条纹相机测量中的光束取样

从实验上探讨了用条纹相机测量大口径高功率固体激光束的脉冲波形时,取样光斑的大小对波形的精细结构与脉宽的影响。     

用脉冲激光全息干涉术测量稠密等离子体电子密度分布

利用脉冲激光作为探测光源,采用全息双曝光法对激光惯性约束核聚变高温高稠度等离子体的诊断,开发了原理上全新的诊断方法.打靶主激光与探测激光实现严格同步Δt≤10^-11～10^-10s,可获得高空间分辨率Δδ≤1μm等离子体二维图象(阴影图象和干涉图象),并保证时间分辨率Δt达到10^-11s左右.记录等离子体折射率空间分布是测定密度剖面变化和计算等离子体流体动力学参量的基础.     

A proposed semiconductor laser pump-probe source

A model is presented which determines the output from a semiconductor laser as a function of the direct current (d.c.) and radio frequency (r.f.) current applied to the laser. It is shown that by adjusting these two components the output optical pulse from a laser can be shifted in time without change to the pulse shape or height. Experimental results are presented which support the model. It is suggested how these results can be used to produce a semiconductor pump-probe source, which is essential for the development of optical probing.     

Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera

A dazzling experiment was performed on a 64-stage TDI CCD camera using a 20 Hz repetition frequency picoseconds pulse laser, during which we found a new dazzling effect in which the fringes appeared in the video of the camera beside the saturation spot induced by the laser. We considered it to be the scattered light of the repetition frequency laser pulse to have induced the phenomenon. Width and visibility of the fringes recorded the information of the scattered light, such as repetitive frequency, pulse width and intensity distribution. With the assumption that the laser pulse width is less than one stage integral time of TDI CCD, width expressions for the fringes and space between the fringes were given using the repetitive frequency of laser pulse, row output frequency and integral stage number of the TDI CCD camera.     

准分子激光等离子体开关控制脉宽研究

 利用准分子激光等离子体技术，在紫外预电离XeCl准分子激光器上获得了最短1.58 ns的短脉冲激光输出。实验中分析了聚焦到薄膜表面的光束能量密度对所产生的等离子体密度的影响，并对不同等离子体密度及维持时间情况下脉冲压缩效果进行了讨论，给出了激光器谐振腔在稳定腔及非稳腔两种工作方式下的实验结果。激光器在稳定腔工作时，脉宽可压缩至2.87 ns；采用非稳腔结构时，在脉冲能量不变情况下减小聚焦光斑面积，提高入射到薄膜表面的能量密度，得到了最短1.58 ns的短脉冲激光输出。该技术适用于任何其它准分子器件。     

Effect of Laser Pulse on Arc Plasma and Magnesium Target in Low-Power Laser/Arc Hybrid Welding

Low-power laser/arc hybrid welding process of magnesium alloy shows that the weld capability of tungsten-inert-gas arc is improved under the action of laser pulses. The effect of laser pulse on arc plasma is analyzed by studying the plasma spectra, plasma shapes, and arc voltage in this paper. On the one hand, laser pulse attracts arc plasma to laser keyhole and improves the stability of arc plasma; on the other hand, laser pulse expands the arc plasma and concentrates the electric conducting route of arc plasma. All these increase the output power and energy density of arc plasma, so the welding penetration is improved. In addition, laser pulses are controlled to act on the negative wave of alternating-current arc (the target metal has negative polarity) in hybrid welding process to improve the stability of arc plasma and weld penetration.      

Design of Highly Directive Ni-Like Ag X-Ray Laser at 13.9nm

We theoretically investigate a 13.9nm Ni-like Ag x-ray laser using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic code coupled with an atomic physics data package. The population inversion is transiently pumped by a grazing incident 0.5ps main pulse irradiating into an optimized plasma, which is generated by a normal incidence 300ps pulse and a subsequent grazing incidence 300ps pulse. The effect of the grazing-incidence angle on the source position of the output x-ray laser is investigated. Near zero deflecting angle is found for the peak output intensity of the Ni-like Ag x-ray lasers, with a small FWHM divergence of 5mrad. It is predicted that saturation can be achieved with a total pump energy of 165mJ.     

On noise and fluctuations in a synchronously mode-locked cw laser system

A single-shot and synchronously-scanned streak camera, autocorrelation and noise spectrum analysing techniques are utilized to study the output characteristics of synchronously mode-locked cw lasers. Four main conclusions are drawn: (i) the pulse train from a synchronously-pumped dye laser reveals, besides phase jitter, considerable pulse shape fluctuations; (ii) autocorrelation measurements may be highly misleading when actual pulse shapes are considered; (iii) both the phase jitter and pulse shape fluctuations of the dye laser output are caused by the phase fluctuations of the pumping ion laser pulse train; (iv) the phase jitter of the ion laser proceeds from the fluctuations in the cavity roundtrip time with a characteristic time of about 5 s. Under optimum conditions the rms noise of the dye laser output was 2% and the phase jitter with respect to the rf sine drive of the acousto-optical mode-locker, 30 ps. A qualitative explanation fo the noise properties is given.     

荧光法研究空气等离子体膨胀动力学过程

基于等离子体荧光法研究了Nd∶YAG纳秒1 064 nm激光脉冲诱导击穿空气等离子体的膨胀动力学过程,用ICCD相机捕获了不同激光脉冲能量诱导的空气等离子体随时间演化图像,给出激光能量100,150,200,300 mJ时击穿空气产生的空气等离子体波阵面前沿的膨胀距离,推演出空气等离子体的扩展速度。实验结果表明等离子体发光区域主要分布在等离子体膨胀区域,等离子体荧光强度随时间增加变强然后渐渐变弱,膨胀区域逐渐增大,在300 mJ,22 ns膨胀距离最大达到3.76 mm,等离子体扩展速度在膨胀初期达到105 m·s-1量级,在膨胀16 ns内迅速衰减,随后趋于平缓。激光脉冲能量越大,引起空气击穿的时刻靠近高斯激光脉冲上升阶段。     

X射线条纹相机紫外光时标研究

 报导了一种采用超短紫外光脉冲作为X 射线条纹相机时标系统的方法。时标光脉冲来自用多模石英光纤耦合的波长为1.06μm 四倍频超短紫外光脉冲激光系统。时标光脉冲与打靶产生的X 射线均被X 射线条纹相机接收, 以用来测定激光打靶时X 射线产生的相对时间关系或相机之间同步的时间关系。实验得到通过光纤引导的时标光脉冲宽度约为30ps。     

激光诱导等离子体开关控制脉宽实验研究

 利用激光诱导等离子体开关技术，在1 064 nm的Nd：YAG固体激光器上获得了脉宽4.4~6.4 ns的短脉冲激光输出。激光电离空气产生的等离子体开关控制脉冲宽度时，聚焦透镜焦距越短，压缩后的脉宽越窄，但激光能量损耗越大。压缩后的激光脉宽与激光能量近似成双曲线关系。在控制脉宽光路的焦点处放置带孔的Cu薄片可抑制等离子体的扩散，得到了脉宽最短可达4.4 ns的激光输出。     

抽运激光聚焦特性对预脉冲诱导的类氖J=0→1 X射线激光近场像的影响

研究了在最佳除焦、预脉冲光束单独散焦及主预脉 时散焦三种不同抽运激光聚焦条件下,预脉冲诱导的类氖铁和锌Ｊ＝０→１Ｘ射线激光的近场像。本实验是在Ａｓｔｅｒｉ ｉｖ磺激光装置上进行的,实验中主、预脉冲间的时间间隔为５ｎｓ。实验发现在抽运激光主、预脉冲最佳聚焦条件下,Ｘ射线激光束在２．５ｃｍ长的线状等离子体输出端沿靶面（垂直）方向分裂成两束;在抽运预脉冲单独散焦条件下,仍然观察到这一分裂现象;但是当抽运     

基于双程放大的毛细管放电69.8 nm激光增益特性

建立了类氖氩C线69.8 nm激光的双程放大实验后反射腔结构,利用45 cm长毛细管作为放电负载得到了其双程放大输出.在相同初始实验条件下,分别测量了单程放大输出与双程放大输出的激光脉冲光强、脉冲宽度以及激光束散角.通过对比单程与双程输出实验结果,利用双程放大激光光强的计算公式,分析得到了增益持续时间大于4 ns,以及增益在毛细管径向上的分布特点.以上结果为建立谐振腔进行毛细管放电类氖氩激光的多程放大实验奠定了基础.     

kJ级宽带低相干激光驱动装置

激光等离子体相互作用的不稳定性将有望通过降低高功率激光装置输出光束的相干性得到大幅缓解。利用低相干光源作为种子源，采用钕玻璃放大介质，研制成功国际首台kJ级大带宽低相干激光装置，实现了带宽13 nm、能量960 J、脉宽3～10 ns可调，相干时间仅为300 fs的大能量光脉冲输出。输出脉冲光谱匀滑无纵模结构，且谱相位随机分布，可实现脉冲波形和光谱分布的无关联精密调控。该装置不仅成功演示验证了低相干激光驱动器的单元技术及系统集成技术，同时也为激光等离子体相互作用及高能量密度物理研究提供了全新的实验研究平台。     

焦耳量级光抽运XeF蓝绿激光器

阐述了焦耳量级XeF(C-A)激光器的总体设计及抽运源辐射能力的测试方法,分析了XeF(C-A)激光特性参量与XeF2初始浓度、输出透过率以及气体成分之间的关系。抽运源采用紧凑型结构,有效地减小了放电回路面积,使回路电感降低到330nH,从而使放电沉积效率达到74%,抽运源平均沉积功率密度达到12MW/cm。利用分幅相机拍摄了XeF2光解离波并对抽运源辐射能力进行了诊断,抽运源辐射在140~170nm波段的光子出射通量达到5×1023s-1.cm-2,辐射亮度温度高于25kK。激光器有效激活长度80cm,采用平凹谐振腔,激光器获得了稳定的焦耳级能量输出,最大输出能量2.5J,总转换效率0.1%,激光脉宽约为700ns。     

一种激光驱动的超短X射线光源

介绍一种可产生超短脉冲的新型Ｘ射线光源。它由多碱光电阴极、金靶及铍输出窗组成，当该射线管的阴极受到强光照射时，产生光电子发射，并经电场加速后轰击金靶，产生连续谱的Ｘ射线轫致辐射，经铍窗输出。用超短的可见光脉冲驱动该光源，并借助Ｘ射线扫描相机测量了该管的Ｘ射线输出，获得了５ｐｓ的Ｘ射线脉冲，这种光源可方便地用来标定Ｘ射线扫描相机的时间分辨率，此种产生超短电子脉冲的方法可在其他方面获得应用。     

Diagnostics of picosecond laser pulse absorption in preformed plasma

We present results where highly supersonic plasma jets and accelerated plasma fragments are generated by interaction of an intense picosecond laser pulse with a metallic target (Al, Cu, W, and Ta) in gas atmosphere. The formation of jets and well-localized massive plasma fragments occurs when a strong forward shock from a main laser pulse and a reverse shock from a pre-pulse meet to. Interferometric and shadow graphic measurements with high temporal (100 ps) and spatial (1 μm) resolution yield information about the formation and evolution of plasma jets and plasma fragments. The excitation of the electric and self-generated magnetic field by ponderomotive force during propagation of the laser pulse in a gas atmosphere was investigated as well. It had been shown previously that under certain conditions a hollow current channel can be generated in laser-produced plasma. The azimuthal magnetic field in such a micro-channel was determined by Faraday rotation of a probing laser beam to be 7.6 MGauss (MG). Ion acceleration in a pinched annular current channel up to 8 MeV analogous to micro-“plasma focus” conditions, may be realized at lengths of 100 μm. Self-generated magnetic fields of 4-7 MG have also been measured in thin skin layers in front of shock waves, where well-collimated plasma blocks were separated and accelerated away from the plasma body. The velocity of dense plasma blocks reaches values of order of 3 × 10⁸ cm/s and they are stable during acceleration and propagation in gas.     

用于等离子体诊断的ps激光探针

 ps激光探针作为激光等离子体诊断的探针光源，它是通过两次倍频和两次受激喇曼散射，将波长为1 054nm、脉宽约为1ns激光转换成波长为308nm、脉宽小于30ps的紫外光。研究结果表明：探针光系统输出能量大于1mJ，脉宽小于30ps，均匀性较好，运行成功率大于90%，满足了激光等离子体诊断的要求。     

预主脉冲辐照平面靶产生X射线激光的自相似模型

利用自相似方法，定量地描述了预脉冲辐照平面靶产生Ｘ射线激光的物理过程，解析给出了各物理参量之间的关系，计算结果与实验符合的较好。结果表明：合理地选择预、主激光脉冲的能量的时间间隔，就可以在较低能量的激光装置上产生较强的Ｘ射线激光输出。这一结果为简化预脉冲条件下平面靶Ｘ射线激光的实验设计 乍观定量地解释实验结果了一套有用的工具。     

Generation of 1.5-12 ns width-tunable 532 nm pulses by adopting laser-induced plasma shutter technique

The pulse-shaping technique has found widespread applications in nonlinear optics and material processing. Experimental research on laser-induced plasma shutter to control the 532 nm pulse width is conducted. The impacts of the total pulse output energy on pulse compression are investigated, and a useful conclusion can be drawn that there exists an optimal value of pulse energy at which the shortest output pulse of 3.23 ns can be obtained without a device for delay-time. Once the device for delay-time is employed to change the optical differences between two laser paths, the pulse width can be further shortened to 1.51 ns. In short, the 1.5-12 ns width-tunable 532 nm laser pulses have been obtained by adopting the laser-induced plasma shutter technique.