Judging or setting weight steady-state of rational Bézier curves and surfaces

Many works have investigated the problem of reparameterizing rational Bézier curves or surfaces via Mbius transformation to adjust their parametric distribution as well as weights, such that the maximal ratio of weights becomes smallerthat some algebraic and computational properties of the curves or surfaces can be improved in a way. However, it is an indication of veracity and optimization of the reparameterization to do prior to judge whether the maximal ratio of weights reaches minimum, and verify the new weights after Mbius transformation. What's more the users of computer aided design softwares may require some guidelines for designing rational Bézier curves or surfaces with the smallest ratio of weights. In this paper we present the necessary and sufficient conditions that the maximal ratio of weights of the curves or surfaces reaches minimum and also describe it by using weights succinctly and straightway.The weights being satisfied these conditions are called being in the stable state. Applying such conditions, any giving rational Bézier curve or surface can automatically be adjusted to come into the stable state by CAD system, that is, the curve or surface possesses its optimal parametric distribution. Finally, we give some numerical examples for demonstrating our results in important applications of judging the stable state of weights of the curves or surfaces and designing rational Bézier surfaces with compact derivative bounds.     

Geometric meanings of the parameters on rational conic segments

Using algebraic and geometric methods,functional relationships between a point on a conic segment and its corresponding parameter are derived when the conic segment is presented by a rational quadratic or cubic Bézier curve.That is,the inverse mappings of the mappings represented by the expressions of rational conic segments are given.These formulae relate some triangular areas or some angles,determined by the selected point on the curve and the control points of the curve,as well as by the weights of the rational Bézier curve.Also,the relationship can be expressed by the corresponding parametric angles of the selected point and two endpoints on the conic segment,as well as by the weights of the rational Bézier curve.These results are greatly useful for optimal parametrization,reparametrization,etc.,of rational Bézier curves and surfaces.     

Judging or setting weight steady-state of rational Bezier curves and surfaces

Many works have investigated the problem of reparameterizing rational B~zier curves or surfaces via MSbius transformation to adjust their parametric distribution as well as weights, such that the maximal ratio of weights becomes smallerthat some algebraic and computational properties of the curves or surfaces can be improved in a way. However, it is an indication of veracity and optimization of the reparameterization to do prior to judge whether the maximal ratio of weights reaches minimum, and verify the new weights after MSbius transfor- mation. What＇s more the users of computer aided design softwares may require some guidelines for designing rational B6zier curves or surfaces with the smallest ratio of weights. In this paper we present the necessary and sufficient conditions that the maximal ratio of weights of the curves or surfaces reaches minimum and also describe it by using weights succinctly and straightway. The weights being satisfied these conditions are called being in the stable state. Applying such conditions, any giving rational B6zier curve or surface can automatically be adjusted to come into the stable state by CAD system, that is, the curve or surface possesses its optimal para- metric distribution. Finally, we give some numerical examples for demonstrating our results in important applications of judging the stable state of weights of the curves or surfaces and designing rational B6zier surfaces with compact derivative bounds.     

Degenerations of rational Bézier surface with weights in the form of exponential function

Rational Bézier surface is a widely used surface fitting tool in CAD. When all the weights of a rational Bézier surface go to infinity in the form of power function, the limit of surface is the regular control surface induced by some lifting function, which is called toric degenerations of rational Bézier surfaces. In this paper, we study on the degenerations of the rational Bézier surface with weights in the exponential function and indicate the difference of our result and the work of Garc′?a-Puente et al. Through the transformation of weights in the form of exponential function and power function, the regular control surface of rational Bézier surface with weights in the exponential function is defined, which is just the limit of the surface.Compared with the power function, the exponential function approaches infinity faster, which leads to surface with the weights in the form of exponential function degenerates faster.     

GENERALIZED CONIC CURVES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CURVE APPROXIMAION

The appriximation properties of generalized conic curves are studied in this paper. A generalized conic curve is defined as one of the following curves or their affine and translation e-quivalent curves:(i) conic curves i including parabolas, hyperbolas and ellipses;(ii) generalized monomial curves, including curves of the form x=yr,.r R.r=0,1, in the x-y Cartesian coordinate system;(iii) exponential spiral curves of the form p=Apolar coordinate system.This type of curves has many important properties such as convexity , approximation property, effective numerical computation property and the subdivision property etc. Applications of these curves in both interpolation and approximations using piecewise generalized conic segment are also developed. It is shown that these generalized conic splines are very similar to the cubic polynomial splines and the best error of approximation is or at least in general provided appropriate procedures are used. Finally some numerical examples of interpolation and appro     

INVERSE LIMITS OF AFFINE GROUP SCHEMES

This paper considers inverse systems of affine group schemes. The author establishes the existence of the limit of such a system and proves some properties of the limit some about its structure and some about its representations and cohomologies. In particular, a new explanation of generic cohomology is obtained: Let $\[\tilde G\]$ be the inverse limit of the following inverse system $$\[G \leftarrow G \leftarrow G \leftarrow \cdots \]$$ where F is a Frobenius morphism of a linear algebraic group G. Then the generic cohomology of G(with respect to F）with coefficients in a rational G-module V is simply the rational cohomology of $\[\tilde G\]$ with coefficients in V.     

INVERSE LIMITS OF AFFINE GROUP SCHEMEN

This paper considers inverse systems of affine group schemes. The author establishesthe existence of the limit of such a system and proves some properties of the limit--someabout its structure and some about its representations and cohomologiss. In particular, anew explanation of generic cohomology is obtained: Let G be the inverse limit of the fol-lowing inverse system G←F G← F G← F…where F is a Frobenius morphism of a linear algebraic group G. Then the generic cohomo-logy of G (with respect to F) with coefficients in a rational G-module V is simply therational cohomology of G with coefficients in V.     

Counting isomorphism classes of pointed hyperelliptic curves of genus 4 over finite fields with even characteristic

This paper is devoted to counting the number of isomorphism classes of pointed hyperelliptic curves over finite fields. We deal with the genus 4 case and the finite fields are of even characteristics. The number of isomorphism classes is computed and the explicit formulae are given. This number can be represented as a polynomial in q of degree 7, where q is the order of the finite field. The result can be used in the classification problems and it is useful for further studies of hyperelliptic curve cryptosystems, e.g. it is of interest for research on implementing the arithmetics of curves of low genus for cryptographic purposes. It could also be of interest for point counting problems; both on moduli spaces of curves, and on finding the maximal number of points that a pointed hyperelliptic curve over a given finite field may have.     

SIGN MATRIX, REGULAR SPLITTINGS AND MONOTONIC ENCLOSURE OF SOLUTIONS FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS, PARTI

In this paper we introduce the sign matrix of a nonlinear system of equations x = Gx to characterize its hybrid and asynchronous monotonicity as well as convexity. Based on the configuration of the matrix, we define a new type of regular splittings of the system with which the solvability and construction of solutions for the system are transformed to those of the couple systems of the splitting formIt is shown that this couple systems is a general model for developing monotonic enclosure methods of solutions for various types of nonlinear system of equations.     

A REMARK ON IMPLICITIZING RATIONAL CURVES WITH BASE POINTS

A simple relationship between the Bezout matrix corresponding to a rational curve with base points and the Bezout matrix corresponding to the same rational curve except that whose base points are eliminated is clarified. Based on this relationship,the author proves that the implicit equation of a rational curve with base points is the largest rton-zero leading principal minor of the gezout resultant corresponding to the rational curve assuming that the rational curve doesn‘t have triva/base point 0,and thus provides a simple approach to Jmplicitze rational curves with base points. Furthermore，as a by-product ，art algorithm is presented to compute the base points of a rational curve.     

ANOTHER TYPE OF GENERALIZED BALL CURVES AND SURFACES

In 2000,Wu presented two new types of generalized Ball curves,one of which is called an NB1 curve located between the Wang Ball curve and the Said Ball curve.In this article,the authors aim to discuss properties of NB1 curves and surfaces,including the recursive algorithms,conversion algorithms between NB1 and Bézier curves and surfaces, etc.In addition the authors compare the computation efficiency of recursive algorithms for the NB1 and above mentioned two generalized Ball curves and surfaces.     

Offset approximation based on reparameterizing the path of a moving point along the base circle

This paper presents a novel algorithm for planar curve offsetting. The basic idea is to regard the locus relative to initial base circle, which is formed by moving the unit normal vectors of the base curve, as a unit circular arc first, then accurately to represent it as a rational curve, and finally to reparameterize it in a particular way to approximate the offset. Examples illustrated that the algorithm yields fewer curve segments and control points as well as C^1 continuity, and so has much significance in terms of saving computing time, reducing the data storage and smoothing curves entirely.     

Equivalent Separating Curves on Closed Surface of Genus 2

Let {A,B} be a complete system of the closed orientable surface F of genus 2. A simple closed curve C on F is separating with respect to (A, B) if it is disjoint from A∪B and it cuts F into two once-punctured tori X, Y with A(?)X, B(?)Y. Letγbe a simple closed curve on F which is disjoint from A∪B and intersects C essentially in two points. In this paper, we show that up to isotopy, {hnγ(C):n∈Z} is the set containing all the simple closed curves on F which is separating with respect to (A,B), where hγis the Dehn twist alongγon F. This also shows how two simple closed curves on F which are separating with respect to (A,B) are related. The result can be applied to yield all Haken spheres of a Heegaard splitting V∪F W which are weakly equivalent to a given Heken sphere of the splitting.     

关于Bernstein多项式的一类不等式及其应用

In this paper a class of new inequalities about Bernstein polynomial is established. With these inequalities,the estimation of heights,the derivative bounds of Bézier curves and rational Bézier curves can be improved greatly.     

Discussion on relationship between minimal energy and curve shapes

Energy minimization has been widely used for constructing curve and surface in the fields such as computer-aided geometric design, computer graphics. However, our testing examples show that energy minimization does not optimize the shape of the curve sometimes. This paper studies the relationship between minimizing strain energy and curve shapes, the study is carried out by constructing a cubic Hermite curve with satisfactory shape. The cubic Hermite curve interpolates the positions and tangent vectors of two given endpoints. Computer simulation technique has become one of the methods of scientific discovery, the study process is carried out by numerical computation and computer simulation technique. Our result shows that： （1） cubic Hermite curves cannot be constructed by solely minimizing the strain energy; （2） by adoption of a local minimum value of the strain energy, the shapes of cubic Hermite curves could be determined for about 60 percent of all cases, some of which have unsatisfactory shapes, however. Based on strain energy model and analysis, a new model is presented for constructing cubic Hermite curves with satisfactory shapes, which is a modification of strain energy model. The new model uses an explicit formula to compute the magnitudes of the two tangent vectors, and has the properties： （1） it is easy to compute; （2） it makes the cubic Hermite curves have satisfactory shapes while holding the good property of minimizing strain energy for some cases in curve construction. The comparison of the new model with the minimum strain energy model is included.     

Painlevé Property and Integrability of Polynomial Dynamical Systems

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the connection between the Painlev′e property and the integrability of polynomial dynamical systems. We show that if a polynomial dynamical system has Painlev′e property, then it admits certain class of first integrals. We also present some relationships between the Painlev′e property and the structure of the differential Galois group of the corresponding variational equations along some complex integral curve.     

旋转锥面$l_\infty$拟合的截断光滑化牛顿法

In this paper, the rotated cone fitting problem is considered. In case the measured data are generally accurate and it is needed to fit the surface within expected error bound, it is more appropriate to use l∞ norm than 12 norm. l∞ fitting rotated cones need to minimize, under some bound constraints, the maximum function of some nonsmooth functions involving both absolute value and square root functions. Although this is a low dimensional problem, in some practical application, it is needed to fitting large amount of cones repeatedly, moreover, when large amount of measured data are to be fitted to one rotated cone, the number of components in the maximum function is large. So it is necessary to develop efficient solution methods. To solve such optimization problems efficiently, a truncated smoothing Newton method is presented. At first, combining aggregate smoothing technique to the maximum function as well as the absolute value function and a smoothing function to the square root function, a monotonic and uniform smooth approximation to the objective function is constructed. Using the smooth approximation, a smoothing Newton method can be used to solve the problem. Then, to reduce the computation cost, a truncated aggregate smoothing technique is applied to give the truncated smoothing Newton method, such that only a small subset of component functions are aggregated in each iteration point and hence the computation cost is considerably reduced.     

球面上的几何连续插值

In this paper, a new method for geometrically continuous interpolation in spheres is proposed. The method is entirely based on the spherical B′ezier curves defined by the generalized de Casteljau algorithm. Firstly we compute the tangent directions and curvature vectors at the endpoints of a spherical B′ezier curve. Then, based on the above results, we design a piecewise spherical B′ezier curve with G 1 and G 2 continuity. In order to get the optimal piecewise curve according to two different criteria, we also give a constructive method to determine the shape parameters of the curve. According to the method, any given spherical points can be directly interpolated in the sphere. Experimental results also demonstrate that the method performs well both in uniform speed and magnitude of covariant acceleration.     

Superlinearly convergent affine scaling interior trust-region method for linear constrained LC<Superscript>1</Superscript> minimization

We extend the classical affine scaling interior trust region algorithm for the linear constrained smooth minimization problem to the nonsmooth case where the gradient of objective function is only locally Lipschitzian. We propose and analyze a new affine scaling trust-region method in association with nonmonotonic interior backtracking line search technique for solving the linear constrained LC1 optimization where the second-order derivative of the objective function is explicitly required to be locally Lipschitzian. The general trust region subproblem in the proposed algorithm is defined by minimizing an augmented affine scaling quadratic model which requires both first and second order information of the objective function subject only to an affine scaling ellipsoidal constraint in a null subspace of the augmented equality constraints. The global convergence and fast local convergence rate of the proposed algorithm are established under some reasonable conditions where twice smoothness of the objective function is not required. Applications of the algorithm to some nonsmooth optimization problems are discussed.