驾驶者行为选择对十字路口通行能力的影响

考虑通过十字路口时左转车辆和直行车辆发生路权冲突时的不同驾驶者行为,将驾驶者分为跟随型驾驶者和谦让型驾驶者,并建立了左转车辆通过十字路口的模型,研究不同的驾驶者行为选择对十字路口通行能力的影响。结果表明,随着交通流量逐渐增加,驾驶者的行为越趋向于跟随时,十字路口的通行能力将会急剧降低;而当驾驶者的行为趋向于谦让时,十字路口的通行能力甚至优于有交警指挥的情形。该结果很好地解释了在行车高峰期中国十字路口堵塞的原因,即驾驶者的行为选择,可以通过改变驾驶者的行为选择和在交通流量达到一定的饱和度时派出交警来改善十字路口的通行能力。     

基于上限理论的孔隙水压力作用下隧道洞口段含裂缝仰坡稳定性分析

研究了孔隙水压力作用下隧道洞口段含裂缝仰坡的稳定性。采用极限分析上限法,构建了坡顶含竖向裂缝的对数螺旋转动破坏机制,推导了可反映边坡临界坡高的稳定系数计算公式,将计算结果与未考虑孔隙水压力作用下的含裂缝边坡稳定性极限分析结果进行对比,验证了所提研究方法的合理性。通过算例分析,研究了坡顶裂缝最不利位置分布及仰坡整体安全系数。结果表明:坡顶裂缝开裂深度、土体内摩擦角、坡角越大及水位分布越浅,裂缝位置越靠近坡顶边缘处;孔隙水压力系数、坡顶裂缝开裂深度越大,仰坡稳定性系数越小;坡顶裂缝越深、孔隙水压力系数越大、边坡越陡,越不利于仰坡稳定;而坡内水位分布越低,越有利于仰坡稳定。     

Effect of contact stiffness modulation in contact-mode AFM under subharmonic excitation

We report on the effect of fast contact stiffness modulation on frequency response to 2:1 subharmonic resonance in contact-mode atomic force microscopy. The model of the contact-mode dynamic between the tip of the microbeam and the moving surface consists of a lumped single degree of freedom Hertzian contact oscillator. Perturbation methods are applied to obtain the frequency response of the slow dynamic of the system. We focus on the effect of the amplitude and the frequency of the modulation on the nonlinear characteristic of the contact stiffness, the jump phenomenon and the shift in the frequency response of the subharmonic. We also show the effect of the contact stiffness modulation on the interval of the unstable trivial solution which is directly correlated to the depth of the jump. The obtained results can directly influence the material properties and the loss of contact between the tip and the sample.     

废弃食品回流再造问题的产品价格分析

针对废弃食品回流再造的食品安全问题,建立相关利益主体包括食品制造商、废弃食品收购者在各自独立以及作为利益共同体的不同条件下的优化模型,分析新生产食品价格和回流再造食品价格以及相应的利润、影响因素.结果表明:作为同一利益主体,生产制造昂贵食品对食品制造商获利不利,而回流再造成本越低,对食品制造商通过回流再造获利是有利的;若食品制造商和收购者各自独立决定价格,收购者进行回流再造的行为会干扰当前食品零售市场;由于回流再造食品的价格比较优势,在信息不对称时消费者会倾向选择回流再造食品.     

Local defect modelling and nonlinear dynamic analysis for the inter-shaft bearing in a dual-rotor system

This paper presents a force model for the inter-shaft bearing with a local defect on the surface of the outer race or the inner race, and the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a dual-rotor system affected by the local defect are investigated. A simplified dual-rotor system is presented with the consideration of the inter-shaft bearing's nonlinearities such as the Hertzian contact force and the radial clearance. The local defect is considered as a regular dent with a constant depth, thus the radial clearance will increase when rolling elements go through the range of the local defect. The motion equations of the system with eight degrees of freedom are formulated by using the Lagrange's equation. The nonlinear vibration responses of the dual-rotor system affected by the local defect are obtained using numerical method. The results show that there exist four abnormal resonances on the amplitude frequency curves of the system due to the effect of the local defect, apart from the couple of primary resonances excited by the unbalance excitations of the two rotors. With the aid of the characteristic defect frequency analysis, it is revealed that one pair of the abnormal resonances are excited by the characteristic defect frequency, and the other pair of the abnormal resonances are excited by the combination frequency. Furthermore, a comprehensive parametric analysis is carried out to give an insight into the nonlinear resonant response characteristics affected by parameters such as the depth and the span of the defect, the rotation speed ratio, the unbalances of two rotors, the stiffness and the damping of the linear elastic spring, and the radial clearance, the stiffness and the roller number of the inter-shaft bearing. The results show that the vibration amplitudes for the abnormal resonances are mainly determined by the depth and the span of the defect, while the resonant frequencies for the abnormal resonances are mainly influenced by the rotation speed ratio and the roller number of the inter-shaft bearing. However, the rotors’ unbalances mainly affect the corresponding primary resonance rather than the abnormal resonances. The obtained results will contribute to a better understanding of the nonlinear resonant response characteristics of dual-rotor systems with a local defect on the inter-shaft bearing, which are helpful for the fault diagnostics of the inter-shaft bearing in a dual-rotor system.     

考虑质押物损耗的存货质押融资合约设计

研究易损耗物品质押融资中金融机构与第三方物流服务供应商(Third Party Logistics Service Provider, 3PLs)的合约设计问题。在存货被质押期间,3PLs的监管付出程度会对金融机构的期望收益产生影响。因此,金融机构应赋予3PLs一份激励合约,以刺激3PLs提高监管努力水平。考虑存货在质押期间发生损耗的基础上,建立金融机构与3PLs进行合作的期望收益函数,分析金融机构与3PLs采用委托监管、共同经营及统一授信等模式时的固定支付与激励系数特征,推导每种模式下3PLs的最优监管努力水平。通过数值算例对三种模式下的期望收益水平进行比较,并考察损耗率、努力成本系数和价值变现系数变动对决策变量的影响。结果表明:价值变现系数存在一个临界值,当价值变现系数小于该临界值时,统一授信模式的总期望收益最大;而当价值变现系数大于该临界值时,委托监管模式的总期望收益最大。     

一种便于摄动分析的编队飞行卫星相对运动的描述

定义了一组参数来描述卫星编队飞行的相对运动,称为相对轨道要素．利用它可以方便地分析摄动对相对轨道构形的影响以及卫星编队队形的几何特点．首先,对相对轨道要素给予了详细的推导,指出当主星偏心率为小量时,在主星轨道坐标系中相对轨道是一椭圆柱和一平面相交所得的交线,用描述该椭圆柱和平面的参数即可确定相对轨道构形,进而提出了相对轨道要素．其次,利用相对轨道要素对相对轨道进行地球扁率摄动分析,指出相对轨道构形的变化由两部分组成:一是椭圆柱的漂移导致相对轨道中心的漂移,二是平面法线的章动和进动引起相对轨道平面转动,同时还给出了地球扁率摄动下相对轨道构形漂移率及转动率的解析公式．最后,针对J2摄动分析了卫星编队相对轨道构形的变化以及相对轨道构形的漂移量和转动量．     

On the convergence of the vortex loop method with regularization for the Neumann boundary value problem on a plane screen

We consider a linear integral equation with a supersingular integral treated in the sense of the Hadamard finite value, which arises in the solution of the Neumann boundary value problem for the Laplace equation with the representation of the solution in the form of a doublelayer potential. We consider the case in which the exterior boundary value problem is solved outside a plane surface (a screen). For the integral operator in the above-mentioned equation, we suggest quadrature formulas of the vortex loop method with regularization, which provide its approximation on the entire surface when using an unstructured partition. In the problem in question, the derivative of the unknown density of the double-layer potential, as well as the errors of quadrature formulas, has singularities in a neighborhood of the screen edge. We construct a numerical scheme for the integral equation on the basis of the suggested quadrature formulas and prove an estimate for the norm of the inverse matrix of the resulting system of linear equations and the uniform convergence of the numerical solutions to the exact solution of the supersingular integral equation on the grid.     

多态防护系统可靠性及重要度分析

在装备防护系统中,系统中的所有部件都可能会受到攻击,为了降低攻击成功的概率,部件的防护层有多个状态,从完全失效状态到完好状态,部件的防护功能依次增加。本文分析了部件防护层的状态变化规律,研究了当部件受到攻击存活和故障时的平均性能变化机理。然后基于系统结构函数,分别给出了防护层的Birnbaum重要度和综合重要度,分析了当部件防护层的状态发生变化时,系统性能的变化规律和特性;并考虑部件防护层的状态转移率,分析了在多种状态变化情况下的防护层提升对系统性能的影响。最后针对某直升机的航空动力装置系统,分析了不同部件防护层对系统性能的影响,并比较了Birnbaum重要度和综合重要度的不同,验证了提出方法的正确性和有效性。     

Analysis of the stress singularity for a bi-material V-notch by the boundary element method

A new algorithm coupling the boundary element technique with the characteristic expansion method is proposed for the computation of the singular stress field in the V-notched bi-material structure. After the stress asymptotic expansions are introduced into the linear elasticity equilibrium equations, the governing equations at the small sector dug out from the bi-material V-notch tip region are transformed into the ordinary differential eigen-equations. All the parameters in the asymptotic expansions except the combination coefficients can be achieved by solving the established eigen-equations with the interpolating matrix method. Furthermore, the conventional boundary element method is applied to modeling the remaining structure without the notch tip region. The combination coefficients in the asymptotic expansion forms can be computed by the discretized boundary integral equations. Thus, the singular stress field at the V-notch tip and the generalized stress intensity factors of the bi-material notch are successfully calculated. The accurate singular stress field obtained here is very useful in the evaluation of the fracture property and the fatigue life of the V-notched bi-material structure.     

The unconditional stable and convergent difference methods with intrinsic parallelism for quasilinear parabolic systems

A kind of the general finite difference schemes with intrinsic parallelism forthe boundary value problem of the quasilinear parabolic system is studied without assum-ing heuristically that the original boundary value problem has the unique smooth vectorsolution. By the method of a priori estimation of the discrete solutions of the nonlineardifference systems, and the interpolation formulas of the various norms of the discretefunctions and the fixed-point technique in finite dimensional Euclidean space, the exis-tence and uniqueness of the discrete vector solutions of the nonlinear difference systemwith intrinsic parallelism are proved. Moreover the unconditional stability of the generalfinite difference schemes with intrinsic parallelism is justified in the sense of the continu-ous dependence of the discrete vector solution of the difference schemes on the discretedata of the original problems in the discrete w_2~(2,1) norms. Finally the convergence of thediscrete vector solutions of the certain differe     

井下钻柱纵向横向耦合振动模型建立与数值分析

针对井下钻柱运动的复杂性,基于动力学理论,建立了井下钻柱纵向和横向耦合振动的数学模型,并进行数值求解及分析.根据井下钻柱的实际工况,以整个井下钻柱为研究对象,提出了钻柱纵向和横向耦合振动的动力方程,并利用解析法和无量纲法分别求解出其动刚度和动阻尼的表达式,以及钻柱前两阶振动的固有频率.分析结果表明:当井下钻柱振动频率增大时,其动刚度呈幅值衰减的周期性变化,而其动阻尼呈幅值增强的周期性变化;井下钻柱长度和横截面面积越大,其动刚度和动阻尼的幅值越小;井下钻柱的Poisson(泊松)比对其振动的动刚度、动阻尼和前两阶固有频率没有影响;同时,井下钻柱的第二阶固有频率始终大于第一阶固有频率.该文的研究方法和模型为井下钻柱钻具分析和结果优化提供了理论参考和实际意义.     

An asymptotic form of the energy functional for an elastic body with a crack and a rigid inclusion. The plane problem

The plane problem in the linear theory of elasticity for a body with a rigid inclusion located within it is investigated. It is assumed that there is a crack on part of the boundary joining the inclusion and the matrix and complete bonding on the remaining part of the boundary. Zero displacements are specified on the outer boundary of the body. The crack surface is free from forces and the stress state in the body is determined by the bulk forces acting on it. The variation in the energy functional in the case of a variation in the rigid inclusion and the crack is investigated. The deviation of the solution of the perturbed problem from the solution of the initial problem is estimated. An expression is obtained for the derivative of the energy functional with respect to a zone perturbation parameter that depends on the solution of the initial problem and the form of the vector function defining the perturbation. Examples of the application of the results obtained are studied.     

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本文主要讨论了变点的先验分布为beta-binomial分布 和Ibrahim等(2003)提出的幂型先验的条件下, 有一个变点的线性模型的贝叶斯统计推断问题, 并且我们假定变点两边的观测值的方差是相等的. 我们得到变点、回归系数、共同方差的后要分布的显示表达式. 本论文不仅把Ferrira(1975)论文从变点先验分布服从离散均匀分布推广到了更好描述变点 的形状的beta-binomial分布, 而且进一步将变点的先验分布推广到包含的历史信息的幂型先验. 当变点的先验分布为beta-binomial分布和幂型先验时, 模拟结果显示了贝叶斯方法具有更高的准确性.     

The rolling of a wheel along a corrugated rail

The rolling without detachment of a rigid massive wheel, carrying a static load, along a rail with undulations on the running surface, which arises as a result of non-uniform wear, is investigated. The rail is supported by an elastoviscous base. Because of the inertia of the wheel and the carriage the horizontal component of the velocity of the wheel centre differs only slightly from a constant quantity, and hence the motion of the wheel along the rail is assumed to be uniform. Steady vertical vibration of the wheel is considered. The vertical coordinate of the wheel centre, and also the difference between the longitudinal coordinates of the wheel centre and the point of contact of the wheel and the rail, are periodic and, correspondingly, even and odd functions of the longitudinal coordinate of the wheel centre, and their period is equal to the wave length on the rail surface. The periodic force of interaction of the wheel and the rail is given in the form of a Fourier series. Short waves, the amplitude of which is much less than their length, are often observed on the rail surface, and this length is much less than the wheel radius. In this case the coefficients of the Fourier series are expressed in terms of Bessel functions of the first kind of integer order. Observations show that the depth of the short wave on the rail surface increases until the radius of curvature in the rail trough approximates to the wheel radius, and hence it is assumed that these radii are close to or equal to one another. In this case the trajectory of the wheel centre differs considerably from the wave on the rail surface.     

Determination of the optimal ordering policy for the retailer with limited capitals when a supplier offers 2 levels of trade credit

In this article, we consider and investigate the cases when the retailer's capitals are restricted and when the supplier offers another kind of 2‐level trade credit. This means that the supplier offers 2‐level trade credit for the retailer to settle the account and the retailer's capitals are restricted, so the retailer decides to pay off the unpaid balance as follows: Firstly, the retailer decides to pay off the unpaid balance at the end of the first credit period if the retailer can pay off all accounts and, in addition, the retailer can use the sales revenue to earn interest throughout the replenishment cycle time. Secondly, the retailer decides to pay off all accounts either after the end of the first credit period, but before the second credit period, or after the second credit period if the retailer cannot pay off the unpaid balance at the end of the first credit period. Additionally, the delay will incur interest charges on the unpaid and overdue balance due to the difference between the interest earned and the interest charged. Consequently, the main purpose of this article is to characterize the optimal solution processes and (in accordance with the functional behavior of the cost function) to search for the optimal replenishment cycle time. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results which are proven in this article by means of mathematical solution procedures.     

基于供应链金融的供应商链式融资策略研究

供应链中由于核心企业延期付款而给上游供应商带来资金压力,供应商、核心企业以及银行组成供应商链式融资系统以缓解供应商资金压力。针对供应商初始资金以及银行给定信用期的不同情况,分别建立了供应商不贷款、贷款且在信用期内收回所有货款以及贷款但在信用期内未收回所有货款三种情形下的数学模型。通过分析得到了核心企业的最优订货策略和供应商的最优生产策略。研究表明供应商链式融资在一定程度上可以达到供应商、核心企业、银行三方共赢的效果:缓解供应商、核心企业资金压力并增加其利润,降低银行贷款风险扩大其贷款业务。     

Dynamically equilibrium shapes and directions of motion of ocean current rings

The dynamically equilibrium shapes of a uniform-density rotating mass of liquid (a ring) in the surface layer of a quiescent stratified ocean are determined. The examination is carried out in a plane tangential to the Earth, taking into account the vertical and horizontal projections of the angular velocity of its rotation. Exact solutions of the equations of motion of an ideal incompressibe fluid are obtained, making it possible, for a linearly stratified ocean, to determine the dynamic all equilibrium shape of the interfaces of water masses and the free boundaries of cyclonic and antocyclonic rings. These shapes comprise second-order surfaces inclined to the water level in the meridian plane, the type of surfaces depending on the governing parameters of the problem. Expressions are obtained for the angles of inclination of the principal axes. For small deviations from equilibrium, due to a difference in the gravitational forces and Archimedes forces, motion of the ring occurs, governed by the inclination of the principal axes and the nature of change (increase or reduction) in the average density of the ring, determined by the ratio of the rates of diffusion of heat and salt. The displacement along the parallel comprises geostrophic motion, for the velocity of which an analytical expression is obtained. The displacement along the meridian comprises motion over an inclined plane. An analytical expression is given that relates the change in the depth of the centre of mass of the ring to the velocity of motion along the meridian through the angle of inclination of the principal axes of the ring. This explains the motion of both types of Gulf Stream ring to the south-west and of the Oyasio ring to the north-east.