Homoclinic,heteroclinic and periodic orbits of singularly perturbed systems

The main aims of this paper are to study the persistence of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of the reduced systems on normally hyperbolic critical manifolds, and also the limit cycle bifurcations either from the homoclinic loop of the reduced systems or from a family of periodic orbits of the layer systems. For the persistence of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits, and the limit cycles bifurcating from a homolinic loop of the reduced systems, we provide a new and readily detectable method to characterize them compared with the usual Melnikov method when the reduced system forms a generalized rotated vector field. To determine the limit cycles bifurcating from the families of periodic orbits of the layer systems, we apply the averaging methods.We also provide two four-dimensional singularly perturbed differential systems, which have either heteroclinic or homoclinic orbits located on the slow manifolds and also three limit cycles bifurcating from the periodic orbits of the layer system.     

LIMIT CYCLES OF A QUADRATIC HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM BY CUBIC PERTURBATIONS

In this paper,we are concerned with a cubic near-Hamiltonian system,whose unperturbed system is quadratic and has a symmetric homoclinic loop.By using the method developed in [12],we find that the system can have 4 limit cycles with 3 of them being near the homoclinic loop.Further,we give a condition under which there exist 4 limit cycles.     

Limit cycles near generalized homoclinic and double homoclinic loops in piecewise smooth systems

In this paper, we study the bifurcation of limit cycles in piecewise smooth systems by perturbing a piecewise Hamiltonian system with a generalized homoclinic or generalized double homoclinic loop. We first obtain the form of the expansion of the first Melnikov function. Then by using the first coefficients in the expansion, we give some new results on the number of limit cycles bifurcated from a periodic annulus near the generalized (double) homoclinic loop. As applications, we study the number of limit cycles of a piecewise near-Hamiltonian systems with a generalized homoclinic loop and a central symmetric piecewise smooth system with a generalized double homoclinic loop.     

On the Bifurcations of a Hamiltonian Having Three Homoclinic Loops under Z3 Invariant Quintic Perturbations

A cubic system having three homoclinic loops perturbed by Z3 invariant quintic polynomials is considered. By applying the qualitative method of differential equations and the numeric computing method, the Hopf bifurcation, homoclinic loop bifurcation and heteroclinic loop bifurcation of the above perturbed system are studied. It is found that the above system has at least 12 limit cycles and the distributions of limit cycles are also given.     

Limit cycle bifurcation by perturbing a cuspidal loop of order 2 in a Hamiltonian system

This paper deals with the analytical property of the first Melnikov function for general Hamiltonian systems possessing a cuspidal loop of order 2 and its expansion at the Hamiltonian value corresponding to the loop. The explicit formulas for the first coefficients of the expansion have been given. We prove that at least 13 limit cycles can bifurcate from the cuspidal loop of order 2 under certain conditions. Then we consider the cyclicity of a cuspidal loop in some Liénard and Hamiltonian systems, and determine the number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from the perturbed system.     

LIMIT CYCLES NEAR A DOUBLE HOMOCLINIC LOOP

In this article,we study the expansion of the first order Melnikov function in a near-Hamiltonian system on the plane near a double homoclinic loop.We obtain an explicit formula to compute the first four coeffcients,and then identify the method of finding at least 7 limit cycles near the double homoclinic loop using these coefficients.Finally,we present some interesting applications.     

一类异宿环分支极限环的唯一性

本文研究平面上一类两点或三点异宿环附近极限环的分支,在一简洁条件下证明了异宿环分支极限环的唯一性,并给出了极限环唯一存在的充要条件.作为对三维余维2分支的应用,解决了所出现的两点异宿环产生唯一极限环的问题.     

THE POINCAR BIFURCATION OF A CUBIC HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM WITH HOMOCLINIC LOOP

In this paper, we discuss the Poincare bifurcation of a cubic Hamiltonian system with homoclinic loop. We prove that the system can generate at most seven limit cycles after a small perturbation of general cubic polynomials.     

On the number of limit cycles in double homoclinic bifurcations

LetL be a double homoclinic loop of a Hamiltonian system on the plane. We obtain a condition under whichL generates at most two large limit cycles by perturbations. We also give conditions for the existence of at most five or six limit cycles which appear nearL under perturbations.     

关于同宿分支的Leontovich分界线量

由Leontovich定义的鞍点量和分界线量是判断同宿轨道分支出极限环的数目及同宿环稳定性的主要判据．利用Tkachev对多重极限环稳定性判定的方法,对给定的系统,得到了同宿环分支的第三阶分界线量的公式,并对高阶分界线量做了猜测．     

Limit cycle bifurcations by perturbing a cuspidal loop in a Hamiltonian system

In this paper, we first study the analytical property of the first Melnikov function for general Hamiltonian systems exhibiting a cuspidal loop and obtain its expansion at the Hamiltonian value corresponding to the loop. Then by using the first coefficients of the expansion we give some conditions for the perturbed system to have 4, 5 or 6 limit cycles in a neighborhood of loop. As an application of our main results, we consider some polynomial Lienard systems and find 4, 5 or 6 limit cycles.     

The limit cycles of a second-order system of differential equations: The method of small forms

In this paper we investigate the existence of limit cycles of a system of the second-order differential equations with a vector parameter.We propose a method for representing a solution as a sum of forms with respect to the initial value and the parameter; we call this technique the method of small forms. We establish the conditions under which a sufficiently small neighborhood of the equilibrium point contains no limit cycles. We construct a polynomial, whose positive roots of odd multiplicity define the lower bound for the number of cycles, and simple positive roots (other positive roots do not exist) define the number of limit cycles in a sufficiently small neighborhood of the equilibrium point.We prove theorems, whose conditions guarantee that a positive root of odd multiplicity defines a unique limit cycle, but a positive root of even multiplicity defines exactly two limit cycles.We propose a method for defining the type of the stability of limit cycles.     

The loop quantities and bifurcations of homoclinic loops

The stability and bifurcations of a homoclinic loop for planar vector fields are closely related to the limit cycles. For a homoclinic loop of a given planar vector field, a sequence of quantities, the homoclinic loop quantities were defined to study the stability and bifurcations of the loop. Among the sequence of the loop quantities, the first nonzero one determines the stability of the homoclinic loop. There are formulas for the first three and the fifth loop quantities. In this paper we will establish the formula for the fourth loop quantity for both the single and double homoclinic loops. As applications, we present examples of planar polynomial vector fields which can have five or twelve limit cycles respectively in the case of a single or double homoclinic loop by using the method of stability-switching.     

Limit Cycle Bifurcations Of A Kind Of Lienard System With A Hypobolic Saddle And A Nilpotent Cusp

This paper gives a general theorem on the number of limit cycles of a near Hamiltonian system with a heteroclinic loop passing through a hyperbolic saddle and a nilpotent cusp. Then we study a kind of Lienard systems of type (n,4) for 3<=n<=27 and obtain the lower bound of the maximal number of limit cycles for this kind of system.     

On the limit cycles of perturbed discontinuous planar systems with 4 switching lines

Limit cycle bifurcations for a class of perturbed planar piecewise smooth systems with 4 switching lines are investigated. The expressions of the first order Melnikov function are established when the unperturbed system has a compound global center, a compound homoclinic loop, a compound 2-polycycle, a compound 3-polycycle or a compound 4-polycycle, respectively. Using Melnikov’s method, we obtain lower bounds of the maximal number of limit cycles for the above five different cases. Further, we derive upper bounds of the number of limit cycles for the later four different cases. Finally, we give a numerical example to verify the theory results.     

On the Number of Limit Cycles in Small Perturbations of a Piecewise Linear Hamiltonian System with a Heteroclinic Loop

In this paper, the authors consider limit cycle bifurcations for a kind of nonsmooth polynomial differential systems by perturbing a piecewise linear Hamiltonian system with a center at the origin and a heteroclinic loop around the origin. When the degree of perturbing polynomial terms is n(n ≥ 1), it is obtained that n limit cycles can appear near the origin and the heteroclinic loop respectively by using the first Melnikov function of piecewise near-Hamiltonian systems, and that there are at most n + [(n+1)/2] limit cycles bifurcating from the periodic annulus between the center and the heteroclinic loop up to the first order in ε. Especially, for n = 1, 2, 3 and 4, a precise result on the maximal number of zeros of the first Melnikov function is derived.     

Limit cycle bifurcations of some Liénard systems with a cuspidal loop and a homoclinic loop

In this paper, we study the number of limit cycles of some polynomial Liénard systems with a cuspidal loop and a homoclinic loop, and obtain some new results on the lower bound of the maximal number of limit cycles for these systems.     

On the cyclicity of a 2-polycycle for quadratic systems

It has been already known that the maximum number of limit cycles near a homoclinic loop of a quadratic Hamiltonian system under quadratic perturbations is two. However, the problem of finding the maximum number of limit cycles in the 2-polycycle case is still open. This paper addresses the problem in some detail and solves it partially.     

On the number of limit cycles by perturbing a piecewise smooth Hamilton system with two straight lines of separation

This paper deals with the problem of limit cycle bifurcations for a piecewise smooth Hamilton system with two straight lines of separation. By analyzing the obtained first order Melnikov function, we give upper and lower bounds of the number of limit cycles bifurcating from the period annulus between the origin and the generalized homoclinic loop. It is found that the first order Melnikov function is more complicated than in the case with one straight line of separation and more limit cycles can be bifurcated.     

Bifurcation analysis of a Leslie-type predator–prey system with simplified Holling type IV functional response and strong Allee effect on prey

In this paper, a Leslie-type predator–prey system with simplified Holling type IV functional response and strong Allee effect on prey is proposed. The dissipativity of the system and the existence of all possible equilibria are investigated. The investigation emphasizes the exploring of bifurcation. It is shown that the system exists several non-hyperbolic positive equilibria, such as a weak focus of multiplicities one and two, (degenerate) saddle–nodes and Bogdanov–Takens singularities (cusp case) of codimensions 2 and 3. At these equilibria, it is proved that the system undergoes various kinds of bifurcations, such as saddle–node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, degenerate Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimensions 2 and 3. With the parameters selected properly, there exhibits a limit cycle, a homoclinic loop, two limit cycles, a semistable limit cycle, or the simultaneous occurrence of a homoclinic loop and a limit cycle in the system. Moreover, it is also proved that the system has a cusp of codimension at least 4. Hence, there may exist three limit cycles generated from Hopf bifurcation of codimension 3. Numerical simulations are done to support the theoretical results.