gas near the unitary limit regime

We investigate the properties of a trapped two-component, Fermi gas near the unitary limit regime. The bulk properties are discussed through a quasi-linear approximation with a medium dependent effective interaction. The obtained ground state energy for the unitary fermion system is in good agreement with existing theoretical predictions as well as experimental results. Within the framework of hydrodynamics, the radial and axial frequencies of the breathing modes are analyzed in detail. Applied to the cigar shaped harmonic trap, the theoretical results are reasonably consistent with the experimental measurements.     

应用于PFN-Marx发生器重频充电的紧凑空心脉冲变压器

通过理论分析研究了一种高能量转换效率(高于50%)的紧凑重频空心脉冲变压器。这种脉冲变压器可以应用于PFN-Marx发生器的重频充电。通过深入分析脉冲变压器的等效模型,得到了脉冲变压器能量转换效率、次级电压峰值、初级电流峰值以及初级电流变化率最大值的表达式,并与Pspice软件的模拟结果进行比较。结果表明:理论计算的电压、电流波形与模拟计算结果基本一致,验证了理论分析的正确性。同时,通过理论分析得到了能量效率大于50%的脉冲变压器结构尺寸。     

固态同位素β源选择对直充式核电池性能的影响

直充式核电池具有工作寿命长、结构简单、开路电压高、易微型化等优点,具有广泛的应用前景。目前,国内外对直充式核电池同位素源的选择多集中在同位素β源,尚未对不同同位素β源进行系统的分析对比。针对此问题,通过理论计算及SuperMC建模处理,研究了3H（Ti3H₂）、14C,35S,45Ca,63Ni及147Pm六种固态同位素β源对直充式核电池的能量转换效率及理论输出功率的影响。结果显示,能量转换效率随源衰变粒子平均能量的升高而增大;理论输出功率及功率密度与源半衰期成反比。综合工作寿命、输出功率及能量转换效率,建议选用147Pm同位素源。     

D-Dimensional Dirac Fermions BEC-BCS Crossover Thermodynamics

An effective relativistic continuum massive Proca Lagrangian action is used to account for the Lorentz vector condensation effects on the equation of state of the strongly interacting fermions system. The interior quantum fluctuation effects are incorporated as an external field approximation indirectly through a fictive generalized Thomson problem counterterm background. The general analytical formulas for the d-dimensional thermodynamics are given near the unitary limit region. In the non-relativistic limit for d=3, the universal dimensionless coefficient ξ=4/9 and energy gap Δ/ε_f=5/18 are reasonably consistent with the existing theoretical and experimental results. In the unitary limit for d=2 and T=0, the universal coefficient can even approach the extreme occasion ξ=0 corresponding to the infinite effective fermion mass m^*=∞, which can be mapped to the strongly coupled two-dimensional electrons and is quite similar to the three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensation of ideal boson gas. Instead, for d=1, the universal coefficient ξ is negative, implying the non-existence of phase transition from superfluidity to normal state. The solutions manifest the quantum Ising universal class characteristic of the strongly coupled unitary fermions gas.     

脉冲形成网络能量传递效率分析

采用无感陶瓷电容器作为储能介质,相邻电容器采用宽度为2 cm、厚度为0.2 cm的金属铝条相连接,设计了2.5Ω,200 ns低阻抗Blumlein型脉冲形成网络。理论计算表明,当频率等于2.5 MHz时,相邻电容器之间导线的高频电阻约为3.2 mΩ;基于Pspice仿真软件的模拟结果表明,设计的脉冲形成网络能量传递效率可以达到94.92%;实验研究结果表明,在2.6Ω负载条件下,该脉冲形成网络的电压传递效率约为93.53%,能量传递效率约为93.22%。实验结果与理论分析结果基本吻合。     

Evidence for the two-pole structure of the lambda(1405) resonance

The K- p --> pi0pi0sigma0 reaction is studied within a chiral unitary model. The distribution of pi0sigma0 states forming the lambda(1405) shows, in agreement with a recent experiment, a peak at 1420 MeV and a relatively narrow width of gamma = 38 MeV. The mechanism for the reaction is largely dominated by the emission of a pi0 prior to the K- p interaction leading to the lambda(1405). This ensures the coupling of the lambda(1405) to the K- p channel, thus maximizing the contribution of the second state found in chiral unitary theories, which is narrow and of higher energy than the nominal lambda(1405). This is unlike the pi- p --> K0pisigma reaction, which gives more weight to the pole at lower energy and with a larger width. The data of these two experiments, together with the present theoretical analysis, provide firm evidence of the two-pole structure of the lambda(1405).     

A stable and conservative high order multi-block method for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations

A stable and conservative high order multi-block method for the time-dependent compressible Navier–Stokes equations has been developed. Stability and conservation are proved using summation-by-parts operators, weak interface conditions and the energy method. This development makes it possible to exploit the efficiency of the high order finite difference method for non-trivial geometries. The computational results corroborate the theoretical analysis.     

Polaron formalism applied to donor-acceptor pairs in semiconductors

The effective hamiltonian for the electronic states of a donor-acceptor pair in a polar semiconductor is formulated as a Fröhlich hamiltonian generalized to an electron and a positive hole interacting in the field of the positive donor and negative acceptor cores. The polarization of the lattice by the ion cores is simplified by a Platzman transformation; that by the electron and positive hole, by a further unitary transformation in the adiabatic approximation. The total effective hamiltonian including the lattice polarization energy is then considered for application of the variational principle to determine the parameters of the electron and positive hole effective mass functions. The Inglis-Williams analysis of the zero-phonon luminescent spactra of pairs is reconciled with the present theory by determining what single effective hamiltonian for the excited electronic state is consistent with their theoretical spactra. Within the approximations of their analysis, which are clarified, it is found to be the total effective hamiltonian. Finally, a more general and rigorously-derived effective hamiltonian is presented for the direct theoretical determination of the zero-phonon radiative transition energies of donor-acceptor pairs in compound semiconductors.     

电感支撑磁绝缘传输线的设计与初步实验

 为了研究电感支撑内筒对磁绝缘传输线(MITL)功率流传输的影响,设计了一套电感支撑的MITL及其诊断系统,对MITL各个位置电参数进行了测量,获得了MITL阴阳极电流波形和MITL电压波形。其中一发支撑前阴极电流为90.08 kA,支撑后阴极电流为93.88 kA,阴极电流传输效率为95.96%,多次实验传输效率平均值为92.8%,证实了电感支撑MITL的可行性。