Bernoulli wavelet operational matrix of fractional order integration and its applications in solving the fractional order differential equations

In this paper, a new numerical method for solving fractional differential equations is presented. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The method is based upon Bernoulli wavelet approximations. The Bernoulli wavelet is first presented. An operational matrix of fractional order integration is derived and is utilized to reduce the initial and boundary value problems to system of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.     

The modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods for second-order cone linear complementarity problems

This paper presents a new computational technique for solving fractional pantograph differential equations. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The main idea is to use Müntz-Legendre wavelet and its operational matrix of fractional-order integration. First, the Müntz-Legendre wavelet is presented. Then a family of piecewise functions is proposed, based on which the fractional order integration of the Müntz-Legendre wavelets are easy to calculate. The proposed approach is used this operational matrix with the collocation points to reduce the under study problem to a system of algebraic equations. An estimation of the error is given in the sense of Sobolev norms. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are illustrated by several numerical examples.     

一类变系数分数阶微分方程的数值解法

本文研究了一类变系数分数阶微分方程的数值解法问题. 利用Cheyshev小波推导出的分数阶微分方程的算子矩阵把分数阶微分方程转换为代数方程组. 同时给出了Cheyshev小波基的收敛性和误差估计表达式, 并给出数值算例说明所提方法的精确性和有效性     

Haar wavelet operational matrix of fractional order integration and its applications in solving the fractional order differential equations

Haar wavelet operational matrix has been widely applied in system analysis, system identification, optimal control and numerical solution of integral and differential equations. In the present paper we derive the Haar wavelet operational matrix of the fractional order integration, and use it to solve the fractional order differential equations including the Bagley-Torvik, Ricatti and composite fractional oscillation equations. The results obtained are in good agreement with the existing ones in open literatures and it is shown that the technique introduced here is robust and easy to apply.     

Solving a nonlinear fractional differential equation using Chebyshev wavelets

Chebyshev wavelet operational matrix of the fractional integration is derived and used to solve a nonlinear fractional differential equations. Some examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.     

A wavelet operational method for solving fractional partial differential equations numerically

Fractional calculus is an extension of derivatives and integrals to non-integer orders, and a partial differential equation involving the fractional calculus operators is called the fractional PDE. They have many applications in science and engineering. However not only the analytical solution existed for a limited number of cases, but also the numerical methods are very complicated and difficult. In this paper, we newly establish the simulation method based on the operational matrices of the orthogonal functions. We formulate the operational matrix of integration in a unified framework. By using the operational matrix of integration, we propose a new numerical method for linear fractional partial differential equation solving. In the method, we (1) use the Haar wavelet; (2) establish a Lyapunov-type matrix equation; and (3) obtain the algebraic equations suitable for computer programming. Two examples are given to demonstrate the simplicity, clarity and powerfulness of the new method.     

A CAS wavelet method for solving nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations of fractional order

In this paper we present a computational method for solving a class of nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations of fractional order which is based on CAS (Cosine And Sine) wavelets. The CAS wavelet operational matrix of fractional integration is derived and used to transform the equation to a system of algebraic equations. Some examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.     

A study of fractional Lotka-Volterra population model using Haar wavelet and Adams-Bashforth-Moulton methods

The Lotka-Volterra (LV) system is an interesting mathematical model because of its significant and wide applications in biological sciences and ecology. A fractional LV model in the Caputo sense is investigated in this paper. Namely, we provide a comparative study of the considered model using Haar wavelet and Adams-Bashforth-Moulton methods. For the first method, the Haar wavelet operational matrix of the fractional order integration is derived and used to solve the fractional LV model. The main characteristic of the operational method is to convert the considered model into an algebraic equation which is easy to solve. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methods, some numerical tests are provided.     

Solving fractional nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations by the second kind Chebyshev wavelet

In this paper, we first construct the second kind Chebyshev wavelet. Then we present a computational method based on the second kind Chebyshev wavelet for solving a class of nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations of fractional order. The second kind Chebyshev wavelet operational matrix of fractional integration is derived and used to transform the equation to a system of algebraic equations. The method is illustrated by applications and the results obtained are compared with the existing ones in open literature. Moreover, comparing the methodology with the known technique shows that the present approach is more efficient and more accurate.     

Free vibration of non-uniform Euler–Bernoulli beam under various supporting conditions using Chebyshev wavelet collocation method

This paper proposes operational matrix of rth integration of Chebyshev wavelets. A general procedure of this matrix is given. Operational matrix of rth integration is taken as rth power of operational matrix of first integration in literature. But, this study removes this disadvantage of Chebyshev wavelets method. Free vibration problems of non-uniform Euler–Bernoulli beam under various supporting conditions are investigated by using Chebyshev Wavelet Collocation Method. The proposed method is based on the approximation by the truncated Chebyshev wavelet series. A homogeneous system of linear algebraic equations has been obtained by using the Chebyshev collocation points. The determinant of coefficients matrix is equated to the zero for nontrivial solution of homogeneous system of linear algebraic equations. Hence, we can obtain ith natural frequencies of the beam and the coefficients of the approximate solution of Chebyshev wavelet series that satisfied differential equation and boundary conditions. Mode shapes functions corresponding to the natural frequencies can be obtained by normalizing of approximate solutions. The computed results well fit with the analytical and numerical results as in the literature. These calculations demonstrate that the accuracy of the Chebyshev wavelet collocation method is quite good even for small number of grid points.     

A numerical method for solving boundary value problems for fractional differential equations

A numerical scheme, based on the Haar wavelet operational matrices of integration for solving linear two-point and multi-point boundary value problems for fractional differential equations is presented. The operational matrices are utilized to reduce the fractional differential equation to system of algebraic equations. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency and simplicity of the method.     

Numerical solution of nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations of arbitrary order by CAS wavelets

A computational method for numerical solution of a nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equation of fractional (arbitrary) order which is based on CAS wavelets and BPFs is introduced. The CAS wavelet operational matrix of fractional integration is derived and used to transform the main equation to a system of algebraic equations. Some examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.     

Numerical solution of nonlinear fractional-order Volterra integro-differential equations by SCW

Fractional calculus is an extension of derivatives and integrals to non-integer orders and has been widely used to model scientific and engineering problems. In this paper, we describe the fractional derivative in the Caputo sense and give the second kind Chebyshev wavelet (SCW) operational matrix of fractional integration. Then based on above results we propose the SCW operational matrix method to solve a kind of nonlinear fractional-order Volterra integro-differential equations. The main characteristic of this approach is that it reduces the integro-differential equations into a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. Thus, it can simplify the problem of fractional order equation solving. The obtained numerical results indicate that the proposed method is efficient and accurate for this kind equations.     

On the applicability of Genocchi wavelet method for different kinds of fractional‐order differential equations with delay

A novel collocation method based on Genocchi wavelet is presented for the numerical solution of fractional differential equations and time‐fractional partial differential equations with delay. In this work, to achieve the approximate solution with height accuracy, we employed the operational matrix of integer derivative and the pseudo‐operational matrix of fractional derivative in Caputo sense. Also, based on Genocchi function properties, we presented delay and pantograph operational matrices of Genocchi wavelet functions (GWFs). Due to operational and pseudo‐operational matrices, the equations under this study can be turned into nonlinear algebraic equations with the unknown GWF coefficients. For illustrating the upper bound of error for the proposed method, we estimate the error in the sense of Sobolev space. In addition, to demonstrate the efficacy of the pseudo‐operational matrix of fractional derivative, we investigate the upper bound of error for the mentioned matrix. Finally, the algorithm based on the proposed approach is implemented for some numerical experiments to confirm accuracy and applicability.     

Hybrid functions approach for nonlinear constrained optimal control problems

In this paper, a new numerical method for solving the nonlinear constrained optimal control with quadratic performance index is presented. The method is based upon hybrid functions approximation. The properties of hybrid functions consisting of block-pulse functions and Bernoulli polynomials are presented. The operational matrix of integration is introduced. This matrix is then utilized to reduce the solution of the nonlinear constrained optimal control to a nonlinear programming one to which existing well-developed algorithms may be applied. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.     

Vieta–Fibonacci wavelets: Application in solving fractional pantograph equations

In this paper, the Vieta–Fibonacci wavelets as a new family of orthonormal wavelets are generated. An operational matrix concerning fractional integration of these wavelets is extracted. A numerical scheme is established based on these wavelets and their fractional integral matrix together with the collocation technique to solve fractional pantograph equations. The presented method reduces solving the problem under study into solving a system of algebraic equations. Several examples are provided to show the accuracy of the method.     

Generalized wavelet quasilinearization method for solving population growth model of fractional order

The primary aim of this study is to introduce and develop a generalized wavelet method together with the quasilinearization technique to solve the Volterra's population growth model of fractional order. Unlike the existing operational matrix methods based on orthogonal functions, we formulate the wavelet operational matrices of general order integration without using the block pulse functions. Consequently, the governing problem is transformed into an equivalent system of algebraic equations, which can be tackled with any classical method. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated via an illustrative comparison of the numerical outcomes with those found by other known methods. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed method is fast, accurate, simple, and computationally reliable.     

The alternative Legendre Tau method for solving nonlinear multi-order fractional differential equations

In this paper, the alternative Legendre polynomials (ALPs) are used to approximate the solution of a class of nonlinear multi-order fractional differential equations (FDEs). First, the operational matrix of fractional integration of an arbitrary order and the product operational matrix are derived for ALPs. These matrices together with the spectral Tau method are then utilized to reduce the solution of the mentioned equations into the one of solving a system of nonlinear algebraic equations with unknown ALP coefficients of the exact solution. The fractional derivatives are considered in the Caputo sense and the fractional integration is described in the Riemann-Liouville sense. Numerical examples illustrate that the present method is very effective for linear and nonlinear multi-order FDEs and high accuracy solutions can be obtained only using a small number of ALPs.     

Fractional-Order Legendre Functions and Their Application to Solve Fractional Optimal Control of Systems Described by Integro-differential Equations

In this paper, we introduce a set of functions called fractional-order Legendre functions (FLFs) to obtain the numerical solution of optimal control problems subject to the linear and nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations. We consider the properties of these functions to construct the operational matrix of the fractional integration. Also, we achieved a general formulation for operational matrix of multiplication of these functions to solve the nonlinear problems for the first time. Then by using these matrices the mentioned fractional optimal control problem is reduced to a system of algebraic equations. In fact the functions of the problem are approximated by fractional-order Legendre functions with unknown coefficients in the constraint equations, performance index and conditions. Thus, a fractional optimal control problem converts to an optimization problem, which can then be solved numerically. The convergence of the method is discussed and finally, some numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency and accuracy of the method.     

A new operational matrix of fractional order integration for the Chebyshev wavelets and its application for nonlinear fractional Van der Pol oscillator equation

In this paper, an efficient and accurate computational method based on the Chebyshev wavelets (CWs) together with spectral Galerkin method is proposed for solving a class of nonlinear multi-order fractional differential equations (NMFDEs). To do this, a new operational matrix of fractional order integration in the Riemann–Liouville sense for the CWs is derived. Hat functions (HFs) and the collocation method are employed to derive a general procedure for forming this matrix. By using the CWs and their operational matrix of fractional order integration and Galerkin method, the problems under consideration are transformed into corresponding nonlinear systems of algebraic equations, which can be simply solved. Moreover, a new technique for computing nonlinear terms in such problems is presented. Convergence of the CWs expansion in one dimension is investigated. Furthermore, the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are shown on some concrete examples. The obtained results reveal that the proposed method is very accurate and efficient. As a useful application, the proposed method is applied to obtain an approximate solution for the fractional order Van der Pol oscillator (VPO) equation.