Existence and asymptotic behavior for elliptic equations with singular anisotropic potentials

We study the equation Δu+u|u|^p−1+V(x)u+f(x)=0 in Rn, where n?3 and p>n/(n−2). The forcing term f and the potential V can be singular at zero, change sign and decay polynomially at infinity. We can consider anisotropic potentials of form h(x)|x|⁻² where h is not purely angular. We obtain solutions u which blow up at the origin and do not belong to any Lebesgue space Lr. Also, u is positive and radial, in case f and V are. Asymptotic stability properties of solutions, their behavior near the singularity, and decay are addressed.     

Optimal adaptive solution of initial-value problems with unknown singularities

The optimal solution of initial-value problems in ODEs is well studied for smooth right-hand side functions. Much less is known about the optimality of algorithms for singular problems. In this paper, we study the (worst case) solution of scalar problems with a right-hand side function having r   continuous bounded derivatives in R$\mathbf{R}$, except for an unknown singular point. We establish the minimal worst case error for such problems (which depends on r similarly as in the smooth case), and define optimal adaptive algorithms. The crucial point is locating an unknown singularity of the solution by properly adapting the grid. We also study lower bounds on the error of an algorithm for classes of singular problems. In the case of a single singularity with nonadaptive information, or in the case of two or more singularities, the error of any algorithm is shown to be independent of r.     

Strong convergence theorem for uniformly L-Lipschitzian asymptotically pseudocontractive mapping in real Banach space

Let E be a real Banach space. Let K be a nonempty closed and convex subset of E, a uniformly L-Lipschitzian asymptotically pseudocontractive mapping with sequence {kn}_n?0⊂[1,+∞), limn→∞kn=1 such that F(T)≠∅. Let {αn}_n?0⊂[0,1] be such that _∑n?0αn=∞, and _∑n?0αn(kn−1)<∞. Suppose {xn}_n?0 is iteratively defined by xn+1=(1−αn)xn+αnTnxn, n?0, and suppose there exists a strictly increasing continuous function , ?(0)=0 such that 〈Tnx−x^∗,j(x−x^∗)〉?kn‖x−x^∗‖2−?(‖x−x^∗‖), ∀x∈K. It is proved that {xn}_n?0 converges strongly to x^∗∈F(T). It is also proved that the sequence of iteration {xn} defined by xn+1=anxn+bnTnxn+cnun, n?0 (where {un}_n?0 is a bounded sequence in K and {an}_n?0, {bn}_n?0, {cn}_n?0 are sequences in [0,1] satisfying appropriate conditions) converges strongly to a fixed point of T.     

Degrees of the Elliptic Teichmüller Lift

The purpose of this paper is to find upper bounds for the degrees, or equivalently, for the order of the poles at O, of the coordinate functions of the elliptic Teichmüller lift of an ordinary elliptic curve over a perfect field of characteristic p. We prove the following bounds:ord₀(x_n)?−(n+2)pⁿ+npⁿ⁻¹, ord₀(y_n)?−(n+3)pⁿ+npⁿ⁻¹. Also, we prove that the bound for x_n is not the exact order if, and only if, p divides (n+1), and the bound for y_n is not the exact order if, and only if, p divides (n+1)(n+2)/2. Finally, we give an algorithm to compute the reduction modulo p³ of the canonical lift for p≠2,3.     

Superconvergence of Legendre projection methods for the eigenvalue problem of a compact integral operator

In this paper, we consider the Galerkin and collocation methods for the eigenvalue problem of a compact integral operator with a smooth kernel using the Legendre polynomials of degree ≤n. We prove that the error bounds for eigenvalues are of the order O(n^−2r) and the gap between the spectral subspaces are of the orders O(n^−r) in L₂-norm and O(n^1/2−r) in the infinity norm, where r denotes the smoothness of the kernel. By iterating the eigenvectors we show that the iterated eigenvectors converge with the orders of convergence O(n^−2r) in both L₂-norm and infinity norm. We illustrate our results with numerical examples.     

Regularity of the extremal solution for some elliptic problems with singular nonlinearity and advection

In this note, we investigate the regularity of the extremal solution u^? for the semilinear elliptic equation −△u+c(x)⋅∇u=λf(u) on a bounded smooth domain of Rn with Dirichlet boundary condition. Here f is a positive nondecreasing convex function, exploding at a finite value a∈(0,∞). We show that the extremal solution is regular in the low-dimensional case. In particular, we prove that for the radial case, all extremal solutions are regular in dimension two.     

Smoothness of Itô maps and diffusion processes on path spaces (I)

Let p∈[1,2) and α, ε>0 be such that α∈(p−1,1−ε). Let V, W be two Euclidean spaces. Let Ωp(V) be the space of continuous paths taking values in V and with finite p-variation. Let k∈N and be a Lip(k+α+ε) map in the sense of E.M. Stein [Stein E.M., Singular integrals and differentiability properties of functions, Princeton Mathematical Series, vol. 30, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1970]. In this paper we prove that the Itô map, defined by I(x)=y, is a local map (in the sense of Fréchet) between Ωp(V) and Ωp(W), where y is the solution to the differential equation

     

A Turán-type inequality for the gamma function

We prove that the following Turán-type inequality holds for Euler's gamma function. For all odd integers n?1 and real numbers x>0 we have

α?Γ(n−1)(x)Γ(n+1)(x)−Γ(n)²(x),     

On a property of functions on the sphere and its application

Given a continuous function f:S^m+n−2→R^m, and n points u₁,u₂,…,u_n∈S^m+n−2; does there exist a rotation r∈SO(m+n−1) such that f(ru₁)=f(ru₂)=?=f(ru_n)? In this paper, we study the property of a continuous map from a sphere to a Euclidean space by using the theory of Smith periodic transformation and Brouwer degree of map theorem. The conjecture is proved under the case of n=2 and m being even. Furthermore, this conjecture is proved for the case when u_j⋅u_j+1=λ and the dimension of the sphere is not less than m+n−2. This paper generalizes the Borsuk-Ulam theorem and then presents its application.     

On perturbed nonlinear Itô type stochastic integrodifferential equations

In this paper we consider the solution of the stochastic nonlinear integrodifferential equation of the Itô type with small perturbations, by comparing it with the solution of the corresponding unperturbed equation of the equal type. We investigate the closeness in the (2m)th moment sense of these solutions on finite fixed intervals or on intervals whose length tends to infinity as small perturbations tend to zero.     

Itô Formula for Free Stochastic Integrals

The objects under investigation are the stochastic integrals with respect to free Lévy processes. We define such integrals for square-integrable integrands, as well as for a certain general class of bounded integrands. Using the product form of the Itô formula, we prove the full functional Itô formula in this context.     

What Is the Complexity of Stieltjes Integration?

We study the complexity of approximating the Stieltjes integral ∫¹₀ f(x) dg(x) for functions f having r continuous derivatives and functions g whose sth derivative has bounded variation. Let r(n) denote the nth minimal error attainable by approximations using at most n evaluations of f and g, and let comp(ε) denote the ε-complexity (the minimal cost of computing an ε-approximation). We show that r(n)≍n^{−min{r, s+1}} and that comp(ε)≍ε^{−1/min{r, s+1}}. We also present an algorithm that computes an ε-approximation at nearly minimal cost.     

A singular boundary value problem for odd-order differential equations

The odd-order differential equation (−1)ⁿx⁽²ⁿ⁺¹⁾=f(t,x,…,x⁽²ⁿ⁾) together with the Lidstone boundary conditions x^(2j)(0)=x^(2j)(T)=0, 0?j?n−1, and the next condition x⁽²ⁿ⁾(0)=0 is discussed. Here f satisfying the local Carathéodory conditions can have singularities at the value zero of all its phase variables. Existence result for the above problem is proved by the general existence principle for singular boundary value problems.     

Arithmetical properties of a sequence arising from an arctangent sum

The sequence {xn} defined by xn=(n+xn−1)/(1−nxn−1), with x₁=1, appeared in the context of some arctangent sums. We establish the fact that xn≠0 for n?4 and conjecture that xn is not an integer for n?5. This conjecture is given a combinatorial interpretation in terms of Stirling numbers via the elementary symmetric functions. The problem features linkage with a well-known conjecture on the existence of infinitely many primes of the form n²+1, as well as our conjecture that (1+¹²)(1+²²)?(1+n²) is not a square for n>3. We present an algorithm that verifies the latter for n?¹⁰³²⁰⁰.     

Strong convergence of an iterative method for nonexpansive and accretive operators

Let X be a Banach space and A an m-accretive operator with a zero. Consider the iterative method that generates the sequence {xn} by the algorithm xn+1=αnu+(1−αn)Jrnxn, where {αn} and {rn} are two sequences satisfying certain conditions, and Jr denotes the resolvent ⁻¹(I+rA) for r>0. Strong convergence of the algorithm {xn} is proved assuming X either has a weakly continuous duality map or is uniformly smooth.     

Lower bounds on covering codes via partition matrices

Let Kq(n,R) denote the minimal cardinality of a q-ary code of length n and covering radius R. Let σq(n,s;r) denote the minimal cardinality of a q-ary code of length n, which is s-surjective with radius r. In order to lower-bound Kq(n,n−2) and σq(n,s;s−2) we introduce partition matrices and their transversals. Our approach leads to a short new proof of a classical bound of Rodemich on Kq(n,n−2) and to the new bound Kq(n,n−2)?3q−2n+2, improving the first iff 5?n<q?2n−4. We determine Kq(q,q−2)=q−2+σ₂(q,2;0) if q?10. Moreover, we obtain the new powerful recursive bound Kq+1(n+1,R+1)?min{2(q+1),Kq(n,R)+1}.     

Iterative solution of nonlinear equations of accretive and pseudocontractive types

Let E be a real uniformly smooth Banach space. Let A:D(A)=E→2E be an accretive operator that satisfies the range condition and A⁻¹(0)≠∅. Let {λ_n} and {θ_n} be two real sequences satisfying appropriate conditions, and for z∈E arbitrary, let the sequence {x_n} be generated from arbitrary x₀∈E by x_n+1=x_n−λ_n(u_n+θ_n(x_n−z)), u_n∈Ax_n, n?0. Assume that {u_n} is bounded. It is proved that {x_n} converges strongly to some x∗∈A−1(0). Furthermore, if K is a nonempty closed convex subset of E and T:K→K is a bounded continuous pseudocontractive map with F(T):={Tx=x}≠∅, it is proved that for arbitrary z∈K, the sequence {x_n} generated from x₀∈K by x_n+1=x_n−λ_n((I−T)x_n+θ_n(x_n−z)), n?0, where {λ_n} and {θ_n} are real sequences satisfying appropriate conditions, converges strongly to a fixed point of T.     

Boundedness of rough oscillatory singular integral on Triebel-Lizorkin spaces

We give the boundedness on Triebel-Lizorkin spaces for oscillatory singular integral operators with polynomial phases and rough kernels of the form eiP(x)Ω(x)|x|⁻ⁿ, where Ω∈Llog⁺L(Sn−1) is homogeneous of degree zero and satisfies certain cancellation condition.     

Itô’s stochastic calculus: Its surprising power for applications

We trace Itô’s early work in the 1940s, concerning stochastic integrals, stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and Itô’s formula. Then we study its developments in the 1960s, combining it with martingale theory. Finally, we review a surprising application of Itô’s formula in mathematical finance in the 1970s. Throughout the paper, we treat Itô’s jump SDEs driven by Brownian motions and Poisson random measures, as well as the well-known continuous SDEs driven by Brownian motions.     

The Itô integral for Brownian motion in vector lattices: Part 2

The Itô integral for Brownian motion in a vector lattice, as constructed in Part 1 of this paper, is extended to accommodate a larger class of integrands. This extension provides an analogue of the indefinite Itô integral in the classical setting which yields a local martingale. The assumption is that there exists a conditional expectation operator on the vector lattice and the construction does not depend on a probability measure space. The classical case of the extended Itô integral is a special case of the constructed integral in the vector lattice.