正对角元的对称本原矩阵的本原指数集

对含正对角元的对称本原矩阵的本原指数集的分布进行具体的研究,得到几类本原矩阵的分布规律.综述本文的部分结果,可得出<中国科学>1986,No9的"对称本原矩阵的指数集"一文的重要结果"n阶对称本原矩阵的指数集是{1,2,…,2n-2}\{n,…,2n-2}中所有奇数"的又一简单证明.     

循环矩阵本原指数的上界估计

本文给出了循环矩阵本原指数上界的新的估计及一种由级数较低的循环矩阵的本原指数估计级数较高的循环矩阵的本原指数的方法，解决了一类循环矩阵本原指数的计算问题．     

围长为2的本原无限布尔方阵类的本原指数集

研究了围长为2的无限布尔方阵的本原性,通过无限有向图D（A）的直径给出了这类矩阵的本原指数的上确界,最后证明了直径小于等于d且围长为2的本原无限布尔方阵所构成的矩阵类的本原指数集为Ed^0={2,3,…,3d}．     

循环矩阵的两种特性的判定

揭示几类矩阵之间的紧密联系.借助于群的子群的判定以及循环布尔矩阵是本原矩阵的判定方法,得到循环模糊矩阵成为幂等矩阵的充要条件,反循环布尔矩阵成为本原矩阵的充要条件.并给出了循环模糊矩阵成为幂等矩阵的判定方法,反循环布尔矩阵成为本原矩阵的判定方法.     

n阶本原双随机矩阵遍历指数的上确界

本文给出了ｎ阶本原双随机矩阵遍历指数的上确界：     

双对称本原矩阵κ-点指数的极矩阵

一个n阶本原矩阵A的κ-点指数是A的最小幂指数,使得在这个幂中,存在着κ个全1行.最近我们得到了n阶双对称本原矩阵的κ-点指数的上确界.本文将在此基础上,以伴随图的形式给出其极矩阵的完全刻划.     

双对称本原矩阵k-点指数的极矩阵

一个n阶本原矩阵A的k-点指数是A的最小幂指数,使得在这个幂中,存在着k个全1行．最近我们得到了n阶双对称本原矩阵的k-点指数的上确界．本文将在此基础上,以伴随图的形式给出其极矩阵的完全刻划．     

一类恰含一个3-圈的三色本原有向图指数上界

在传统(单个)非负本原矩阵的基础上,将非负本原矩阵对的研究推广到非负本原矩阵簇,是组合矩阵论中一个崭新的研究内容.事实上,非负矩阵簇可以与多色有向图建立一一对应关系,从而把矩阵的问题转化为图的问题进行研究.该文研究了一类三色本原有向图,它的未着色图中包含n个顶点,一个n-圈、一个(n-1)-圈和一个3-圈,给出本原条件和指数上界.     

对称本原矩阵广义上指数的极矩阵

本文以伴随图的形早了对称本原矩阵和迹零对称本原矩阵的广义上指数的极矩阵。     

r—不可分矩阵的本原指数

本文给出了 n阶 r—不可分矩阵的本原指数的上界 ,即 n阶 r—不可分矩阵的本原指数 ( A)≤ n-r( 1≤ r2 ,都能找到一类本原指数为 n-1的 n阶 1—不可分矩阵 .证明了 n阶 1—不可分矩阵的本原指数集 En={ 1 ,2 ,… ,wn} ( wn=n-1 ) .     

Representations of Nature of Science in Selected Histories of Science in the Integrated Science Textbooks in China

This study aimed to examine the representations of nature of science (NOS) in the eight histories of science selected from three series of integrated science textbooks used in junior high school in China. Ten aspects of NOS were adopted in the analytical framework. It was found that NOS had not been well treated in the selected histories of science in the three series of science textbooks. Specifically, it was found that the empirical and inferential aspects were treated better than other aspects, and discrepancies existed among the three series of science textbooks and among the eight histories of science in terms of dealing with the target NOS aspects. Implications for addressing NOS in historical materials in science textbooks were discussed in the final part of this paper.     

Reasoning about variation in the intensity of change in covarying quantities involved in rate of change

This paper extends work in the area of quantitative reasoning related to rate of change by investigating numerical and nonnumerical reasoning about covarying quantities involved in rate of change via tasks involving multiple representations of covarying quantities. The findings suggest that by systematically varying one quantity, an individual could simultaneously attend to variation in the intensity of change in a quantity indicating a relationship between covarying quantities. The results document how a secondary student, prior to formal instruction in calculus, reasoned numerically and nonnumerically about covarying quantities involved in rate of change in a way that was mathematically powerful and yet not ratio-based. I discuss how coordinating covariational and transformational reasoning supports attending to variation in the intensity of change in quantities involved in rate of change.     

Tests of ordered hypotheses in linkage in heredity

The asymptotic null distribution of the likelihood ratio test for two cases of ordered hypotheses in a particular genetic model is considered. A simple iterative process is proposed in order to get the restricted estimates. It is shown that both tests have asymptotically a chi-bar squared distribution and the same size. A simulation study is also conducted in order to compare the usual unrestricted test with the corresponding one of ordered hypotheses. Finally, the results are extended to some special cases.     

ARIMA模型在新疆巴州梅毒疫情预测中的应用

搜集2008-2014年新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(简称巴州)梅毒月发病数据,采用时间序列分解方法(Time Series Decomposition methods)探讨该地区梅毒月发病率的季节性,建立ARIMA(0,1,1)(1,0,1)_(12)时间序列模型,模型预测值的动态趋势与实际发病率基本吻合,平均绝对百分比误差MAPE=17.36,具有较高的预测精度,可以较好的预测短期内梅毒的变化趋势,为梅毒的预防控制措施提供可靠依据.     

Methodological Issues in Studying Effects of Networks in Organizations

Three methodological issues are discussed that are important for the analysis of data on networks in organizations. The first is the two-level nature of the data: individuals are nested in organizations. This can be dealt with by using multilevel statistical methods. The second is the complicated nature of statistical methods for network analysis. The third issue is the potential of mathematical modeling for the study of network effects and network evolution in organizations. Two examples are given of mathematical models for gossip in organizations. The first example is a model for cross-sectional data, the second is a model for longitudinal data that reflect the joint development of network structure and individual behavior tendencies.     

中美大学数学教育研究之比较

论证了大学数学教育是高等教育的核心,数学教育本质上是一种素质教育,数学的应用遍及自然科学和社会科学.数学是大学理工科各专业知识的基础;探讨了大学数学教育研究的重要性,对中美大学数学教育的研究进行了对比,指出我们在研究大学数学教育方面的不足之处,提出了我们在大学数学教育研究方面的任务和目标.     

Influence of friction in material characterization in microindentation measurement

A comprehensive computational study is undertaken to identify the influence of friction in material characterization by indentation measurement based on elasto- plastic solids. The impacts of friction on load versus indentation depth curve, and the values of calculated hardness and Young’s modulus in conical and spherical indentations are shown in this paper. The results clearly demonstrate that, for some elasto-plastic materials, the curves of load versus indentation depth obtained either by spherical or conical indenters with different friction coefficients, cannot be distinguished. However, if utilizing the parameter β (see text for details), to quantify the deformation of piling-up or sinking-in, it is easy to find that the influence of friction on piling-up or sinking-in in indentation is significant. Therefore, the material parameters which are related to the projected area will also have a large error caused by the influence of friction. The maximum differences on hardness and Young’s modulus can reach 14.59% and 6.78%, respectively, for some elastic materials shown in this paper. These results do not agree with those from researchers who stated that the instrumented indentation experiments are not significantly affected by friction.     

Distribution of Magnetization in the Vicinity of Point Defects in Ferromagnetics

The localized distributions of magnetization, which slowly decrease with distance in the vicinity of magnetic imperfections in homogeneously magnetized ferromagnetics, were calculated in this work. It is shown that, in the case of the slowest decrease with distance, such distributions of magnetization interact with the domain wall, according to a formula that differs from that for the energy of the interaction between the homogeneous magnetic defect and the domain wall. The potential of the interaction between such imperfections was obtained.     

An exploration of students’ errors in derivatives in a university of technology

This paper reports on an exploration of errors that were displayed by students who studied mathematics in chemical engineering in derivatives of various functions such as algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions. The participants of this study were a group of twenty students who were at risk in an extended curriculum programme in a university of technology in Western Cape, South Africa. The researcher used a qualitative case study approach and collected data from students’ written work. This research uses action, process, object, and schema (APOS) theory to classify errors into categories and to analyse and interpret the data collected. The students displayed five different kinds of errors, namely, conceptual, interpretation, linear extrapolation, procedural and arbitrary. The use of APOS theory as a framework revealed that several students’ errors might be caused by over-generalisation of mathematical rules and properties such as the power rule of differentiation and distributive property in manipulation of algebraic expressions. This study suggests that teaching of the standard rules of differentiation should put emphasis on its restrictions to eliminate common errors that normally crop up due to over-generalisation of certain differentiation rules.     

加权马尔科夫链在鄂尔多斯市年降水量预测中的应用

鄂尔多斯市是内蒙古自治区重要的农牧渔业生产区.本文采用样本均值—标准差分级法,将鄂尔多斯市11个气象站1961-2019年的年降水量序列划分为丰水年、偏丰水年、平水年、偏枯水年,枯水年5个状态;以年降水量序列各阶自相关系数rk为权值,建立了加权马尔科夫预测模型,对鄂尔多斯市2017年、2018年、2019年的年降水量数值和所处状态进行预测.结果显示相对误差分别为1.3%,6.9%,4.5%,预测精度较高,方法得当.于是利用精度检验后的加权马尔科夫模型预测了鄂尔多斯市2020年降水量为312.81mm,划分为平水年.同时利用马尔科夫模型的遍历性,讨论了鄂尔多斯市年降水量的极限分布和丰枯状态重现期.研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯市59a来降水过程中枯水年、偏枯水年、平水年、偏丰水年、丰水年5种状态出现的概率分别为0.1358、0.1941、0.3693、0.1926、0.1083,即出现平水年的可能性最大,重现期为2.71a;出现丰水年的可能性最小,重现期为9.23a.上述研究结果与降水量序列及所处状态是保持一致的,由此可见利用加权马尔科夫链预测鄂尔多斯地区的年降水量是可行且有效的.