The space of maps from a locally compact space to a Banach space

The space of continuous maps from a topological spaceX to topological spaceY is denoted byC(X,Y) with the compact-open topology. In this paper we prove thatC(X,Y) is an absolute retract ifX is a locally compact separable metric space andY a convex set in a Banach space. From the above fact we know thatC(X,Y) is homomorphic to Hilbert spacel ₂ ifX is a locally compact separable metric space andY a separable Banach space; in particular,C(R ⁿ,R^m) is homomorphic to Hilbert spacel ₂. This research is supported by the Science Foundation of Shanxi Province's Scientific Committee     

Uniform approximation: The non-locally convex case

IfS is a compact Hausdorff space of finite covering dimension and (E, τ) is a real or complex topological vector space (not necessarily locally convex), we prove a Weierstrass-Stone theorem for subsets ofC(S;E), the space of all continuous functions fromS intoE, equipped with the topology of uniform convergence overS.     

On factors ofC([0, 1]) with non-separable dual

LetC denote the Banach space of scalar-valued continuous functions defined on the closed unit interval. It is proved that ifX is a Banach space andT:C→X is a bounded linear operator withT ^* X ^* non-separable, then there is a subspaceY ofC, isometric toC, such thatT|Y is an isomorphism. An immediate consequence of this and a result of A. Pelczynski, is that every complemented subspace ofC with non-separable dual is isomorphic (linearly homeomorphic) toC. The research for this paper was partially supported by NSF-GP-30798X. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Grothendieck’s theorem for operator spaces

We prove several versions of Grothendieck’s Theorem for completely bounded linear maps T:E→F ^*, when E and F are operator spaces. We prove that if E, F are C ^*-algebras, of which at least one is exact, then every completely bounded T:E→F ^* can be factorized through the direct sum of the row and column Hilbert operator spaces. Equivalently T can be decomposed as T=T _r +T _c where T _r (resp. T _c ) factors completely boundedly through a row (resp. column) Hilbert operator space. This settles positively (at least partially) some earlier conjectures of Effros-Ruan and Blecher on the factorization of completely bounded bilinear forms on C ^*-algebras. Moreover, our result holds more generally for any pair E, F of “exact” operator spaces. This yields a characterization of the completely bounded maps from a C ^*-algebra (or from an exact operator space) to the operator Hilbert space OH. As a corollary we prove that, up to a complete isomorphism, the row and column Hilbert operator spaces and their direct sums are the only operator spaces E such that both E and its dual E ^* are exact. We also characterize the Schur multipliers which are completely bounded from the space of compact operators to the trace class. Oblatum 31-I-2002 & 3-IV-2002?Published online: 17 June 2002     

Transversals in non-discrete groups

The concept of ‘topological right transversal’ is introduced to study right transversals in topological groups. Given any right quasigroupS with a Tychonoff topologyT, it is proved that there exists a Hausdorff topological group in whichS can be embedded algebraically and topologically as a right transversal of a subgroup (not necessarily closed). It is also proved that if a topological right transversal(S, T _S ,T ^S , o) is such thatT _S =T ^S is a locally compact Hausdorff topology onS, thenS can be embedded as a right transversal of a closed subgroup in a Hausdorff topological group which is universal in some sense.     

The Choquet integral representation in the affine vector-valued case

LetX be any compact convex subset of a locally convex Hausdorff space andE be a complex Banach space. We denote byA(X, E) the space of all continuous and affineE-valued functions defined onX. In this paper we prove thatX is a Choquet simplex if and only if the dual ofA(X, E) is isometrically isomorphic by a selection map toM _m (X, E*), the space ofE*-valued,w*-regular boundary measures onX. This extends and strengthens a result of G. M. Ustinov. To do this we show that for any compact convex setX, each element of the dual ofA(X, E) can be represented by a measure inM _m (X, E*) with the same norm, and this representation is unique if and only ifX is a Choquet simplex. We also prove that ifX is metrizable andE is separable then there exists a selection map from the unit ball of the dual ofA(X, E) into the unit ball ofM _m (X, E*) which is weak* to weak*-Borel measurable.This work will constitute a portion of the author's Ph.D. Thesis at the University of Illinois.     

A stability property for locally uniformly rotund renorming

It is proved that C(K,E) (the space of all continuous functions on a Hausdorff compact space K taking values in a Banach space E) admits an equivalent locally uniformly rotund norm if C(K) and E do so. Moreover, if the equivalent LUR norms on C(K) and E are lower semicontinuous with respect to some weak topologies, the LUR norm on C(K,E) can be chosen to be lower semicontinuous with respect to an appropriate weak topology. As a consequence we prove that if X and Y are two Hausdorff compacta and C(X), C(Y) admit equivalent (pointwise lower semicontinuous) LUR norms, then so does C(X×Y).     

The divisor class groups of some rings of holomorphic functions

Let (X, _x O) be a normal complex analytic space andAX a connected Stein compact set, i.e. a compact subset ofX which has a basis of open neighborhoods which are Stein spaces. We restrict attention to thoseA such thatR=H ⁰ O) is Noetherian. In Section I various exact sequences involving the divisor class group ofR, denotedC(R), are developed. (IfA is a point, one of these sequences is well-known [24], [39].)LetB be a connected compact Stein set on a normal varietyY such thatS=H ^o(B, _Y O) andT=H ^o(A×B, _X×Y O are Noetherian. In II we give a Künneth-type formula which relatesC(R), C(S) andC(T). In III we show certain analytic local rings are unique factorization domains, study the divisor class groups of local rings on the quotient of an analytic space by a finite group, and prove a simple result on the topology of germs of complex analytic sets. We give a function-theoretic proof that complete intersections of dimensions greater than three which have isolated singularities have local rings which are unique factorization domains.The author wishes to thank Columbia University and the Forschungsinstitut für Mathemathik der ETH (Zürich) for their hospitality and the NSF for financial support.     

The Jacobian of a nonorientable Klein surface

Using divisors, an analog of the Jacobian for a compact connected nonorientable Klein surfaceY is constructed. The Jacobian is identified with the dual of the space of all harmonic real one-forms onY quotiented by the torsion-free part of the first integral homology ofY. Denote byX the double cover ofY given by orientation. The Jacobian ofY is identified with the space of all degree zero holomorphic line bundlesL overX with the property thatL is isomorphic to σ*/-L, where σ is the involution ofX.     

Strong q-convexity in uniform neighborhoods of subvarieties in coverings of complex spaces

The main result is that, for any projective compact analytic subset Y of dimension q > 0 in a reduced complex space X, there is a neighborhood Ω of Y such that, for any covering space ${\Upsilon\colon\widehat X\to X}The main result is that, for any projective compact analytic subset Y of dimension q > 0 in a reduced complex space X, there is a neighborhood Ω of Y such that, for any covering space U\colon[^(X)]? X{\Upsilon\colon\widehat X\to X} in which [^(Y)] o U^-1(Y){\widehat Y\equiv\Upsilon^{-1}(Y)} has no noncompact connected analytic subsets of pure dimension q with only compact irreducible components, there exists a C ^∞ exhaustion function j{\varphi} on [^(X)]{\widehat X} which is strongly q-convex on [^(W)]=U^-1(W){\widehat\Omega=\Upsilon^{-1}(\Omega)} outside a uniform neighborhood of the q-dimensional compact irreducible components of [^(Y)]{\widehat Y}.     

Metric Projections and Polyhedral Spaces

We prove that if X is a Banach space and Y is a proximinal subspace of finite codimension in X such that the finite dimensional annihilator of Y is polyhedral, then the metric projection from X onto Y is lower Hausdorff semi continuous. In particular this implies that if X and Y are as above, with the unit sphere of the annihilator space of Y contained in the set of quasi-polyhedral points of X ^*, then the metric projection onto Y is Hausdorff metric continuous. Partially supported under project DST/INT/US-NSF/RPO/141/2003.     

Uniform approximation: The non-locally convex case

IfS is a compact Hausdorff space of finite covering dimension and (E, τ) is a real or complex topological vector space (not necessarily locally convex), we prove a Weierstrass-Stone theorem for subsets ofC(S;E), the space of all continuous functions fromS intoE, equipped with the topology of uniform convergence overS.     

On Anosov energy levels of hamiltonians on twisted cotangent bundles

LetT ^* M denote the cotangent bundle of a manifoldM endowed with a twisted symplectic structure [1]. We consider the Hamiltonian flow generated (with respect to that symplectic structure) by a convex HamiltonianH: T ^* M, and we consider a compact regular energy level ofH, on which this flow admits a continuous invariant Lagrangian subbundleE. When dimM3, it is known [9] that such energy level projects onto the whole manifoldM, and thatE is transversal to the vertical subbundle. Here we study the case dimM=2, proving that the projection property still holds, while the transversality property may fail. However, we prove that in the case whenE is the stable or unstable subbundle of an Anosov flow, both properties hold.     

Duality results for perturbation classes of semi-Fredholm operators

The perturbation classes problem for semi-Fredholm operators asks when the equalities SS(X,Y)=PF₊(X,Y){\mathcal{SS}(X,Y)=P\Phi_+(X,Y)} and SC(X,Y)=PF_-(X,Y){\mathcal{SC}(X,Y)=P\Phi_-(X,Y)} are satisfied, where SS{\mathcal{SS}} and SC{\mathcal{SC}} denote the strictly singular and the strictly cosingular operators, and PΦ₊ and PΦ₋ denote the perturbation classes for upper semi-Fredholm and lower semi-Fredholm operators. We show that, when Y is a reflexive Banach space, SS(Y^*,X^*)=PF₊(Y^*,X^*){\mathcal{SS}(Y^*,X^*)=P\Phi_+(Y^*,X^*)} if and only if SC(X,Y)=PF_-(X,Y),{\mathcal{SC}(X,Y)=P\Phi_-(X,Y),} and SC(Y^*,X^*)=PF_-(Y^*,X^*){\mathcal{SC}(Y^*,X^*)=P\Phi_-(Y^*,X^*)} if and only if SS(X,Y)=PF₊(X,Y){\mathcal{SS}(X,Y)=P\Phi_+(X,Y)}. Moreover we give examples showing that both direct implications fail in general.     

Isometric factorization of weakly compact operators and the approximation property

Using an isometric version of the Davis, Figiel, Johnson, and Pe?czyński factorization of weakly compact operators, we prove that a Banach spaceX has the approximation property if and only if, for every Banach spaceY, the finite rank operators of norm ≤1 are dense in the unit ball ofW(Y,X), the space of weakly compact operators fromY toX, in the strong operator topology. We also show that, for every finite dimensional subspaceF ofW(Y,X), there are a reflexive spaceZ, a norm one operatorJ:Y→Z, and an isometry Φ :F →W(Y,X) which preserves finite rank and compact operators so thatT=Φ(T) oJ for allT∈F. This enables us to prove thatX has the approximation property if and only if the finite rank operators form an ideal inW(Y,X) for all Banach spacesY.     

A lattice-valued Banach-Stone theorem

Let X and Y be compact Hausdorff spaces, and let E be a Banach lattice. In this short note, we show that if there exists a Riesz isomorphismΦ:C(X, E) →C(Y, R) such that Φ(f) has no zeros if f has none, then X is homeomorphic to Y and E is Riesz isomorphic to R. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Approximation Properties and Some Classes of Operators

The following questions and close problems are studied.(i) Is it true that T is p-nuclear provided that T ^** is p-nuclear? (ii) Is it true that Tis dually p-nuclear provided that T ^* is p-nuclear? (iii) Is it true that if T ^*is compactly factorable in the space l _p, then T is (strictly) factorable in the space l _p'? Here, T ^* is the adjoint operator of a bounded operator T:X Yin Banach spaces X and Y. Bibliography: 30 titles.     

Invariant Submanifolds of Real Hypersurfaces of Complex Manifolds

Real hypersurfaces of a complex manifold admit a naturally induced almost contact structure F′ from the almost complex structure of the ambient manifold. We prove that for any F′-invariant submanifold M of a geodesic hypersphere in a non-flat complex space form and of a horosphere in a complex hyperbolic space, its second fundamental form h satisfies the condition h(FX,Y ) - h(X, FY) = g(FX, Y )h, X,Y ? T(M), 0 1 h ? T^{^}(M){h(FX,Y ) - h(X, FY) = g(FX, Y )\eta, X,Y \in T(M), 0 \ne \eta \in {T^\perp}(M)}, which has been considered in [2] and [3].     

Fatou's Lemma for Gelfand Integrable Mappings

We provide a version of Fatou's lemma for mappings taking their values in E ^*, the topological dual of a separable Banach space. The mappings are assumed to be Gelfand integrable, a difference with previous papers, which, in infinite dimensional spaces, are mainly considering Bochner integrable mappings. This result is motivated by a general equilibrium model with locations studied by Cornet and Medecin (1999) and directly applies to it, since the space E ^* considered by Cornet and Medecin is the space of (Radon) vector measures defined on a compact metric space.     

An example of a nuclear space in infinite dimensional holomorphy

LetU be an open subset of a complex locally convex spaceE, andH(U) the space of holomorphic functions fromU toC. If the dualE′ ofE is nuclear with respect to the topology generated by the absolutely convex compact subsets ofE, then it is shown thatH(U) endowed with the compact open topology is a nuclear space. In particular, ifE is the strong dual of a Fréchet nuclear space, thenH(U) is a Fréchet nuclear space.